Abstract
This paper examines managing challenging behavior in the classroom by taking a deeper look at its causes. First, the paper presents the factors that affect behavior in the classroom. Then individual theories, such as those of Maslow and Adler, are presented. The paper then describes how teachers can apply these theories to the classroom and manage it more effectively. These approaches involve structuring a physical environment that promotes a healthy learning environment and also rewarding positive behavior. Above all, the paper stressed preventing challenging behavior before it occurs by using the approaches from the beginning of the school year.

From the Paper
"Home, peer group and social factors affect behavior in the classroom; these factors have negative aspects that influence student behaviors. Negative aspects of home environments can be; poverty, child abuse, lack of family support and domestic violence. Challenging behavior can result from many factors such as the environment, classroom setup / dynamics, family, ethnicity and religion. (Arthur-Kelly, et al., 2007). When looking at an individual's ecology the affects of their behavior and the environment can be shaped by the individual, (Cole & Chan, 1994). Students who come from minority groups or disadvantaged homes can suffer from adjustment problems as they seem or feel out of place and have difficulty with new social contexts."

Tags:positive rewards, Maslow, Adler, teachers

Abstract
'Wide Sargasso Sea' by Jean Rhys and 'Pygmalion' by George Bernard Shaw are both excellent examples of this literary phenomenon of challenging audience assumptions about genre. The former is an example of prose fiction while the latter is an example of theatrical drama. While both possess many of the overarching, superficial characteristics of each genre, both Shaw and Rhys manipulated their work so as to challenge their respective audiences.

From the Paper
"Works that challenge our expectations are not nearly as common as some readers and critics might imagine. It is more difficult to challenge the basic presumptions of a given genre that one might think. After all, in order to even be considered part of a given genre, a piece of literature must conform to some of the standards that make up that genre. Prose fiction cannot comfortably be called prose fiction if it is written wholly in stanzas. That would break too many genre barriers for critics to easily be able to evaluate the work as a part of any genre. As a consequence, it takes an adept author to create a literary work that is recognizable as belonging to one genre or another and yet which simultaneously challenges the expectations of critics and readers alike. Nonetheless, this task can be accomplished."

Tags:genre, challenging, assumptions

Abstract
This paper describes an incident in which the author was forced to make a decision on how to tactfully reject the advances of a gay manager at a restaurant at which the author worked. The author was faced with a decision to either report the manager to his superiors or to confront the manager personally.

From the Paper
"At first, this seemed like a minor curiosity because he challenged my assumptions of what gay people were like. He was not effeminate at all nor did he advertise his sexuality. One day, one of the waitresses brought it to my attention that this manager was extremely attracted to me. My reaction to this was almost as surprising as the news itself. I did not feel threatened or offended. In fact, all my negative attitudes toward gay people had changed because I thought this manager was such a good guy. In this case, my reaction was based exclusively on new learning rather than previously learned concepts."

Tags:gay restaurant communication challenges management, creative essays

Abstract
This paper explains the way that ideology, genre and auteur can be incorporated into a film so that the film is able to challenge the status quo in a clear manner enabling people to better understand the problem. Next, the author analyzes Steven Spielberg's 2005 version of the film "War of the Worlds", which was originally written as a warning about the increasing levels of technology in the modern world. The paper concludes that, in addition to being a the film that challenges the status quo, "War of the Worlds" demonstrates the presence of a signature style through its semantic and syntactic elements. Footnotes also are included in the paper.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Ideology, Genre and Auteur
The Importance of Ideology, Genre and Auteur
The Role of Author
Example: "War of the Worlds"
Impacts of Films
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The role of the author in a film ensures that there is flow of narration. The role played by an author in a movie is very important because he is the one who comes up with the thoughts that are to be expressed in the movie and this means that when the author does not have a convincing way of expressing his thoughts then chances that the movie is going to be interesting are very minimal since the author is expected to come up with ideas that are more interesting and those that can catch the attention of the viewers. For a movie to be viewed as interesting, it must have consistency since this is what will portray the involvement and personality of its author. When a film has been produced and people do not have much to say concerning it is boring because this means that it has not attracted their attention but when it has a lot of criticism then it is evident that the movie has captured the attention of the intended viewers and through this then it is evident that the work of the author of the script has been appreciated.
"When discussing about a given film or a certain genre of movie, it is very important to look at the importance of auteurism since all the events that take place within a film should be the concern of its author."

Tags:director, stylistic devices, narration, metal monster, syntactic elements

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that traditional teaching of language has students vainly searching for the "point" of the story, the meaning, the theme, the plot. The writer maintains that such tactics are ultimately reductive and do not foster critical thinking among students. Further, the writer discusses that in order to challenge students to become more aware of the intricacies of language and become better readers and writers, educators must challenge them to approach language from a more deconstructive position.

From the Paper
"When confronted with possibility of incorporating deconstruction into pedagogical discussions, it is almost possible to hear a host of teachers everywhere shudder in a mix of disapproval and disgust. Traditional language pedagogy has not been especially forgiving of deconstructive methods, especially on levels other than the university. Nevertheless, it is at the earlier stage that deconstruction can be the most useful in language education. At its heart, deconstruction demonstrates the feeling of the inescapable and the suspicion of language."

Tags:deconstruction, language, pedagogy

Abstract
The paper reveals the tenets of avoiding pain through Epicurean values, and shows how there are serious problems with a "good" society that does not ever have conflict and the resulting pain of change. The paper discusses how this results in stagnation and idle hedonism, and causes the society to fall into decay and disuse.

Tags:hedonism, epicurus, philosophy

Abstract
The paper discusses the opinions of Nietzsche, Marx and Engels, Brecht, Coleridge, and Wordsworth on the Enlightenment.

From the Paper
"The Enlightenment was an era in which philosophers and other scholars constructed a new understanding of the role played in human affairs by reason, by freedom and by individualism. Challenges to such views emerged in the Romantic, Post-Romantic and subsequent periods of man's historical development. This essay will consider challenges to Enlightenment ideas and values, as reflected in a set of diverse works, some from fiction and some from philosophy and political science. The specific challenges addressed, be the Romanic construction of man..."

Tags:Enlightenment, Reason, Nature

Abstract
This paper examines the main theme of the book by Foucault which asks the questions: What is insanity? and who can judge it to be so? It shows how Foucault challenges the true definition of insanity, as the story's participants struggle to discover if this is the act of a reasonable and sane man or that of an unstable psychotic. Furthermore it looks at what punishment befits a man who commits such a crime.

From the Paper
"I have nothing but the highest regard for the challenge that Foucault throws to society. The message that he delivers is both stirring and provocative. His intention is to confront the status quo, and hoping society will find the answers in the chaos that ensues. However, in my opinion Foucault's reputation as a writer proceeds him, destroying my confidence in his work. He is known, for example, to use accounts that are not true. Crucial information has been purposely invented in order to further his own argument. This style not only ruins our faith in his message, but also crosses another dangerous line. Once an account, event, or character is artificially produced confusion is the only result. Reality and fantasy become blurred and the distinguishing lines of separation between the two are skewed. Consequently, two outcomes are likely. Either the audience will accept the entire account as true representation of the event, or the reader falls into the trap of disbelieving the truth while accepting the fabrications as authentic."

Tags:insanity, society, authentic, challenge

Abstract
This essay will construct a challenge to three novels for children with respect to their inherent biases: Paula Fox's "The Slave Dancer", Lynne Reid Banks' "The Indian in the Cupboard", and Rudyard Kipling's "How the Leopard Got his Spots". In constructing this challenge, I believe that it is important that I explain my own biases and how they influence my challenge. I would argue that it would be arrogant for educators or parents today to consider that we are without biases.

Abstract
The paper outlines the methodology of a study about UK High Street retailers and their ability to adapt to today's market conditions. A literature review that reveals the many challenges that exist for the UK High Street retailer is provided. The paper also discusses the findings of this study that branding factors alone will not ensure survival; it is innovation that will lead to success. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Results of Investigation and Reflection on Findings
Conclusion and Recommendations for Research

From the Paper
"The methodology of the study proposed herein will be of a qualitative nature and will involve an extensive review of literature in this area of study including but not limited to peer-reviewed academic and professional literature as well as market reports and analyses. This study will also conduct a survey through use of a questionnaire of UK High Street retailers which provides the opportunity for responses that will inform this study in regards to the methods that these retailers intend to use while market conditions are extremely challenging to manage the retail market."

Tags:branding, innovation, Internet