Abstract
This paper discusses how Jaroslav Pelikan, in his book, "Jesus through the Centuries", investigates the enormous impact Jesus has had on the evolution of Western culture. The paper notes that, although Pelikan never manages to break free from the Christian worldview, his book does offer a rich and scholastic chronology of the role Jesus played in Western social, political, economic, philosophic, and artistic histories. The paper describes "Jesus through the Centuries" as an ambitious undertaking which treats Jesus as a symbolic figure and historical force, and which mentions theology only when necessary to substantiate Pelikan's main ideas.

From the Paper
"The introduction to Jesus through the Centuries describes the conceptual framework for the book as evoking "The Good, the True, and the Beautiful." Chapter One, "The Rabbi," elucidates some of the problems with literal interpretations of the New Testament in understanding Jesus' life and times. Here Pelikan emphasizes the time lag between the actual birth and life of Jesus and the historical legacy he left. The New Testament, according to Pelikan, "resembles a set of paintings more closely than it does a photograph," (p. 9). The author therefore differentiates between early Christian tradition and the Christian scriptures which evolved later. Similarly, Pelikan notes how different and sometimes conflicting translations of scripture affected the titles given to Jesus of Nazareth. "

Tags:nazareth, judaism, christianity, prophet

Abstract
This paper discusses the economic and social conditions in Canada during the 19th and 20th centuries that impacted and altered the definitions of Reform and Orthodox Jewry in that country.

From the Paper
"The definitions of Reform and Orthodox Judaism is difficult to discern even in the most transparent circumstances, as in the emergence of Reform Judaism as a means for the Jewish community to better connect with the gentile communities within the surrounding regions in Europe. However, the immigration of Judaism to Canada in the 19th and 20th centuries created conditions in which all Judaism was to some degree altered significantly by the social, economic, and political circumstances in which the events occurred, therefore suggesting that no engagement in traditional Jewish traditions could be perceived as typically Orthodox in nature; conversely, reform was so pervasive in all forms of Judaism that it no longer could be considered to be in keeping with the Reform movement as a whole."

Tags:canada, jew, reform

Abstract
This paper analyzes the sexual and marital lives of women in four major Latin American cities between the 17th and 19th centuries. By analyzing and comparing the experiences of women in Mexico City, Bahia, Buenos Aries and Lima, this paper shows that while there were certainly some differences in the intimate lives of the populations in these areas, there were more often vastly similar social norms and religious institutions which resulted in similar life experiences from one major city to another. Further, this paper discusses these differences and similarities in terms of their effects on the sexual and marital lives of the women in colonial Latin America.

From the Paper
"Only women who were virgins when single, monogamous when married, and chaste when widowed were allowed legal discourse (Seed 1988). Sexual crimes such as concubinage, incest, bigamy, and abortion were often harshly punished when the offender were female (Seed 1988). Further, prostitution was illegal, as was adultery, and both were punishable by a loss of dowry and shares of community property, or imprisonment. In drastic cases, the husband was allowed to kill the woman (Seed 1988)."

Tags:catholic, marriage, virtue, illegitimacy, mullato

Abstract
the following paper will argue that women who found themselves the victims of domestic violence or the victims of sexual violence during the late-nineteenth century and the early-twentieth century had to accept that the scales were not in their favor: if they were a victim of domestic violence, their complaints were too often ignored; if they were the victims of sexual assault, aspersions could easily be cast upon their character and they - not the actual perpetrator - might find themselves on trial. In such a context, it is easy to see why there was enormous pressure for women to conform to particular stereotypes if they were to find any sympathy at all; that is to say, a woman who finally lashed out an abusive husband had to prove that she was a good woman, a good mother, and a paragon of virtue finally pushed too far. In the case of sexual assault, showing oneself to be a virtuous woman was a must - as was the fact that being married offered a greater measure of security than not being married. In the end, the Canadian legal system was a patriarchal one in the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries - and that had grim repercussions for how women were treated.

From the Paper
Crime and Punishment: Women, Domestic and Sexual Violence, and the Canadian Legal System during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth Centuries The simple truth of the matter is that the legal system operating during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries was a legal system which sought, first and foremost, to uphold the patriarchal framework of Canadian society. As an important note of clarification, "legal system" in this paper refers not simply to the laws of the Dominion, but also to the attitudes and unspoken conventions which largely determined the interpretation of those laws and which also determined the criminal

Tags:canada, women, assault

Abstract
In this paper, the primary scholarship examined in this study relating to poetry between the 9th and 12th century Islamic reveals a slow and ambivalent fusion and eventual divergent view of secular and spiritual themes. The early poems of the Abbasid and Central Asian traditions of poetry reveal the use of many secular images that invariably are connected to the religious values that were part of the strict moral codes of Islam in its early development. However, with the consolidation of these spiritual values over the 10th and 11th centuries, the 12th century offered a far more spiritual look into natural and metaphysical themes in the Andalusian style.

From the Paper
Thank you for purchasing a customized research paper from Essay Experts LLC. We strive to deliver to our customers the most accurate and up-to-date research each and every time we prepare a custom work. Your Writer ID: #255 Order ID: 13008 Topic: Literature Disclaimer: This document should be used in precisely the same way you would use any article you might find in your local research library. Remember, you must cite it properly just like you would any other source listed in your bibliography. If you have any questions regarding citing

Tags:islam, poetry, history

Abstract
This paper looks at the different way that love was portrayed in these centuries when viewed through Hollywood film. A brief comparison of the legalities of marriage, the way courting took place and the different ways in which the man pursues the woman are discussed when comparing the story-lines of the two movies.

From the Paper
"In both the 16th and 20th Centuries, marriage is only legally binding when sanctioned by the state. In Elizabethan times the Queen or monarchy was the state, as portrayed in AShakespeare in Love.@ Although the institution of marriage in Western culture underwent tremendous changes in the 20th Century, marriage still must be authorized by the state. Whether the marriage ceremony is civil or legal, the person performing the marriage must say, Aby the power invested in me by the state of...I now pronounce you husband and wife.@ Therefore, in both the 16th and 20th centuries, marriage is essentially a social practice reflecting the purposes and character of the society of its time. The concept of romantic love as the key foundation for the institution of marriage is a modern idea. "

Tags:romance, courting, date, husband, wife

Abstract
The paper discusses how the various aspects of classical conditioning, aggressive personality acquisition, and other psychological factors compromise the total scope of how mass media television plays a large role in conditioning children. The paper explores the high negativity that media attributes to violent programming being forced onto children and explains that these children are also influenced to act out televised stereotypes through a lack of regulation and policy within corporations and governmental forums. The paper asserts that by becoming more involved in preventing these stereotypes through programs that create racial diversity and tolerance, the media can be less influential in portraying children as victims or as criminals through the overall scope of society through rating censorship.

From the Paper
"This mass media analysis will discuss the dangers of television programming that have been violently influencing children within the family unit. By examining the different mediums of this type of cultural violence, we can see what is being done about this grave situation. By looking into the government and television corporation regulations that allow this type of behavior, there is ample evidence to support a thesis on how damaging media violence can be to young children. In essence, by evaluating the research on violence and children within the family unit,..."

Tags:media, family, children

Abstract
This paper reports that the Chinese response to the West began with the early belief that the West's influence could be controlled but later shifted to the understanding that the West clearly had the resources, skills and will needed to impose its influence on China. The author feels that the great irony of the Chinese response to the West was always that, so far as dealing with foreigners was concerned, the Manchu Qing themselves had always been regarded by the Chinese people as long-resident foreigners. This paper concludes that, forced to accept a degree of republicanism and faced with further challenges from various patriotic groups. The Qing abdicated in 1911, essentially leaving the Chinese people to begin the process of dealing with the power and influence of the West all over again.

From the Paper
"In view of the severity of the challenges to the dynasty's power, it is hardly surprising, as Teng and Fairbanks note, that "by 1860 the rulers of China had wasted twenty years in refusing to face the problems created by Western contact." But, coming on top of all its other difficulties, the second war with the British, accompanied by the French this time, resulted in the defeat of Manchu troops guarding Beijing and the emperor was forced to flee and to accept all the Westerners' terms that had been resisted for over a decade. This finally led to the serious rethinking of options regarding the challenge of the West and the promotion of internal self-strengthening was accepted as a general response to this and many other problems."

Tags:manchu, qing, foreigners, dynasty, emperor

From the Paper
" The role of women in opera in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries reflected their roles in the society that produced this opera, as would be expected. The roles of both men an women in opera are, of course, heightened from what one would expect in real life and often even beyond what is found in drama, with the grand gesture and the even grander emotion expressed not just musically but in attitudes and behaviors. Catherine Cl"ment finds indeed that the attitudes expressed in the opera toward female characters extended to the female members of the audience:
Where were women in the structure of this edifice" In their place, of course. . . . Nothing comes along to disturb the social pyramid that makes the audience itself an ornament of the opera. Nothing will come later, in the nineteenth century when romantic opera(...)"

Abstract
This paper examines how during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Britain experienced what came to be known as the "second industrial revolution" ? a period of major industrialization with changes to British industry as a whole and further to this, a change in the idea of the "company" or firm. It looks at how hand in hand with this were technological advances, which it has been said spurred on this major change to life in Britain. It explores the technological advance in this period, how much of an effect it had on company law as such and to looks further at other features of this age which could have affected the rise of company law.

From the Paper
"By 1914, company law had overtaken the Joint Stock Company and the law of partnership as the most dominant form of industrial organization in Britain. As mentioned previously, this is often attributed to the increase in technological advances and the changes this made to industrial Britain. There was "a relative decline of agriculture compared with other sectors such as industry" , and new industries were growing steadily throughout the nineteenth century, for example metals, mining and chemical trades. This was largely due to advances made in these fields, and with increased output came a rise in employment, most notably in the new industries of electrical engineering, and the motor trade. "Mechanized mass production was spreading throughout the manufacturing industry" , and "big business" was dominating Britain in one way or another, be it the larger scale production, or the large scale business organization. However, technological advance was not necessarily the main reason for this increase."

Tags:depression, liability, limited, merges, partnership, railways, salomon, stock