Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Carl Rogers' person-centered theory on society. The author also considers the application of the theory as it relates to family, groups, interpersonal relationships, and conflict resolution. The goal of the theory and how its techniques are used in therapy is also discussed. The paper compares person-centered theory to other psychological theories, including a historical perspective. All of these issues are important and significant for a complete understanding of what person-centered theory really is and how it applies to many various facets of life.

From the Paper
"The primary issue in Carl Rogers' person-centered theory is what he terms the "actualizing tendency" (Rogers, 1980). This term refers to what is considered to be the inherent and the immutable tendency of all organisms, of course including human beings, to do many different things, including grow, expand, develop, differentiate, maintain themselves, restore themselves and realize their natures as much as they are able to and as well as they are able to under the circumstances that they are given (Barrett-Lennard, 1998). This actualizing tendency is seen as the basic characteristic of all organic life, including human life. Rogers (1980) expresses these ideas very well in stating that "The actualizing tendency can ... be thwarted or warped, but it cannot be destroyed without destroying the organism" (Rogers, 1980, p. I 19). "

Tags:person, centered, theory, Carl, Rogers, psychology

Abstract
The paper discusses client centered therapy, a concept that was developed by Carl Rogers throughout the 1940s and 50s. The paper explores how the focus of the therapy is on the client, as the therapist allows the client to discuss issues within his or her life. Through the client's own words he or she is capable of discovering answers to life issues, being supported by the therapist through questions and answer, clarification of thoughts, or restating situations. The paper further discusses how client-centered therapy is a non-directed approach in which the therapist allows the client to talk and discuss answers by themselves.

From the Paper
"Events in life can often lead the individual to doubt whether he or she has any control over the present or the future. As conditions mount at different crossroads of existence, the feeling or powerlessness begins to extend into every realm of being. This was the condition of this writer's world a few years ago after a painful divorce and the death of my father. It was at that time, therefore, that counseling seemed the only method of recovery. The initial point of attending therapy was to be capable of handling that moment in time. What was discovered, however, was that I had not lost the power to control my world; I had only briefly lost my way."

Tags:client, centered, therapy

Abstract
Weight issues are a concern of millions of people within the country on a daily basis. Physicians have repeatedly warned Americans that being overweight can create serious health issues such as diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Yet, although this common information exists, obesity remains a national health concern and does not appear to be diminishing to any significant degree. This may be because many overweight individuals excessively eat in response to emotional upheaval in their lives. When pressure is applied from outside sources to loose weight, the emotional tension becomes even more severe, causing more weight to be gained and obesity to appear to be permanent in the individual's life. This paper examines person-centered therapy as an approach to assisting people with weight loss.

Tags:person, centered, therapy

Abstract
The paper relates that person-centered therapy is as the name suggests, a therapeutic theory in which the person or client is the focus of the doctor-patient relationship. That may sound like it is stating the obvious, but it suggests a non-directive approach on the part of the counselor, who provides complete understanding and empathy as opposed to directed suggestions.

From the Paper
"Person-centered therapy was a term used by Carl Rogers and his associates in 1974, which Rogers considered to be the most descriptive of his value framework, given the eventual variety and increasing number of fields of application. The person-centered approach eventually came to applied to work with couples, families, groups, education, and even international politics. Still, Rogers believed that his earlier term client-centered continued to be accurate when applied specifically to counseling and psychotherapy (Prout, 2007, p. 180)."

Tags:person, centered, therapy

Abstract
This paper describes family-centered care nursing programs. The author points out empirical research. The paper relates the historic involvement of the family as an integral part of the nursing practice.

From the Paper
The purpose of this research report is to identify family centered care practice and principles with special emphasis upon nursing interventions in the surgical perioperative care setting in a large urban medical surgical unit. According to Wright and Leahey, a significant part of nursing history is that the involvement of families has always been integrally to nursing practice; but, in recent years, nursing has begun to focus upon identifying via empirically grounded research the basic systems that should be used in caring ..."

Tags:nursing, family centered care, surgical nursing

Abstract
The paper states that the face of the American educational system has been changing dramatically over the past several decades. Since the inception of standardized education in the US, the fabric of society itself has undergone dramatic changes. The paper continues by detailing that the educational system continues to promote the paradigms that prevailed since the system's very beginning. The paper reports that it can be argued that the system is in need of some dramatic changes if we are to compete in a world where globalization means coping with increasing competition. The paper explores teacher centered and student centered philosophies and expresses the opinion that that student centered philosophies benefit the student more than teacher centered philosophies.

Outline:
introduction
Teaching Philosophies and the Changing Society
Special Education and Diversity
The Role of Student Centered Education
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There are also those that feel standardized testing leads to higher drop out rates among minorities due to social and cultural inequalities in the tests . They also feel that standardized tests lead to higher levels of cheating and a narrower curriculum than student centered philosophies . Standardized test create pressure as students and teachers allow the tests to become the primary force in their lives and the curriculum. Students depend on the tests to graduate and the pressure to pass can be devastating. Standardized testing narrows the curriculum as it becomes necessary to focus on the achievement of high scores on the exams. This can result in a reduction in learning in all areas of the curriculum. Essentialism provides few opportunities to adjust the curriculum or to adjust the methods of teaching to the needs of the child. Essentialism is based on unchangeable methods and rigid formats. Essentialism can be called antiquated in the age of the computer. This is because essentialism begins with the learning of facts. However, with the ease of data transfer now available, it is no longer necessary to carry all of the information in one's head. The emphasis has transformed from learning facts to knowing how to use the information that is at one's fingertips."

Tags:paradigm, shift, perennialists, philosophies, standardized, testing

Abstract
In this article, the writer introduces the family centered patient care model and describes its impact on health care delivery today. The writer notes that the Institute of Family-Centered Care, a nonprofit organization that is dedicated to research, education, policy change, and program development defined the model that is used currently. The writer points out that the family centered patient care approach is based on several principles such as seeing the patient as a whole, instead of just a disease or possible disease. The writer maintains that viewing a patient in a holistic manner allows a health care provider to observe a patient's external support group, such as their family and community environments.

Outline:
Introduction to Family Centered Patient Care
Historical Developments of Family Centered Patient Care
Case Study of Family Centered Care
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Through researching this paper, a case study was discovered that truly mirrored the concept of Family Centered Patient Care. A mother of a son with multiple complex problems; such as Down's Syndrome, autism, pulmonary hypertension, frequent pneumonias, avascular necrosis of the left femoral head, and multiple other conditions. This was the patient's first time to this particular facility and was presenting with an infected central line. The facility had incorporated the Family Centered Patient Care model to their healthcare delivery and added a personnel resource, a pediatric nurse practitioner that followed the child's case from beginning to end. The nurse began the relationship with the mother and included her in every decision that was made. When the mother and the nurse collaborated on antibiotic therapy, was discovered that the mother had not had relief from being the main care giver in three years. The treatment options considered were a home antibiotic therapy or the child could stay in the hospital until the end of the antibiotic therapy. The nurse practitioner was able to get authorization from the insurance company to allow the child to remain inpatient for the antibiotic therapy and the mother was able to take a much need vacation without worrying about her child. By working with the mother, the nurse was able to abstract information regarding the outcomes of previous treatment plans and discovered that the child had a failed home treatment course of antibiotics and was able to justify the respite care."

Tags:treatment, influence, therapy, healthcare

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines child centered versus teacher centered instruction. The writer discusses the need for optimal education and optimal education needs for children, and the pros and cons of each instructional style.

From the Paper
"The following presents a debate of the topic of child centered versus teacher-centered instruction with the conclusion that both are needed to ensure optimal education of young students. The need for optimal education for children is introduced and this is followed by a description of child centered and teacher centered instruction. Next the pros and cons of each instructional style are presented within a discussion of the existing support for each the needs of students and the outcomes related to child centered ..."

Tags:instruction, teacher, education, children, students

Abstract
The work of Carl Rogers has contributed in substantial ways to the development of psychotherapy. There exists an extraordinarily extensive amount of writing about the value of his research, his clinical work, his methods, his style, and his profound impact on therapy. This paper poses the question, ?Could interpretation of projective testing aid the process of reflection and clarification of communication between client and therapist during client centered (Rogerian) therapy??. The paper provides a critical analysis of Rogers?s work and into ?projective testing? itself. There are many forms of projective testing and diverse opinions with reference to projective testing. This paper critiques and analyzes several of them, using existing research in order to best formulate an informed answer for the central question being posed.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Carl Rogers?s Life and the Seeds of his Interest in Psychology
Client-Centered Therapy and Listening to the Client
Professional Responses to and Critiques of Client-Centered Therapy
Process of Reflection and Clarification in Client-Centered Therapy
Projective Measures / Projective Testing: an Introduction
The History ? and Methods of ? Projective Testing
Six of the Best-Known Projective Tests
Zeroing in on Spurious Therapists and Rorschach Projective Testing
Rogerian Reflection and Projective Testing
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Sir Francis Galton is generally given credit for devising the first projective test, which the British explorer and intellectual researcher developed in 1879. His test consisted of a word-association challenge; subjects were given a set of words and asked to produce a "first response" to each word. Following Galton's work, Carl Jung - a Swiss psychiatrist and renowned prot?g? of Freud - utilized a word-association test in combination with blood pressure measuring devices to detect what he called ?complexes.? Those complexes were "constellations of feelings and thoughts organized around an emotionally charged issue" (Lilienfeld). And Jung believed that a "delayed or physiologically pronounced response to a word" can indicate the existence of a complex."

Tags:Alfred, Binet, Galton, Inkblot, test

Abstract
This paper explains that technology used in a learner-centered classroom environment can help educators create a team-oriented learning community where students are encouraged to explore the world by capitalizing on their own unique abilities and interests. The author points out that technology can help teachers assess student's learning capability, learning style and knowledge frame of reference, all critical elements of a learner-centered classroom environment. The paper states that technology also can provide the opportunity to create a virtual learning environment where students can place themselves in various settings and learn from their experience.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Success Factors in the Classroom
Learner-Centered Environment and Technology
Conclusions/Analysis

From the Paper
"It is also critical in a learner-centered environment that students are provided with choices regarding assignments and the manner in which they perform and deliver assignments; this again reflects on the notion that students have many different learning styles, thus what works for one student may not be optimal for all students. In this case, students may be provided the option of delivering assignments via the web or written using computer based software programs. This is a simple and effective way to introduce technology into the classroom in a non-opposing or forceful manner. The computer can be used as one method of adapting to different learning and delivery styles."

Tags:team-oriented, assessment, virtual, assignments, style