Abstract
This paper discusses different types of centrifuges used in medical science, bio-technology, industry and the space industry. The author relates the types of things that can be separated by centrifugation and the cost of centrifuges. The paper indicates what types of careers would involve the use of centrifuges.

From the Paper
"A centrifuge is a device used for separating solids and liquids or liquids of different densities by spinning them at high speed so that the materials with the highest density travel towards the bottom of the centrifuge tube at a higher rate of speed than..."

Tags:centrifuges, applications, technology

Abstract
This paper focuses on the contradictory focuses within the emerging community known as 'Greater China.' 'Greater China' is an amorphous term with many meanings encompassing China's greater global 'reach.' However, even as the range and extent of 'Greater China' increases so too does its internal diversity and regional autonomy.

Abstract
The writer explains that in the set of experiments discussed in the paper, myosin and actomyosin were isolated and gradually purified from rabbit muscle myofibrils. The two proteins were initially precipitated together out of solution, in order to remove any impurities. Then, the two proteins could be separated from each other, by taking advantage of differential solubility. The writer notes that after each time they were re-suspended or redissolved, the solutions were centrifuged in order to further improve purity. Any solution containing the contractile proteins or ATP were kept on ice during the experiments, and stored in a freezer at all other times. The writer discusses that using the Bradford protein assay and the SDS-PAGE, the concentrations and weights of the purified proteins in the final solutions were measured. For all protein samples, no appreciable concentration of protein could be detected after diluting the samples by 100 times. However, the other two dilutions yielded normal results.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion

From the Paper
"The head of the myosin is the part which interacts with the other molecules. Without ATP, the myosin head is bound tightly to the actin, called the rigor state. However, ATP weakens this interaction by opening a cleft in the myosin head and disrupting the actin-binding site. When the myosin head is free of actin, it hydrolyzes ATP to ADP. This causes a conformational change in the head that moves it to a new position, closer to the (+) end of the actin filament, (away from the origin site) where it reattaches. The dissociation of the phosphate from ATP also causes a conformational change, this time in the myosin head. As a result, myosin returns to its original state (the rigor state). Because myosin is still bound to actin, this conformational change exerts a force that causes myosin to move the actin filament. This is the power stroke. Essentially, contraction is a series of these power strokes by the actomyosin complex, the myosin head is moving along the actin filament through constant detachment and reattachment."

Tags:molecular, dilutions, calcium, ATP

Abstract
This paper discusses an experiment that used recombinant DNA technology and explains that the hypothesis for the experiment is that, by using recombinant DNA technology, specific DNA fragments can be cloned, in this case from a mouse liver cell, by differential centrifugation to obtain high purity DNA fractions. The paper describes in detail the materials and methodology of the experiment as well as the results and the calculations. The paper concludes that the experiment supports the hypothesis by the fact that five colonies were created, which contained the specific 2.0 DNA fragment, signaling that the bacteria contained the desired insert-vector molecule.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Calculations
Discussion

From the Paper
"Western Blotting of the samples was performed also performed. There are about 1012 antibody molecules in the immune system. The major function of the immune system is to protect the being. Antibodies are produced when outside organisms enter the body. The antibodies join with the foreign molecules and neutralize them. Antigens are the molecules that cause antibody production and are usually similar to proteins. Epitopes are the features that are recognized by the antibody."

Tags:samples electrophoresis, ligating insert, genetic fingerprinting, miniprep

Abstract
This paper explains that Burdett A. Loomis' "The Contemporary Congress" begins his examination in the Thirteenth Congressional district in Pennsylvania, from 1992 to 1997, when the Republicans changed the make-up of Congress and gained control of the House of Representatives for the first time in years. The author points out that, although he also finds that a reasonably homogeneous party can overcome these tendencies, Loomis refers to the centrifugal Congress because there are a number of forces decentralizing it. The paper stresses that the forms of political institutions should serve the needs of the people they serve and should uphold and promote the values that these people want to elevate to special status.

From the Paper
"Loomis discusses the changing nature of congressional politics, with the growth of lobbying as a way for special interests to reach legislators and to wield influence. Various social and economic pressures also operated to change the way policy is made and the budget is created and passed. The idea of balancing the budget is often raised, but this is rarely achieved. Even when it is, other forces may prevent a balanced budget from achieving what leaders think it will achieve."

Tags:committee, legislator, parties, institutions, balance

Abstract
This paper explores various issues in political geography: the world systems theory and the Vietnam War, the centripetal and centrifugal forces in Pakistan, Argentina's core areas, the Antarctic Treaty System, and Bamako, Mali.

Tags:issues, political, geography

Abstract
This is a paper that summarizes the observations of journalist, Glenn Zorpette, who accompanied engineering majors from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) who studied heat convection in artificial gravity by building a spinning assembly that produces centrifugal force in a test cell.

From the Paper
"The scientific research was conducted in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's world-renowned Vomit Comet, a KC-135A aircraft that is flown so as to provide weightlessness in 25-second snippets. The plane is usually used for research conducted on a professional basis but undergraduate students are allowed to make use of the plane and conduct studies related to weightlessness. "

Tags:gravity, weight, pull, force, space, earth, ship, air, comit

Abstract
This paper discusses the development of nuclear technology in Iran. It discusses the reasons that Iran gives for the developments and the views of the rest of the world regarding the issue. The paper focuses on the potential threat posed by Iran if it has nuclear power capabilities. The paper then looks at the options for addressing the threat that is posed by Iran.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Military Threat of a Nuclear Iran
Non-Military Threats of a Nuclear Iran
Options for Addressing the Threat of a Nuclear Iran

From the Paper
"However, unlike the Iraqi nuclear reactor destroyed by Israel in Natanz, the Iranian nuclear network comprise hundreds of individual facilities located underground in hardened bunkers and spread out throughout much of the country. It is, therefore, possible that without U.S. tactical assistance, Israel might eventually have only one option for preventing Iran from developing nuclear weapons: namely, a pre-emptive nuclear strike of its own. Given the inevitable blame that the U.S. will share throughout the rest of the Muslim world for such an attack, even without direct U.S. involvement, it might behoove this country to provide assistance to enable Israel to destroy the threat using the latest U.S. conventional (i.e. non-nuclear) technology capable of achieving the objective without the unavoidable death of millions in Iran."

Tags:power, centrifuges, weapons, sanctions

Abstract
The paper begins by purifying beef heart and ends with a highly-quantitative analysis of the results of attempting to isolate the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. It contains every aspect of a detailed biochemistry lab report. The paper contains complex quantitative analysis with supporting statistics. It also has scanned photographs of the gel electrophoresis.

From the Paper
"Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a crucial enzyme that regulates lactate levels throughout the mammalian body. Proper LDH function is essential for a number of important biochemical pathways, including the Cori Cycle and glycolysis among others. Without it, the glycolytic cycle would come to a halt due to diminished nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) reserves, and the buildup of lactate would ultimately result in lactic acidosis-a potentially fatal affliction."

Tags:bovine, centrifugation, chromatography, electrophoresis