From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the history of the Chinese family from the time of the late Han dynasty (approximately 200 A.D.) to the early Ch'ing dynasty (approximately 1700). During this long period, there was very little change in the role and structure of the Chinese family. In terms of structure, the extended family was the preferred unit because it increased the strength and stability of the family group. Over time, this idea was expanded until clans and lineages became predominant elements in Chinese society. Other structural elements in the traditional Chinese family centered around authoritarian values, such as male dominance and respect for the elderly. One of the major roles of the family during this time was to help provide a secure basis for social order. In addition, the family was important because it provided purpose and meaning in the life of the individual."

Abstract
This paper examines the role of western imperialist countries in China and the different types of imperialism they tried to impose. The role of treaty ports are looked at, as are the major events in the imperialist period, such as the Opium Wars, the Treaty of Nanking, and the Silver Purchasing Act. It also pays particular attention to the role of the U.S., Russia and Japan in Chinese imperialist affairs. The modernisation process itself is looked at and also the reaction of the Chinese populace and the Ch'ing dynasty.

From the Paper
"At the start of the imperialist period, the British motive for 'opening up' trade in China was driven by the desire and the need to be the dominant military and economic power in the world in order to secure its world hegemony, and in particular its economic hegemony. Britain wanted to 'open up' China "to ensure that India had the means of meeting her financial obligations to Britain, and to this end, markets were sought for Indian as well as for British exports" , in China and in other parts of the Far East, such as Burma and Malaysia. Other powers, however, such as Japan and Russia whilst wanting to open China up for the benefits which it potentially held for them in terms of trade, were also driven by a certain strategic element in their thinking. "

Tags:Silver, Purchasing, Act, Opium, Wars, Treaty, of, Nanking, Ch'ing, Dynasty, Treaty, PortsTientsip

Abstract
The paper is an account of the Chinese revolution including Sun Yat-Sen, the Ch'ing Dynasty, the Wen Zi Yu laws , the Confucius way of thinking, and a biography of Lu Xun himself. It discusses how Lu Xun was able to capture the essence of the Chinese people during the revolutionary times. It also details the significance of Ah Q's name and its significance to the story. A major point that is made in this paper is how fictional Ah Q is a representation of Lu Xun's world, and how he represents the common man by giving many examples. It also demonstrates how Lu Xun's characters in "The True Story of Ah Q" represent the resistance and the promotion of the changes that were taking place in China during their revolution.

From the Paper
"The last dynasty to ever rule in China was the Qing/Ch'ing Dynasty. This particular dynasty was very corrupt and did not meet the needs of its countrymen and women. "The Ch'ing dynasty was established by the Manchus, who invaded China and captured Beijing in 1644, and lasted until 1911. The term Ch'ing means "pure," and it was used to add legitimacy to an alien rule" (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001). It is ironic to see that the term Ch'ing means 'pure', because it was anything but pure. The Ch'ing dynasty had kept its people oppressed by not responding to their everyday needs. Literature was even under attack when the Wen Zi Yu laws went into effect. The Wen Zi Yu laws outlawed anybody to write anything against the government, and it also let the government control what was acceptable and what was unacceptable (Wikipedia Encyclopedia : online source). "

Tags:ah, ch, chao, confucianism, dynasty, freedom, liberation, lu, q, qing, ren, republic, sen, sun, wen, xun, yat, yu, zi

Abstract
The paper discusses how for a brief time in the latter half of the 19th century, there was a huge increase in communications and cordial relations between Great Britain and China. However, this had nothing to do with friendship, or any kind of warm relationships. The paper explains that on the side of China, diplomacy seemed the wisest course of action for the faltering Ch'ing dynasty. On the British side, diplomacy was pursued purely in the interests of commerce. These two assertions can clearly be shown by examining relations between the two countries during the time period 1860 to 1864.

Tags:china, britain, 1860s

Abstract
This paper offers a personal view why it is theoretically preferable to be Da Chen, writer and survivor of Mao's China than K'ang-hsi, Second Emperor of the Ch'ing Dynasty of China. Mainly, this paper argues that it is more or less impossible to control a nation in an inter-connected world and it is even harder to control the world in a time and place wherein democratic principles are ascendant.

From the Paper
" As someone who has been fortunate enough to study Chinese history, I feel qualified to offer my views vis-a-vis whether I would prefer to be K'ang-hsi, Second Emperor of the Ch'ing Dynasty of China or Da Chen, writer and survivor of Mao's China and (maybe) a future resident of twenty-first century China. Essentially, I am a positive person and I believe that the future is bright for China; that was not necessarily the case in the 1960s and 1970s when Da Chen was growing up under the yoke of Mao. Be that as it may, I believe that I would much rather be a young person living in twenty-first century China and looking forward to the challenges and expectations of a bright future than to be a potentate in the seventeenth century."

Tags:china, comparison, people

Abstract
This paper compares three plays: "Rain on the Hsiao-hsiang" by Yang Hsien-chih, "The Mo-Ho-Lo Doll" by Meng Han-ch'ing and "The Lute" by Kao Ming. It explores the advantages of allowing officials to freely exercise their power. The writer asserts that the most important way in which this freedom can benefit the citizens is the ability to make judicial decisions based on the specific situation.

From the Paper
"The power of officials to overcome the corrupt officialdom of others is shown in The Mo-Ho-Lo Doll. Chang Ting is able to use his influence with the Prefect to overturn the unjust ruling of the 1st judge. He was able to uncover the truth that had been obscured by the poor job of investigation that the 1st judge had done to discover the killer of Li Te-Ch'ang. In the Prefect's opening introduction he says: "Now this area of Honan Fu is suffering under corrupt officialdom which has been snaring and harming citizens in every fashion. His Sage Presence appointed me Special Prefect here. I am to root out all evil and sustain justice; armed with the "sword of authority and the seal of power"". By exercising this symbolic "sword of authority and the seal of power", the Prefect was able to correct the injustice done by the previous judge."

Tags:officials, corruption, China, citizens, conviction, dishonesty, poor

Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes Ch'en Tu-hsiu's "Call to Youth" which was written in the pre-Communist era in China. The paper further shows the historical context in which this work was created, citing how in the Western world, war was raging between the great powers. Additionally, China was confronting the reality of the West, which was putting enormous pressure on China. The paper concludes by stating that at this time, China did not have its traditional strength to fall back on, that is, the philosophical tenets of Confucianism.

From the Paper
"Ch'en Tu-hsiu's "Call to Youth" was written in 1915, which was the pre-Communist era in China. In the Western world, war was raging between the great powers. China was confronting the reality of the West - a reality it had tried to ignore for a very long time. This was putting enormous pressure on China: how could it hope to compete with the West, or hold its own against an alien and technologically advanced civilization? Moreover, China did not have its traditional strength to fall back on, that is, the philosophical tenets of Confucianism. For so long, these tenets had provided a firm bed rock on which to rest. Now that these were..."

Tags:youth, china, 1915

Abstract
This paper reviews the book "The Dog Meat General" , which is a biography of Chang Tsung-ch-ang, a brutal military commander in China during the 1800s. According to the paper, this biography of Chang was written by Lin Yu-Tang in the 1940's and offers a bizarre and almost light hearted examination of brutal murders and heavy taxation on the Chinese people as a consequence. The paper summarizes the main arguments presented in the article and discusses the impact of the biography.

From the Paper
"Lin Yu-Tang presents an account of the brutal Chinese governor and army commander Chang Tsung-ch-ang, in his article titled `The Dog-Meat General'. The biography of Chang was written in the 1940s during a time when China was still in transition. The author presented this biography of Chang in his anthology titled `With Love and Iriony'. The biography is written in an almost light hearted tone and awe of the accomplishments that Change was able to achieve despite the brutal murders that occurred at his hands. This tone is most likely used because at the time that the biography was written China was still struggling for independence, and..."

Tags:china, 1800s, military