Abstract
This paper asserts that, although more humane than the often inefficient hangings that caused death by strangulation, the electric chair is far from painless and instantaneous. In addition, the paper discusses several social implications of the implementation of the electric chair. To support these hypotheses, the means of execution prior to the electric chair are examined, as is the history of the electric chair itself.

Outline
Introduction
Means of Execution Prior to the Electric Chair
History of Electric Chair
Is the Electric Chair a More Humane Method of Execution?
Social Implications of the Electric Chair
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Prior to 1890, most state laws allowed for capital punishment, typically by hanging. "Execution by hanging was a grim, hands-on business. (...) It took a strong stomach indeed to wrap a noose around the condemned man, then let him drop through a gallows trapdoor to choke and gasp and swing until he died" (Blackwell). Due to the inexperience and ignorance of many hangmen, hangings often produced horrifyingly slow, strangulations death, and grisly decapitations ("The History") as opposed to the quick, breaking of the neck that the process was supposed to incur."

Tags:death, sentence, gallows

Abstract
This paper explores the use of the "empty chair" technique in gestalt therapy. The paper explains that this technique is useful as a focus tool. It is a chair placed in the therapist's office and is used to represent the place that a specific person holds in the client's therapy process. The client is asked to visualize that person sitting in the chair and interacting with the client through dialogue and decisions, thus helping the client to express his or her relationship with that person in a therapy setting. Often, the empty chair can be filled with symbols that hold significance to the person, such as a car or an emotion. This paper explores the background, use, and evidence-based literature on the empty chair technique.

From the Paper
"Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy in which the individual - the client - is guided through a centering process in which various aspects of his or her personality are addressed and encouraged to come into balance (Chan, Berven, & Thomas, 2004; Woldt & Toman, 2005). A core component of gestalt therapy is that the client is aware of his or her personality and experiences, and therefore the process of discovery that is found in most ..."

Tags:emotion, past, abuse, therapist

Abstract
This paper describes and examines Andy Warhol's "Electric Chair", a stark and interesting image of an electric chair. The paper speculates why Warhol uses such an image, what the meaning behind it is, and what emotions it relates to. The paper suggests that the artwork is possibly a sign of protest against the death penalty, and that it reflects the human fear of lonliness, the unknown, darkness and death. The paper ends on the note that the artwork evokes the disturbing issue that no one truly knows what happens after death.

From the Paper
"The image brings about several emotions. The emptiness and lack of human presence makes one feel completely isolated and alone. The dark colors and shadows bring a sense of fear. It makes you feel that death is near. Death is coming and it is unavoidable. Depending on how one interprets the art piece one might feel anger or a sense of justice. If one were to disagree with the death penalty then this image would bring a sense of anger. The electric chair would be seen as a tool for inhumane treatment and bring anger towards the government that allows its use."

Tags:modern, art, image, icon, death, fear, anxiety

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts two paintings with the same theme of the Madonna: "Madonna of the Chair" by Raphael Sanzio and "Madonna and Child" by Fra Filippo Lippi. The author describes each painting and compares both painters' use of different angles, light and colors. The paper comments that Raphael Sanzio's work represents a perfect mother-child relationship that is consistent with Christian ideals while "Madonna and Child", though a great piece of art in itself, lacks the same sort of comfort as the spatial differences in the painting seems more exaggerated and therefore the child does not convey the same sense of well-being.

From the Paper
"The painting the Madonna of the Chair is a famous work by Raphael Sanzio contains a very simple, yet rhythmic design that portrays those in the picture in a very soft manner. One significant aspect of this painting is the circular frame, which is used to emphasize the shapes that are use by the artist to make up the people. The mother's head and arms, as well as the body of the child, are also somewhat circular as they are in a u-shape. These u-shapes are also in lighter and brighter colors, which accentuate them to the viewer and also give these aspects a sense of unity."

Tags:christian art, paintings, italian painters

Abstract
This paper describes in detail the procedure for designing and constructing a spindle chair. The paper shows that many things didn't work as planned in the construction process and illustrates them. It also illustrates what went well with the designing and constructing process.

Table of Contents:

Cover Letter
Letter of Transmission (Preface)
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introductions
Article and Literature Review
Construction, Method and Problems Encountered
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"The type of wood that you use for making the spindles is also very important because grain structure also plays an important role in how strong the chair is. When building chairs there are three things that matter most importantly, strength is key because of all furniture the chair takes the most beating. People like to lean back and rock on the chair and you need to have confidence that the joints that you made will be strong enough to hold the abuse, and because I am making spindle chairs another thing to consider is the durability of each spindle and if put together will it make a sturdy chair."

Tags:ash, cherry, construction, walnut, wood

Abstract
In this paper, King proposes healthy and communicative responses to management strata relationships that were successful within his own experiences. According to the paper, King's view is that the use of dialogues and meetings is a crucial for efficient production, which invariably offers a revolving leadership system through his is symbolic usage of moving chairs. However, more studies should be done to evaluate the real effectiveness of this form of leadership before one should confront the authority of middle and upper management.

From the Paper
J. Timothy King provides an article that is based upon the "moving chairs" of leadership within a small sized corporate atmosphere. The first premise of leadership is many things go unnoticed, especially when communicating a change in management policy. King is often portraying himself in the article as a subordinate that has to work with upper management through a review based initiative that is often erroneous. However, King brings the moving chair element into communicating with his superiors within the review process, which ultimately has him influencing how policy is made within the company. In this manner, King is subjectively redefining the hierarchical role of worker/manager by breaking down barriers through communication and regular meetings. "

Tags:business, article, review

Abstract
This essay is a product description that covers the designer, historical context, social context, and design of a chair, the Cashier's Settle. The paper discusses how the original Cashier's Settle is an example of the Glasgow Style, a movement including a combination of influences including Art Nouveau; the Arts & Crafts movement in England, Scottish heritage and Japanese forms, all prevalent at the turn-of-the century in Scotland.

From the Paper
"The original Cashier's Settle is an example of the "Glasgow Style," a movement including a combination of influences including Art Nouveau; the Art's & Crafts movement in England, Scottish heritage and Japanese forms, all prevalent at the turn-of-the century in Scotland. It was designed and built on commission for a successful tea house in Glasgow in approximately in 1904 and represents an influential part of Mackintosh's "total design" of the Willow Tea Rooms including furniture, light fittings, wall dressing, cutlery and even uniforms. The design also represents the emergence of a movement that would combine both interior and architectural elements."

Tags:mackintosh, glasgow, chair

Abstract
This paper reviews the work of designer Charles Eames, focusing specifically on the Eames chair. The Eames chair is a relatively late modernist design that has become ubiquitous in offices, schools and many homes. This paper further discusses how this design has been an influence on the development of other furnishings expressing the same aesthetics and using many of the same materials and methods.

From the Paper
"The modernist era extends from the 1920s to about the 1960s, with some dispute over when post-modernism begins and even what it entails. Modernism was an aesthetic development that became a movement once it was noticed and then deliberately practiced. Prior to that, Modernism began as part of an effort to create a new environment to replace the old around the beginning of the twentieth century, following in the wake of similar changes in political, social, literary, and other spheres of society. Modernism developed into a movement and by the 1920s was a conscious artistic expression manifested in painting, sculpture, drama, architecture, and design. "

Tags:charles, ray, eames

Abstract
The paper examines Karen Findlay's "The Eyes of Condoleezza Rice", an explicitly political work of art that grapples with the morality of the war in Iraq. The paper then examines Pearl C. Hsiung's "Saint Perpetuum" that also takes on the political issue of war from an anti-war perspective, but in a far less explicitly personal manner. Finally, the paper examines Andy Warhol's "Electric Chair," that reflects upon the violence in the American penal system and may be the most frightening image of all.

From the Paper
"Karen Findlay's "The Eyes of Condoleezza Rice" is an explicitly political work of art that grapples with one of the most divisive issues of our age: the morality of the war in Iraq. Findlay, as an artist, clearly comes out as against the war, but the actual meaning of her anti-war painting is far more subtle and nuanced in its visual impact. It shows the ability for visual art to provoke questions about an issue, rather than to merely incite debate like a verbal work of art, such as a novel, editorial, or even a film."

Tags:death, penalty, Iraq, war

From the Paper
"A Brief Analysis of the History of the Federal Reserve System from 1967 to 1997

When the Federal Reserve Act was created just past the turn of the century, the intent was to grant the Fed only one basic tool of monetary policy, the control of discount loans to member banks (Mishkin 1997). These powers were broadened during the Great Depression when the Board of Governors was given the authority to control the Reserve Funds (Mishkin 1997). From 1960 on, the Federal Reserve has assumed even greater powers, and the accrual of these powers is attributed to the man who has directed it for almost 10 years, Allen Greenspan.

A Quick Look at the Fed
The Federal Reserve Bank is a strange governmental creature ..."