Abstract
This work attempts to describe various aspects of parents' coping styles with their developmentally challenged child, assuming that, with the help of therapeutic intervention, both the developmentally challenged child and the family system as a systematic unit, and, of course, each one of its members individually, will draw much benefit and gain the power to efficiently cope with their life.

Outline
The Birth of a Developmentally Challenged Child
Emotional Difficulties in the Family of the Developmentally Challenged
Child
Coping with Stressful Situations in the Family
Coping Theory According to Menushin's Family Therapy
The Structural Approach Therapeutic Conclusions
Family in Therapy
Generation of the Therapeutic System Therapeutic Intervention by Way of Therapeutic Group

From the Paper
"The crisis of change stems from the sudden change that occurred in the parents' perception of themselves, their family and their future. Each parent has plans for the new born. The expectations are broken when they receive the new that their child was born with mental deficiency and diminished capacity, and they are replaced with an attempt of the parents to rehabilitate their world in light of the sad news."

Tags:guilt, denial, protection, grief, deficiency, disability, handicapped, different, normal

Abstract
The paper examines the literature in order to justify the perspective that mentally challenged children benefit considerably more from inclusion than from isolation. The paper aims to show that if this mainstreaming is conducted with care, sensibility and a conception of individuality, it gives educators the best possible chance to help a specialized educational case. The paper comes to the conclusion that inclusive practice is not only a realistic goal but that it is one for which institutional foundations already exist.

Outline:
Topic and its Background
Focus
Strategy
Literature Review
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The inclusion of mentally challenged individuals in the general social, educational and occupational contexts which are welcoming to mainstream populations is a goal which appears to parallel the progressive orientation of our culture. Modern education shows evidence of the trend toward change, facilitating the increasing integration of individuals who are physically, emotionally or learning disabled into public and private schools. This trend has been a decidedly positive one, with legal, economic and educational strategies coming together to present an effective and productive change in the way that we contend with the educational needs of the mentally challenged. Inclusive practice, which submits that educational institutions should be considered responsible for helping to create accommodations for assimilating these students into mainstream population classroom settings and for providing them with the supportive differential instruction to succeed therein, presents a number of challenges and chances to educators with respect to special education needs."

Tags:mainstreaming, integration, instruction, curriculum

Abstract
The paper shows that when the Supreme Court ruled to ban the execution of mentally challenged criminals, the decision raised many ethical issues. It discusses the difficulty in the judge's ability in determining a person's mental stability and the need for an analysis of the ethical principles in defining and applying the issue of mental retardation in the judicial system.

From the Paper
"The ethical factors involved in handing down any death sentence are complex. This is especially true when the accused is a mentally challenged individual. In the American criminal justice system, the court must be assured that an accused individual is fully responsible for their actions in order to hold responsible for their crime. In other words, in order to prove guilt, we must know that the accused in fully aware of and responsible for their behavior."

Tags:Activists, death, penalty, Atkins, v., Virginia, IQ, tests, teleological

Abstract
The paper identifies some of the potential problems a company may have in hiring developmentally challenged workers, and makes recommendations for addressing those problems. It assesses corporate obligations under government regulations. The writer concludes that there is a place for handicapped workers in the business world, under certain conditions.

From the Paper
"When it comes to integrating, training, supervising and empowering the more developmentally disabled, one mistake that could easily be made is to separate them, and isolate them from the rest of the work force. It is important that company guidelines, an employee handbook of regulations, and a staff meeting resolve the problems when a developmentally disabled person is hired and assigned to a specific group or division. The goal must be to create an effective work environment. Yes, some supervision may initially require lengthier training and adjustment time, but the eventual goal of any company willing, able, even anxious to give developmentally challenged workers an opportunity is to create an atmosphere of "human value management". "Human value management can be described in one short phrase: create value through and with people." (Fitz-Enz, 1990, p. 45) It must be clearly understood by managers, supervisors, as well as "ordinary" workers, that developmentally challenged co-workers are not being given job opportunities merely out of charity. They are able and willing to contribute. They are not "dummies", perhaps only slower to learn and adapt. It is important to communicate to every worker that these people were hired because they can contribute, but may need some help in "getting up to speed". It would be a good idea for the Human Resources Department to appoint one staff member to meet with the developmentally challenged workers on a regular basis as a means of listening to their problems, trying to solve them, and to praise them for valuable contributions to the overall product or services output. More than others, these workers need reassurance and the knowledge that management cares about their feelings, their problems, and their accomplishments."

Tags:labor, regulations, disabled, disabilities, retarded

Abstract
This paper examines how Karl Marx challenged liberalism in works such as "The Communist Manifesto", in which he condemned capitalism and predicted that the exploited working classes of capitalistic societies would become alienated and overthrow the system of capitalism. The paper explains that Marx was convinced that once liberalism was discredited and capitalism was overthrown, there would be a brief period of rule by the dictatorship of the proletariat and then the classless society of communism would emerge. The paper also discusses how Marx believed that working class Germans should be the chief focus of his revolutionary efforts because the political consciousness of the proletariat in Germany was more developed than in any other country in Europe. The paper then examines liberalism and its impact on society, in order to fully analyze Marx's challenges to liberalism.

From the Paper
"Marx believed that many political, economic, and social changes would be necessary in the aftermath of a proletarian revolution, for in his view, the only way the proletariat could free itself from exploitation was to abolish capitalism. In achieving this goal, the proletariat would have to destroy every remnant of bourgeois liberal culture because this culture perpetuated their misery. Family, religion, the worship of personalities, morality, and the legal system would all have to be abolished. According to Marx, the result of this abolishment would be "an association in which the free development of each is the condition for the development of all.""

Tags:father, of, communism, capitalist, ethics

Abstract
Discusses the Court's use of the Eighth Amendment to ban the use of the death penalty for insane persons, the 1972 Furman vs. Georgia ruling, the Ford case of 1974, divisions on the Court, state court decisions, and the current death penalty.

From the Paper
"This research paper discusses the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court concerning the constitutionality of executing mentally challenged persons. Ever since the Court first applied the Eighth Amendment to ban the ..."

Abstract
This paper opposed the 2001 U.S. Supreme Court decision to prohibit capital developmental delay capital punishment for the mentally retarded. It objects to the Court leaving the States power to define who is mentally retarded, instead of looking at who is capable of standing trial.

From the Paper
"It was on Friday 2001 when the Supreme Court took the final decision of prohibiting or banning the capital punishment of the mentally retarded. There were around fifteen states out of the 38 states that excused the mentally retarded from its reach, as done by the federal government. While, on the other hand, the remaining thirty-eight states had permit death penalty (Wilson, 2002). However, lately a group of retired American diplomats insisted the Supreme Court to ban such executions in general, and argued that the lack of such a ban "will strain diplomatic relations with close American allies (Fournier, 2002)."

Tags:developmental, delay, capital, punishment, international, relations

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in today's global business environment, companies have unprecedented access to markets around the world. The writer points out that though there are many advantages to globalization, companies must be prepared for the challenges that it presents as well. The writer maintains that in order for a company to succeed in a global market, a company must develop and follow a carefully planned strategy. This involves three challenges that are associated with a global market: building customer loyalty, retaining intellectual property rights and securing information systems. This paper explores the importance of these top business challenges and suggests methods by which companies can overcome them.


Outline:
Introduction
Challenge 1: Building Customer Loyalty
Ways to Overcome Challenge 1
Challenge 2: Protecting Intellectual Property in a Global Environment
Ways to Overcome Challenge 2
Challenge 3 - Information Security Protection
Ways to Overcome Challenge 3
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The main goal of implementing a customer loyalty program is to prevent a company's existing customers from turning to its competition. The objective of any loyalty solution is to treat customers as if they are truly cared about and provide them with the products and services they seek at the right time and at the right place. With so many purchasing options, customers are savvy enough to detect a company with sub-par service and do not tolerate it."
"Every customer loyalty initiative should start on the front line with the customer service department, since they are in contact with customers on a daily basis. A business should employ a consistent customer service strategy that ensures that each customer receives a positive experience with the company. Customer service representatives must be empowered to not only answer inquiries and close sales, but to build customer relationships. To effectively create relationships with customers, representatives must be equipped with CRM databases to know the customer's history and provide the most relevant offer, have the authority to make business decisions in the best interest of the customer, and be enthusiastic to establish a genuine bond with the customer."

Tags:global, challenges, market, system, customer

Abstract
'Wide Sargasso Sea' by Jean Rhys and 'Pygmalion' by George Bernard Shaw are both excellent examples of this literary phenomenon of challenging audience assumptions about genre. The former is an example of prose fiction while the latter is an example of theatrical drama. While both possess many of the overarching, superficial characteristics of each genre, both Shaw and Rhys manipulated their work so as to challenge their respective audiences.

From the Paper
"Works that challenge our expectations are not nearly as common as some readers and critics might imagine. It is more difficult to challenge the basic presumptions of a given genre that one might think. After all, in order to even be considered part of a given genre, a piece of literature must conform to some of the standards that make up that genre. Prose fiction cannot comfortably be called prose fiction if it is written wholly in stanzas. That would break too many genre barriers for critics to easily be able to evaluate the work as a part of any genre. As a consequence, it takes an adept author to create a literary work that is recognizable as belonging to one genre or another and yet which simultaneously challenges the expectations of critics and readers alike. Nonetheless, this task can be accomplished."

Tags:genre, challenging, assumptions

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses why the space shuttle Challenger exploded. The writer maintains that the reasons behind the Challenger disaster include poor decision-making, ethical lapses and communication problems. This paper addresses these issues and makes recommendations.

From the Paper
"Why did the space shuttle Challenger explode? Many people assume it was because of poorly-functioning O rings on the booster rocket. However those O rings didn't send that ship up on a cold winter's morn. People did. When the space shuttle Challenger exploded, speculation about the cause of the disaster was frenzied. The last thing anyone wanted to believe was that the tragedy could be the result of willful human negligence. However, extensive evidence supporting ...."

Tags:Challenger, ethics, decision-making, tragedy, communication problems