Abstract
This paper explores the growing cocaine and marijuana market in Latin American countries and the lack of local resources available to prevent this valuable and profitable industry from expanding even more. The writer of this paper details the U.S. military's role in aiding these countries, as well as the cost to the American people, while pondering if the American military should even be involved in drug related issues outside the U.S. The cost for the military intervention in the war on drugs continues to rise and has created entirely new perceptions about money and the military both within and outside the U.S. This paper discusses the military involvement in the war on drugs and cites the leading recipients of aid, military equipment, training and personnel. This paper also delves into a program, involving military participation, which was recently introduced in Congress, called the Western Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act. This act would authorized $2.3 billion over three years for military hardware, personnel, training and a small amount for alternative crop development in various Latin American countries.

From the Paper
"Even though the House and various representatives have called on military action, the Pentagon was reluctant- albeit, it finally was dragged into it. Even though the Pentagon budget continues to grow, year after year, there are still concerns that legislators who dole out the tens of millions of dollars are underestimating the total cost. In a recent report to the House and Senate armed services committees, the Department of Defense estimated that "24-hour surveillance of the U.S. 'southern fence', the border from Jacksonville, Florida, to San Diego, full interdiction capability, and C13 programs, would cost between $480.4 million and $760.5 million annually, depending on the equipment mix ." All this money without a single soldier leaving the continental U.S.- even though advisers may now be operating in the various targeted Latin American countries. All that has been publicized, and strongly so, are planes and equipment, everything from helicopters to flame throwers which are supposed to be used by the local troops."

Tags:drugs, congress, government, military, american, u.s., columbia, financial, aid, cocaine, marijuana, narcotics

Abstract
Beginning with a look at general perceptions of the military, this paper seeks out to explain the purpose and reason behind military customs. It provides a perspective on the purpose of the military and its operations. A large portion of it focuses on time management. The paper takes a final look at the role of leadership that develops time management and how this forces one to follow military customs as necessary.

From the Paper
"The military exists also as the guardian of the people in a democratic nation. The mandate cannot be achieved unless leadership and discipline are imposed. Thus, leadership can only be attained through training and education; discipline is one of the results of the training and education. When a soldier or an officer in the military is trained, he or she is not only trained in their core competency or occupational skill but also in the rich tradition, history, customs and courtesies of the service. Military leadership qualities are formed in a progressive and sequential series of carefully planned training, educational, and experiential events. Military leaders tend to hold high levels of responsibility and authority at low levels of our organizations. (Kolditz, 2009) The military personnel also learns the value of sacrifice, selfless service and what it means to perform a task or mission on time and on course. Time management then becomes also a key ingredient is initially instilled during basic training."

Tags:military, time management, military customs

Abstract
The writer of this paper details the current research which proves that longer tours of duty in the military carry with them many negative effects. Higher rates of mental illness, divorce, substance abuse and more difficult and lengthy family problems can result from extended military deployments. The writer explores the short and long term problems associated that affect the soldier, the soldier's family, the military in general and even the economy. This paper also examines the effects of the 'stop loss' program, which went into effect in 2002 and entails keeping soldiers on active duty and redeployed even beyond their anticipated discharge from the service. From the ability of the military to recruit new soldiers to the morale of the individuals, longer deployments continue to cause problems in the military services.
One major area of concern relating to longer deployments, detailed in this paper, is that of the mental health impact on the soldiers.

From the Paper
"Along with the mental issues related to longer deployment, family problems also increase as deployment length increases. Studies following the Afghanistan conflict and the Iraq war showed that divorce rates among families with deployed military members increased as much as 37 to 56 percent. These high rates often come from the added stress of unknown lengths of tours. A study conducted by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and the U.S. Army Research Institute showed the "key impact on family appeared to be the length of the tour." Sixty eight percent of respondents noted that a year of active service overseas was worrisome, and would cause family difficulties. Additionally, spouses of those deployed noted that their soldiers had recently completed a lengthy deployment and were redeployed, expanding the total separation up to 24 months or more."

Tags:military, stop, loss, health, mental, divorce, family, side, effects

Abstract
" This document assesses the character of individual privacy within the military. The military poses a completely different set of issues related to individual privacy and privacy rights than those within the civilian sphere. This is because the military operates under a completely different legal structure compared to civilian society. The military works primarily within a realm governed by deontological ethics. "

From the Paper
INFORMATIONAL PRIVACY AND THE MILITARY ABSTRACT This document assesses the character of individual privacy within the military. The military poses a completely different set of issues related to individual privacy and privacy rights than those within the civilian sphere. This is because the military operates under a completely different legal structure compared to civilian society. The military works primarily within a realm governed by deontological ethics. The military absolutely poses questions that most individuals not in the military might consider to be improper in one respect or another. For

Tags:informational, privacy, military

Abstract
The Bush Administration strongly believes that the events of September 11th have created conditions under which a Military Order calling for military courts - essentially military tribunals - is justified. The predominate reason given is that the military tribunal will provide an atmosphere in which individuals who are terrorists or who are affiliated with terrorists can be brought to justice. This paper examines the nature of a military tribunal through ethical arguments

Tags:the, military, tribunal

Abstract
The paper reviews the impact of 9/11 upon military personnel and upon their families. The paper specifically looks at the emotional trauma created by the event, the physiological implications for the family members of military personnel deployed overseas, and at the fears and uncertainty which can easily tear apart a military family as they bid farewell to a loved one called upon to protect America from terrorist threats. In the end, the conclusion of the paper is that, while they seem to handle the situation better than brothers, sisters, spouses, daughters and sons, military men and women nonetheless still have to deal with the terrific strain that any deployment places upon their family life.

From the Paper
"This paper shall review the impact of 9/11 upon military personnel and upon their families. The paper specifically looks at the emotional trauma created by the event, the physiological implications for the family members of military personnel deployed overseas, and at the fears and uncertainty which can easily tear apart a military family as they bid farewell to a loved one called upon to protect America from terrorist threats. In the end, the conclusion of the paper is that, while they seem to handle the situation better than brothers, sisters, spouses, daughters and sons, military men and women nonetheless still have to deal with the..."

Tags:impact, military, families

Abstract
The paper examines the role of Japan's military on the world stage. The paper relates that historically, Japan's military has served an imperialistic world internationally, however, today there are other countries in Asia whose economic and military might is equal that of Japan's. The paper shows how for this reason, Japan's approach and use of the military has to be more diplomatic.

From the Paper
"In the twentieth century, Japan's military role was pretty much defined by expansionism and imperialism. From the first Sino-Japanese War of the late nineteenth century to the end of the World War II, Japan was a major military power in the world. After the defeat of Japan in 1945 and the end of the War, Japan spent a great deal of time redeveloping the country and defining its role on the international scene. During this period, Japan expanded its economic influence in foreign markets, as the United States became the primary trading partner."

Tags:japan, military, role

Abstract
This paper explores the lack of enforcement of proper moral and ethical behavior in the U.S. military. This well-researched paper details various landmark military cases, including the racially biased case involving Jackie Robinson and the Tuskegee Airmen, as well as the Tailhook scandal, in which an active duty lesbian officer was dismissed due to her sexual preference. This paper examines the official "don't ask, don't tell" policy regarding homosexuality in the military. The writer of this paper compares the moral and ethical make-up of the military in the 1950s to the present, while stressing that racism, homophobia and sexual misconduct still exists.

From the Paper
"Because of the election coming on and Wendell Wilkie cutting into the usually Democratic Negro vote, President Roosevelt gave the approval for a Negro air force squadron to be formed and trained at Tuskegee airfield. The story has it that Eleanor Roosevelt stopped by to visit, and told a pilot that she heard Negro men could not fly planes. When one pilot promised to show her, she allegedly got into the plane and took off with the black pilot. All through their training, they were apart from white pilots They were at separate airfields so there would be no "mingling". As the war lengthened and the need for pilots increased, more and more black cadets were brought to Tuskegee. But, they continued to be segregated. And they were segregated when they flew their missions in Italy."

Tags:military, u.s., american, homosexuality, sexuality, rights, racism, law, legal, trial, harrassment

Abstract
This paper suggests ways in which military spending is affected by the economy and ways in which military spending affects the economy. The author notes that the military, just as business, needs to seek a proper balance between income and expenditures. The paper relates that the majority of military expenditures go for personnel and equipment.

From the Paper
"The economics of the military on one level is the same as for any business, with a need for a proper balance between income and expenditures, with the latter going largely for personnel and equipment. One difference is that the military can always ask for increased funding and will usually get it from Congress, while a business can only increase sales, get a loan, or improve the bottom line by reducing expenditures. Both are also affected by macroeconomic forces largely out of their control, but the effect on the military is not always in keeping with the strict rise and fall of the macro-economy. Changes in the macro-economy can affect military spending in the same way they affect other forms of public spending, by adding to or reducing the revenue collected through taxes and so adding to or reducing the amount of money to be spent."

Tags:macroeconomics, military, policy

Abstract
This paper makes the argument that the principal factor in state formation across Europe was the power of monarchs to centralise and increase their effectiveness to rule in European states. Specifically, the author makes the assertion that the monarchies of Europe created early modern state formation through the centralisation of government institutions, military expansion, financial restructuring, dynastic marriage and the use of tools created through the scientific revolution.

From the Paper
"This centralisation and increased effectiveness of tax administration in the Early Modern era allowed a larger revenue to be collected into the royal coffers, in turn meaning that more money could be pumped into the greatest expense for any Early Modern leader, the military. As military tactics and technology dictated an increased cost in the waging of war, so it was realised that the more effective a bureaucracy was, the more effective royal armies could be. The centralisation of resources for armies created a unique situation whereby relatively small countries such as England and the Netherlands were able to wage-war with more demographically prosperous countries such as France and Spain. 'Good' government also came through the scrupulous effectiveness of taxation: the less money that stuck to the hands of local barons and entered the royal treasuries, the more the central power of the monarch could spend on consolidating the state through standing armies and more charismatic schemes. This meant the population of a country would see both centralisation and state formation in a beneficial light."

Tags:centralisation military, scientific processes, monarchy