Abstract
This paper examines how the study of art of the dynasties up to and through the Mongol Yuan dynasties involves the blending of art from the prior dynasties into the Yuan.
Outline
Thesis Statement
The By the Artist Approach
Ch'ien Hsuan

From the Paper
"Cahill suggests in his writings, both the work cited and other volumes of his body of works, that perhaps the easiest manner for the Westerner to understand the full significance of Chinese Art through the Yuan dynasties is by the study of several of the artists of the periods involved. This therefore gives one a truer picture of what precisely the circumstances, pressures, social effects and other factors during the time of any given work's preparation. This becomes a vital key to the understanding of the whole scope, and a very large scope it is indeed, of this vast period of World history. A history too many Westerners know very little about and because of the circumstances now existing in China and Taiwan even the Chinese literate are beginning to loose sight of in their headlong rush into globalization. "

Tags:mongol, ch'ien, hsuan

From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the history of the Chinese family from the time of the late Han dynasty (approximately 200 A.D.) to the early Ch'ing dynasty (approximately 1700). During this long period, there was very little change in the role and structure of the Chinese family. In terms of structure, the extended family was the preferred unit because it increased the strength and stability of the family group. Over time, this idea was expanded until clans and lineages became predominant elements in Chinese society. Other structural elements in the traditional Chinese family centered around authoritarian values, such as male dominance and respect for the elderly. One of the major roles of the family during this time was to help provide a secure basis for social order. In addition, the family was important because it provided purpose and meaning in the life of the individual."

Abstract
"How to Be Rid of a Rival" is a story of a naive woman, pursued for marriage by an already married man. The cunning first wife, although living in a society where women are powerless, expresses her dissatisfaction when she learns of the second wife. With revenge as her only motivation, her use of public humiliation, bribery and lies eventually drive the second wife to suicide. Recurring themes of Taoism, importance of family and the supernatural echo throughout this book.

From the Paper
"The death of the grandfather raises issues of religious practice and mysticism, as his death is attributed first to Taoist beliefs and practices, because the old man swallows gold and uses sulphide of mercury to poison himself. Taoism is a Chinese doctrine that made up for the lack of attention given religion by Confucius. Perfection is achieved by the mystic who is able to see the greater truth. Perfection means the loss of self in the trace state that allows conjunction between the individual and the universal. The one to which this perfection aspires is Tao, or the total spontaneity of all things. Te is the virtue or morality of the Confucians, and for the Taoist this is the Tao inherent in anything. It is the object's power. Tao is the way and te is its power, and these are the fundamental conceptions of Taoism. When one can become one with Tao, life and death no longer matter and perfection is achieved as one becomes unrestricted by time and space. Taoism did not mention gods or saints but emphasized how perfection could be achieved by all adherents. The actions of the old man have the aura of outlawed mysticism, and the response to the old man's death includes seizing the Taoist priests who influenced him."

Tags:literature, history, religion, culture, women

Abstract
The paper relates that Ch'an Buddhism was a sect of Buddhism that emerged in the eighth century and become one of the most enduring sects. The paper discusses how it was Huineng's great achievements to found this sect. The paper relates that Huineng was a semi-barbarian, an illiterate peasant who became a Cantonese monk, and then went on to found Ch'an Buddhism in about 700 (Gernet).

From the Paper
"Ch'an Buddhism was a sect of Buddhism that emerged in the eighth century and become one of the most enduring sects. It was Huineng's great achievements to found this sect. Huineng was a semi-barbarian, an illiterate peasant who became a Cantonese monk, and then went on to found Ch'an Buddhism in about 700 (Gernet). Huineng lived from 638 to 713 CE. Depstie his svery humble beginnings, he left a profound influence on the..."

Tags:buddhism, huineng, china

Abstract
This paper reviews the book "The Dog Meat General" , which is a biography of Chang Tsung-ch-ang, a brutal military commander in China during the 1800s. According to the paper, this biography of Chang was written by Lin Yu-Tang in the 1940's and offers a bizarre and almost light hearted examination of brutal murders and heavy taxation on the Chinese people as a consequence. The paper summarizes the main arguments presented in the article and discusses the impact of the biography.

From the Paper
"Lin Yu-Tang presents an account of the brutal Chinese governor and army commander Chang Tsung-ch-ang, in his article titled `The Dog-Meat General'. The biography of Chang was written in the 1940s during a time when China was still in transition. The author presented this biography of Chang in his anthology titled `With Love and Iriony'. The biography is written in an almost light hearted tone and awe of the accomplishments that Change was able to achieve despite the brutal murders that occurred at his hands. This tone is most likely used because at the time that the biography was written China was still struggling for independence, and..."

Tags:china, 1800s, military

Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes Ch'en Tu-hsiu's "Call to Youth" which was written in the pre-Communist era in China. The paper further shows the historical context in which this work was created, citing how in the Western world, war was raging between the great powers. Additionally, China was confronting the reality of the West, which was putting enormous pressure on China. The paper concludes by stating that at this time, China did not have its traditional strength to fall back on, that is, the philosophical tenets of Confucianism.

From the Paper
"Ch'en Tu-hsiu's "Call to Youth" was written in 1915, which was the pre-Communist era in China. In the Western world, war was raging between the great powers. China was confronting the reality of the West - a reality it had tried to ignore for a very long time. This was putting enormous pressure on China: how could it hope to compete with the West, or hold its own against an alien and technologically advanced civilization? Moreover, China did not have its traditional strength to fall back on, that is, the philosophical tenets of Confucianism. For so long, these tenets had provided a firm bed rock on which to rest. Now that these were..."

Tags:youth, china, 1915

From the Paper
"The Chinese Revolution was a massive shift in social, political, cultural, and economic thinking and in the institutions of Chinese society. The Revolution was led by Mao Tse-Tung and his followers and took place in stages, putting certain Marxist and Leninist conceptions into practice in China and involving both a violent overthrow of the existing government and the long process of transforming Chinese society into a socialist enterprise. Different writers have examined these changes and the role of Mao in effecting them. Stuart Schram in Mao Tse-Tung (1966) examines the issue in terms of the man - his life, his education, his thinking, and how his view of the world was formed and would motivate his actions. Jerome Ch'.n in Mao and the Chinese revolution (1965) also considers the Revolution in terms of Mao and the development of his thinking, but he gives much more..."

Tags:CHINA

From the Paper
"I. Basic Entry Decisions
a. Which markets
This is actually a dual decision, based on the necessity of narrowing the focus. Not only must the market be selected, but the type of software for that market. The market selected in Brazil, and the point of entry in that nation is Sao Paolo. And the software chosen is DataPoint, a software designed to enable businesses to quickly modify company Internet sites into Intranet sites and Extranet sites.
We will examine the reasons for choosing Brazil first.
Brazil's GDP is the tenth largest in the world (1999 ext. $643 billion) and it has a population of 156 million. A founding member of Mercosur, Brazil also has an average per capita GDP of $4,823 and an .."

Tags:LATIN, AMERICA

Abstract
This paper looks at both the physical and the cultural history of the wall, demonstrating how it has meant different things to different dynasties of Chinese lives, not only reflecting what it is that the Chinese believe themselves to be but also shaping what it is that they have become.

From the paper:

?The Great Wall remains a powerful symbol of China's national tradition and historical continuity. And yet it is important to understand that it is in many ways the product of an historical myth ? like Washington?s wooden teeth. It is probably true that all people tell stories about themselves as a way of creating a sense of both national identity and national pride and there is nothing wrong with this ? so long as we recognize the fact that we are dealing with myth and not with history.?

Tags:Ming, dynasty, nomadic, emperor, annexation, Meng, T'ien, Ch'in, Yen, Chao