Abstract This paper outlines its political history. The author addresses some of the current problems facing Chad. The paper points out how the geography of the country impacts its development.
Abstract This paper describes how refugees living in refugee camps experience many physical and emotional problems. The paper describes the terrible conditions in the refugee camps in Sudan and Chad as well as the better situation in refugee camps in Lebanon. The paper relates that Amnesty International is raising awareness to help the people suffering in Sudan and Chad.
From the Paper "Refugees arriving at camps are going through and experiencing many problems usually physically as well as mentally. Many come wounded and starving to death. Many are experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder, or depression. A person like this is especially at risk when you place them in a new environment and a different lifestyle. Refugees are at a very high risk of committing suicide because of there chaotic lives. This is why it is very important that the refugees receive the medical care they need when arriving at a camp. Without the proper treatment these people are at a high risk."
Examines geopolitical effects & implications of 1972-1988 occupation of Aozou strip. Historical origins of strife in Chad; civil wars. Libya's strategic & religious interests. French aid.
6,975 words (approx. 27.9 pages), 29 sources, 2001, $ 135.95
From the Paper " This research paper examines the geopolitical effects and implications of the intervention by Libya in Chad in the 1970s and 1980s and its occupation of the Aozou strip.
Between 1965 and 1988, ethnic and religious strife and accompanying internal struggles led to the collapse of the post-colonial order in Chad and created a power vacuum in this central trans-Sahara region. This eventually led to the involvement of Libya in the affairs of Chad in furtherance of the strategic and other foreign policy aims of the radical revolutionary but oil-rich regime in Libya led by the mercurial Colonel Moammar Qaddafi. Libyan support for dissident Chadian warlords and competing factions rapidly grew into more overt and massive intervention by Libya, including its seizure of the.."
Abstract The paper begins by tracing the origin and development of colonialism throughout Africa. It continues with a colonial history of Chad. Following this historical outline, the paper explores the effects of colonialism on this African country. The paper follows this form (of giving a historical outline and then exploring the effects of colonialism on the country) when discussing Nigeria and Angola. The paper also includes a comparison of the three countries in terms of the political, economic and national consequences of colonialism.
From the Paper "Colonialism by stronger nations has been a part of history for thousands of years. The Romans practiced colonialism in ancient times, and the practice was exceedingly common in the 19th century. European nations tried to add to their power and prestige by adding to their cache of land, especially in Africa, where countries were ripe for the taking. "This colonial frenzy in the last twenty years of the nineteenth century saw all but 10 percent of the African continent colonized in a complex mix of political, economic, strategic, cultural, and religious rationales" (Wright 13)."
Abstract This paper briefly summarizes the main events of this story and discusses the main characters. Lambert Strether is an "ambassador" from Puritanical Woollett, Massachusetts, who travels to Paris to learn of the relationship between young Chad Newsome and an unknown woman. Chad's mother, Mrs. Newsome, has commissioned him to find out more about her son in the wild Paris scene. Mrs. Newsome represents the highly strict mores of New England, and Chad, the new freedom of Paris.
From the Paper "Mrs. Newsome wants her son to come home, to take over his business opportunities and find a respectable marriage: indeed, ?in triumph as a kind of wedding present to mother.? Here begin mixed motives, for Mrs. Newsome has indicated that she will express her gratitude by marrying Strether if he succeeds. There will be financial stability for all involved, and Strether ignores the fact that he is not a fianc? -- he is an employee.
Strether is the main character in ?The Ambassadors,? and the character discussed. We have several questions to answer about Strether's time in Paris, including: What does Strether learn in Paris? How does he learn it? From whom does he learn it? And what effect does what he learns have on him?"
Tags: paris, lesson, ambassador, story, novel, short
Analysis of human rights & religious violations & corruption in modern day Africa. Chad, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Africa, Namibia, Rwanda. Interclan politics, genocide. Response of international community.
7,425 words (approx. 29.7 pages), 37 sources, 2001, $ 135.95
From the Paper "Human rights violations and political corruption have gone hand-in-hand in Africa for many, many years. Both have become commonplace in Africa's pre- and post-independence history. Governments have resorted to mass arrests, detention without trial, and the ill-treatment (as well as the genocidal murder) of citizens (Kelso, 1994). Abuse and corruption, the latter characterized by the enrichment of self-designated elites who often pocket funds destined for development and humanitarian programs of vital importance, are seemingly endemic and self-perpetuating throughout much of modern-day Africa."
Abstract This paper examines Chad-born director Mahamat-Saleh Haroun's 1999 docu-fiction "Bye Bye Africa" which allows the audience to see into modern-day North-Central Africa, revealing and commenting on its complex social, political and cultural issues. It discusses how more importantly than serving as a voyeuristic peek into the world of the Other for curious European audiences, "Bye Bye Africa" effectively gives a voice to Black Africans themselves, a people virtually voiceless in the dominant media. It analyzes how the film achieves this counter-normative goal through providing a succinct history of Black African cinema and the ideological/theoretical/ cultural debates much of it is based upon, followed by a close reading of the film itself through the philosophical lens this historical overview provides.
From the Paper "Another way in which African cinema often wholly breaks dominant conventions is in the realm of language, by making use of native African language. This is a liberating change from most European depictions of Third World cultures, where ?[t]he languages spoken by Third World peoples are often reduced to an incomprehensible jumble of background murmurs, while major "native" characters are inconsistently obliged to meet the colonizer on the colonizer's linguistic turn? (Stam and Spence 240). Unfortunately in the case of Bye Bye Africa, language is one of the few aspects in which it supports the prevailing ideology: in its heavy use of the French language."
Abstract This paper explores the various nations of Africa, including Ghana, Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Uganda, Ethiopia, and others. The paper looks at the significant events that shaped some of their histories, as well as the political and economic consequences of these events.
Contents
Introduction
Africa's Post-Independent State
Egypt's Struggle for Independence
Political Struggles in Africa
Shifting to Democracy
Conclusion
From the Paper "There are many reasons for Africa's current state of political instability. For one, continuous rivalry between tribal units is a constant source of disunity (Cooper, 2002). For most of the 19th and early 20th century Africa had lived under colonial rule of the Europeans. Because the European leaders left Africa immediately after it gained independence, many African leaders are relatively inexperienced. Also, many leaders are greedy, corrupt and act entirely based on self-interest. Basically, because multi-party rule encouraged ethnic conflict, one party controlled most African states. This has largely contributed to Africa's political instability."
Abstract In 1974, Sir Roy Strong, the director of the Victoria and Albert Museum at the time, felt there were enough significant objects relating to the history of childhood within the Victoria and Albert Museum to devote an entirely separate museum to this subject. Since then, the V&A childhood collection has been housed at Bethnal Green and has developed and grown in status to become a collection of national and international significance. Using the documentation available in the Museum of Childhood archives, the author of this paper has produced a comprehensive report on the most popular and influential games displayed at the museum. The paper shows that games were not just a leisure activity arbitrarily serving as a means of passing time. Many times, they are used to teach morals, histories, and religions, and are always a reflection of the culture that surrounds them.
From the Paper "Because of the gambling character inherent in many games played with a normal deck of cards, such as Poker or Bridge, children's card games were often specifically designed to look different by the addition of pictures or words. In Europe, card games have been documented since about 1370. Card games for children are often fast-moving, enjoyable and easy to learn. Most could be played with a standard deck as well, but often cards for children have an educational theme, with designs based on almost any subject, from fairy tales to maths."
Tags: Monopoly, Chad, Valley, Company, Jigsaw, puzzles
Abstract This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of e-voting, or voting through ATM-like electronic terminals. It looks at the pros and cons of the election process moving into an electronic age and away from the "hanging chads." The writer also examines issues of security, such as hacking and vote count integrity.
From the Paper "The 2000 Presidential election and the fiasco in Florida's vote count were just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to voting in America. Today, voters are faced with more than punch cards. They are faced with "e-voting." What is e-voting? E-voting is a more practical way of voting by using electronic touch-screens or optical-scanning systems that record the vote when a voter touches the screen, clicks a mouse, or marks a ballot than can be optically scanned. The systems work electronically, and votes should be tallied almost instantaneously. The machines automatically show each office or item on the ballot as the voter enters their vote, and "If a voter makes a mistake, such as selecting two candidates for the same office, the computer points out this error and allows the voter to correct it" (Bonsor). These machines eliminate the inefficiencies of punch card and manual voting, and they are quicker for voters to use, so polling places can handle more voters in less time. In addition, they bring voting to many more people, including the blind and non-English speakers, for there are screens that talk back and screens in other languages."
This paper analyses the internal and external influences of the FLN on Algeria's history during the late twentieth century, focusing on political and economical factors and the key questions of Islam and 'democracy'.
Abstract This paper explains that the FLN metamorphosed from a military force to a constructed symbolical emblem of the state and the process of nation-building, emblematic of the wider structural characteristics of Algerian 'nation-building'. The author points out that FLN's 'rise' can be characterised as a product of the extreme tactics of the French, which drove even the formerly moderate members of the MTLD into the arms of the FLN; and this brutality of French methods gave encouragement to the radical wing within the FLN. The paper relates that the 'fall' of the FLN represented a continuation of the tendency to use it as a smokescreen to hide the rivalries and machinations of political leaders, a result of structural problems within the heart of the Algerian regime, not a clash of absolutes between a popular Islam and a secular state, which caused the upheaval.
From the Paper "Not being able to determine the direction of French politics, the FLN was least of all able to rectify its own weaknesses and divisions. Ruedy shows that the FLN had a surprisingly narrow basis of popular support. The growing determination of radical elements within the FLN, and the intensification of the conflict overall, meant that independence was only attained after much civil strife as well. The FLN punished Algerians who compromised with the French, even those who simply paid taxes. The tactics of the internal leadership after the Soummam Congress also served to distance them from the plight of the peasants within the agricultural interior."
Tags: boumediene, chadli, democracy, fundamentalism, history
Abstract This paper uses the Kenneth Burke Pentad approach to analyze the speeches of Vice President Al Gore when he conceded the 2000 presidential election and President George W. Bush when he declared victory. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the contentious nature of the 2000 elections, culminating in the courtroom drama over the recount in Florida. Next, the paper provides a detailed explanation and overview of Burke's pentad approach to communication, which the paper then applies to the two speeches. The paper concludes that while reflected differently, the speeches had essentially the same message: the process is bigger than the person.
I. Introduction
II. Introduction to Kenneth Burke's
Pentad Theory of Persuasive Communication
III. How Ratio Leads to Motive
IV. Perfection
V. The Pentad of the Speeches
1. Gore's Concession
2. Bush's Victory Speech
A. The Act
B. The Scene
C. The Agents
D. The Agency
E. Purpose
VI. Ratio
A. Gore's Ratio
B. Bush's Ratio
VII. Gore's Motive
VIII. Bush's Motive
IX. Perfection
X. Conclusion
From the Paper "December 13, 2000 concluded a Presidential Election unlike any that proceeded it. The date marked the concession of Vice President Al Gore, to future president George W. Bush. It was the closest United States Presidential Election of all time, and it concluded in the Supreme Court of the United States. The decision of that court would ultimately place the most powerful political position in the world, the Presidency of the United States, to George W. Bush, the governor of Texas. The election was filled with controversy, including an apparent flawed system of voting, a state, Florida, responsible for deciding the election, that was run by the to be President's younger brother, and a mere count of 300 votes that would change the future forever."
Abstract This paper examines the film, "Fight Club", (David Fincher), based upon the book with the same title by Chuck Palahniuk. The paper examines how the main character, Edward Norton, unwittingly creates for himself an alter ego in the form of Tyler Durden. Tyler is everything that Ed is afraid of being but wishes desperately to become. This eventually happens, with catastrophic consequences. The paper shows, however, that the question is what exactly Ed was searching for, why he created Tyler, and whether he was eventually successful in his psychological journey.
From the Paper "Fincher for example suggests that the film depicts the self-destructive nature of caring for others. Caring for others, according to Fincher, requires the destruction of the self's most vital part, which is what happens to Norton. I however do not entirely agree with this assessment. Norton does care for others in the film, but only briefly during his support group phase. Caring for others is not his primary goal. The primary theme of the film is Edward's journey towards finding the truth in himself that cannot be touched by the superficial paradigms of society."
This paper examines the goals and accomplishments of Oxfam International, an independent non-government organization, dedicated to fighting poverty and related injustices around the world.
Abstract This paper details the history and organizational structure of Oxfam International, founded in 1995 by a group of independent non-government organizations that banded together to achieve a greater impact in reducing poverty through their collective efforts. This paper delves into Oxfam's rebuilding efforts in Asia, after the 2005 tsunami disaster, in which the organization raised over $200 million, to provide long term relief to the affected countries. This paper details the efforts and accomplishments of Oxfam International in Nigeria, where the organization has made tremendous progress in the region, fighting slavery and discrimination. This paper discusses Oxfam's work in war-torn Sudan, where they have been helping more than 700,000 individuals in Darfur and Chad. This paper examines Oxfam's Make Trade Fair project, which calls on governments, institutions and multinational companies around the world to come together and form new trade practices, in order to combat global poverty. This paper also details the four main goals of non-governmental organizations, such as Oxfam, which include, setting agendas and negotiating outcomes, by means of research and lobbying in humanitarian and emergency situations.
Table of Contents:
Mission Statement
Organizational Structure
Recent Projects
Rebuilding After the Tsunami
Fighting Slavery and Discrimination in Nigeria
Sudan Crisis
Make Trade Fair
Four Roles of NGOs
Media Reports
Analysis
From the Paper "Since the massive earthquake and tsunami disaster in Asia, Oxfam's humanitarian and reconstruction efforts through its 12 Oxfams around the world jointly raised approximately $200 million and now put to use in providing mid-and long-term relief in the affected countries and in helping the people is these countries rebuild their lives. The funding is to provide immediate water and sanitation, food and shelter in those regions affected by the tsunami. Oxfam continues to build temporary shelters, install water tanks, and provide emergency supplies like hygiene kits. Oxfam does this in collaboration with the governments of those countries, other non-governmental organizations and partners."
Tags: charitable, aid, global, poverty, tsunami, asia, trade, non, government
Abstract This paper discusses certain business decisions made by Exxon and their impact on other businesses. It describes the background to each instance of unethical corporate conduct on the part of Exxon. It discusses the ethical considerations that evolved from these instances and the addition of new regulations that the industry has seen in response to the Exxon incidents.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Business Impact of Exxon and Ethical Considerations
Introduction
Grand Bois, Louisiana Overview
Analysis of the Factors that Led to Grand Bois
Exxon Valdez Analysis
Exxon's Pipeline from Chad to the Atlantic
Industry Specific Impact of Exxon's Ethical Dilemmas
Business Impacts of Exxon's Ethical Dilemmas
Recommendations for Future Research
Discussion
From the Paper "And lastly, the effects of businesses in general seem to be mostly in agreement by the authors. An increased need for social responsibility has been inflicted on businesses, due to the Exxon incidents. Situational ethics is no longer acceptable to society, and instead, a common morality is mandated. And, although Bowen and Power (1993) did not name the decision to reduce personnel onboard the Valdez as ethically critical decision, they do agree with the other researchers in the need for Exxon, and businesses in general, to consider the ethical implications of their proposed actions prior to thinking profit, and that by focusing on doing 'right' the financial rewards will then follow."
