Abstract
This paper outlines the immediate events which led up to the creation of the Superfund, the growth of the Superfund and the immediate impact of the Superfund in terms of helping to focus attention upon the problem of hazardous waste dumping. The paper also examines case studies which highlight the success of CERCLA prior to Executive Order 12898 and offers a study of how things changed after Executive Order 12898 was passed in 1994 (an order which was intended to focus attention upon assisting low-income or minority populations). The paper provides a brief discussion of these results and explores what still needs to be done. The paper concludes that it seems as though - either through administrative oversight or negligence - at-risk communities are still being ignored by the federal bureaucracy.

From the Paper
"The following paper will outline the immediate events which led up to the creation of the Superfund, the growth of the Superfund, the immediate impact of the Superfund in terms of helping to focus attention upon the problem of hazardous waste dumping, case studies which highlight the success (or failure) of CERCLA prior to Executive Order 12898, a study of how things changed (or did not change) after Executive Order 12898 was passed in 1994 (an order which was intended to focus attention upon...)"

Tags:cercla, waste, hazardous

Abstract
This paper explains that the never completed Love Canal became a dump site for chemical wastes from Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation, a local company and subsidiary of Occidental Petroleum Corporation. The author relates that, in 1978, twenty five years after the Hooker Chemical Company stopped dumping into the Love Canal, it was suspected that carcinogens were leaching from their containers causing birth defects, miscarriages, breathing problems and burns. The paper states that the Department of Justice, acting as a representative of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), won lawsuits against these companies. The author reports that, in 1980, Congress passed the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, known as Superfund, which enforced a tax on industries with chemical and petroleum products and made it easier for the Federal Government to respond to hazardous waste exposure.

Table of Contents:
An Introduction to Love Canal
The Love Canal Chemical Incident
The United States vs. Hooker Chemical
Funding for Relief Efforts
Love Canal and the Creation of Superfund
The Road to Recovery and Normalization
Present Day Love Canal

From the Paper
"Prosecutors requested that the court order an immediate remediation of all four disposal site, the construction of walls to barricade the chemicals that remained, and to install water and air monitoring systems, all to be funded by Hooker Chemical. Complete medical service for each person living in the Love Canal and Hyde Park areas of Niagara Falls was also requested by prosecutors, at the expense of Hooker. This medical program requested was to include all past and present residents and their offspring, and health coverage was proposed for the rest of their lives."

Tags:carcinogens, barricade, endangerment, relocation, cleanup

Abstract
This paper explores the changes in corporate compliance brought about by the enactment of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The paper describes how both of these comprehensive legislative initiatives were brought about by infamous events in American corporate history, and were aimed at preventing such corporate transgressions in the future. The paper shows how they brought personal liability for the actions of the corporation to its directors, officers and management.

From the Paper
"This paper shall explore the changes in corporate compliance brought about by the enactment of The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Both of these comprehensive legislative initiatives were brought about by infamous events in American corporate history, and were aimed at preventing such corporate transgressions in the future. They brought personal liability for the actions of the corporation to its directors, officers and management."

Tags:cercla, sarbanes, oxley, compliance