Abstract
The paper explains that in chemical company DuPont's argument against the cessation of producing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), came the argument that banning CFCs for the sake of future generations was to compromise the well-being of existing humans', whose right were the ones that matter. The paper explores whether DuPont was being unethical in its hesitation to cease production of CFC-production immediately, as soon as the raw data arrived. The writer argues that no, this big company was in the right to demand corroberating evidence from the scientific community; initially there was simply too much at stake to base a global market shift on a few unrepeated scientific studies. The paper asserts that the scientific community had a responsibility to provide more hard evidence force DuPont to cease the production of CFC-emitting chemical products, however, that being the case, it was wrong for DuPont to infer that future generations have no rights.

From the Paper
"In chemical company DuPont's argument against the cessation of producing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), came the argument that banning CFCs for the sake of future generations was to compromise the well-being of existing humans', whose right were the ones that matter. Was DuPont being unethical in its hesitation to cease production of CFC-production immediately, as soon as the raw data arrived? I will argue no, that this big company was in the right to demand cooberating evidence from the scientific community. Initially there was simply too much at stake to base a global market shift on a few unrepeated scientific studies. The scientific community had a responsibility to provide more..."

Tags:dupont, cfc, ethics

Abstract
This paper looks at the discovery of the effects of CFCs on ozone, and discovery of the ozone hole over the Antarctic. It examines the chemistry of CFCs, ozone and ozone depletion in detail.

From the Paper
"When refrigerators were first introduced in the early ... s they used toxic gases as coolants and leaks caused a number of fatal accidents. (Healing) This led an Ohio chemist Thomas Midgley to introduce a family of non-toxic, highly stable refrigerant gases known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in and his invention was hailed as a miracle as no one suspected the harmful effect these refrigerants would have on the environment. Industry found a range of uses for CFCs. A CFC named Freon was..."

Tags:CFCs, ozone depletion, ozone hole, Antarctic

Abstract
This is a paper that refutes the statement that the ban on CFC's may mean that billions of people won't be able to have refrigerators and millions may die of food poisoning.

Abstract
The paper looks at how Ian Brown, in "The Boy in the Moon," paraphrases the assessment of his son - with a radical disability caused by a rare genetic mutation, CFC - by a leading geneticist in the field: "Walker was a deleterious effect" (Brown Ch.2). This paper explores the unsettling and provocative implications of the geneticization of identity, with a particular focus upon how such medical/scientific labelling not only rejects social models of identity, but can have radically negative impacts upon our understanding of our common humanity.

From the Paper
"Ian Brown, in "The Boy in the Moon," paraphrases the assessment of his son - with a radical disability caused by a rare genetic mutation, CFC - by a leading geneticist in the field: "Walker was a deleterious effect" (Brown Ch.2). As Brown observes, the implications of such assessments by genetic science with respect to individuals whose genetic and physical makeup may depart from the norm - with disabilities whose origins are genetic - has profound implications for our understanding of identity. This essay will explore the unsettling and provocative implications of the geneticization..."

Tags:identity, genetics, disability

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that as a very successful company, Starbucks has the opportunity and funds, not to mention the responsibility, to strive towards more ecologically efficient goals in its production and running. The writer discusses that as Starbucks has a mission to develop innovative and flexible solutions to bring about environmental change, the company should be open to the implementation of the following environmental initiatives: moves towards increased recycling of paper cups, sleeves and other products; consideration of more potentially "environmentally friendly" cups such as non-CFC polystyrene; reducing solid waste in the face of reducing landfill capacity via packaging; implementation of split recycling bins in stores and behind counters; bio-plastics for cup lids; and wind energy as a source of power.

Outline:
Introduction
Summary
Analysis
Optimals
Actuals
Purpose Statement
Content: Conclusion
Audience Resistance
Trump Analysis:

From the Paper
"Moves towards increasing ecological and environmental awareness at Starbucks should capitalize primarily on behaving in a more "green" manner in terms of solid waste and also in terms of using a green energy source. Success will occur when already in-place environmental measures are increased or capitalized on, and when new environmental measures are brought in to replace non-green existing structures. The paper cups, the largest amount of solid waste manufactured by Starbucks, consist of a large degree of solid waste, and thus green efforts should be directed towards this. Paper cups should contain a higher percentage of recycled material (as compared to its current 10% composition) or should be changed altogether to be more environmentally friendly - for example, recent evidence suggests that non-CFC polystyrene is superior to paperboard from an environmental standpoint. Recycling of used cups will reduce potential landfill waste, which is a problem across North America. The cup packaging also includes the lid, which could be made more environmentally sound by switching from plastic to bioplastic."

Tags:environmentally, friendly, recycling, bins

Abstract
The paper discusses ozone depletion and its causes, including products which introduce chlorofluorocarbons (cfc's) into the atmosphere. The paper also looks at the Montreal Protocol, a recent world resolution regarding the problem of ozone depletion.

From the Paper
"An Antarctic ozone hole forms from September to November each year, caused by man made pollutants that destroy ozone in the atmosphere. The hole has been getting progressively larger. The culprits are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), once used as coolants. The ozone hole above Antarctica starts forming in September, when springtime sunlight returns to the polar skies. The light energizes chlorine and bromine containing chemicals that break down ozone molecules in the stratosphere and destroy it. "Sunlight splits off chlorine from CFCs, and the chlorine ozone reaction takes place most readily on the surface of ice crystals" (Onion). Polar Regions reflects the greatest changes in ozone concentrations, especially the South Pole."

Tags:earth, layer, vehicle, Polar, Regions

From the Paper
"Introduction
Local, regional, national and international political decisions can have long-term effects on the ways in which companies conduct business. When public policies, such as those affecting the environment, take a significant departure from their historic orientation, the effect can be devastating to companies and organizations operating under the older guidelines. Yet there are times when public welfare or other compelling interests necessitate significant changes in policy to which business must adapt. This is the case with the 1996 ban on chlorofluorocarbons and the progressive ban on other ozone depleting substances. The scientific community has determined that these substances (commonly used at one time in aerosol propellants and in refrigeration systems) are contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer.."

Abstract
This paper discusses how it would be difficult to imagine a world without plastics and how, among the most versatile materials ever developed, plastics can be made to resemble and even replace such diverse materials as metal, wood, glass, china and stone. It also examines the progress of global warming and the potential devastating effects. It particular, looks at how the gases released during the manufacture of plastics such as CFCs are dangerous to the environment and how scientists are now working on disposable plastics that are able to break down chemically and dissolve after a period of exposure to sunlight and moisture.

From the Paper
"However, if the concentrations of these gases become higher, more heat would be trapped within the atmosphere causing worldwide temperatures to rise dramatically. Research has proven that within the last century, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased dramatically, largely because of the practice of burning fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum and its derivatives. Global temperature has also increased 1o C (about 1.8o F) within the past century. As a result, atmospheric scientists have now concluded that at least half of that increase can be attributed to human activity, and they have predicted that unless dramatic action is taken, temperature will continue to rise by between 1o and 3.5o C (between 1.8o and 6.3o F) over the next century."

Tags:fossil, fuels, ozone, pollution

Abstract
This paper explains the overall structure of the ozone layer and how chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs destroy the ozone molecules. The paper discusses how ozone depletion has spread from the Antarctic to various areas around the globe. The paper explores what the world is doing to combat this problem of ozone depletion.

From the Paper
"To begin with, the ozone layer is a band of, well, "ozone" located in the upper atmosphere. More specifically, ozone itself is made up of three atoms of oxygen instead of the much more common two. This band of atypical oxygen molecules is found about 10-50 kilometers above the earth's surface - the numbers apparently vary depending upon the source consulted (Gleason para.2) - and shields the planet from harmful ultraviolet radiation ("Ozone Layer" sec.1-4). The creation, the production, of this band of ozone is complex for those not well-acquainted with chemistry. Be that as it may, it can be said that ozone is mostly produced by ultraviolet light hitting oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms."

Tags:chlorofluorocarbons, molecules, ultraviolet, radiation, atoms, chlorine, oxygen

Abstract
This paper presents the causes and effects of air pollution. Other stratospheric research is concerned with the downward trends in global ozone that have recently been measured over populated regions in the mid altitudes. The author focuses on the various factors associated with global warming.

From the Paper
"Air pollution is any visible or invisible substance found in the air that is not part of the normal composition of air. Some air pollution is natural and has always been a part of the earth's history. However, over the past one hundred years or so, pollution created by humans has become a major environmental problem. Natural air pollution has been around for millions of year. Dust and a variety of gases from forest fires, volcanoes, and decaying material in rivers, oceans, and other bodies of water continually enter the atmosphere. Sometimes this natural pollution can have dramatic effects. Air pollution is a major factor in causing humans to get ill. Tuberculosis, bronchitis, heart and chest diseases, stomach disorders, asthma and cancers can all be traced to chemicals in the air. Pesticides and fertilizers release gases and particles into the air which poison people and kill animals."

Tags:ozone, stratosphere, carbon, environmental, dioxide, sulphur, cfc, deforestation, lead