Abstract This paper examines how Eliza Haywood's novel, "Love in Excess", suggests that passionate emotion is a universal sentiment. It looks at how the characters? thoughts posit that there is a universal language of love that dissolves the prominence of gender and how, at the same time, the novel works to enforce codes of amorous action that are inherently linked to gender, perhaps to suggest that these codes serve some purpose. It explores how the novel does not censure internal expressions of true passion, although it does at times suggest that sexual codes of conduct are necessary. Characters who overstep the boundaries of conduct too flagrantly generally censure themselves through self-destruction. The characters that self-destruct do so specifically because they take actions that transgress gender boundaries.
From the Paper "According to the narrator, love is its own agent; it is a force that acts independent and without regard for the people whom it affects. Because humanity has no control over love, it cannot be held responsible for the feelings it evokes. This force is so far beyond the cognitive capabilities of man that is "ceases to be worthy" of a simple definition or "that name" that society has given it. The idea that man becomes ?really possest with it,? posits love as a supernatural force. One usurped by this force can no longer be held accountable because he cannot be ?master of his actions.? The human being is little more than a victim, much as one might be victim to a "misfortune" such as ?poverty, sickness or deformity.? Essentially, love is a disease that anyone of "human nature" is susceptible to."
Abstract This essay reviews ?The Dubliners,? as a story not only about the Irish who live in Dublin, but as a story of a people with a long heritage, rooted in their beliefs and their religion. It is the story of the power of religion, not only over the people, but also over the entire country. The author claims that Joyce's distrust, dislike, and censure of the Catholic Church is critical to the very core of the book.
From the Paper "James Augustine Joyce was born in a wealthy Dublin suburb in 1882. "The Joyce family was initially well off as Dublin merchants with bloodlines that connected them to old Irish nobility in the country" (Borey). He was one of ten children.James attended an expensive Jesuit boys" school, which he later wrote about in "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man." However, his father tended to spend money lavishly and was often unemployed and the family fortune dwindled. He still associated with his wealthier friends, but the family moved often, and much of his time he spent on the streets. Financial woes continued throughout Joyce's boyhood. They followed him throughout his college life at University College in Dublin. They were there throughout his career, and often he would not have survived without the patronage of others.?
Abstract This paper explores how the issue of violence on television, which was raised in the past, is once more being given considerable attention in the media, by congress, and in the public at large. The writer comments that one of the driving forces behind the current concerns over televised violence is the fact that the public perceives American society as itself becoming more violent, in spite of crime statistics showing otherwise. The paper makes reference to a number of studies conducted on this topic while mentioning their failure to really answer the questions raised on increasing violence on TV and its effects.
From the Paper "While these questions frame the issue, they are questions that have not been answered. An attempt to answer some of these has been made in various studies, the most prominent of the recent examples being the report by the UCLA Center for Communication Policy. The authors of the report point out that everyone has an opinion about television violence precisely because television is so accessible and important in people's lives."
Abstract This paper shows how of all crimes manslaughter appears to afford most difficulties of definition, for it concerns homicide in so many and so varying conditions. It looks at how liability for manslaughter can arise from an unintentional killing caused by negligence ie. the omission of a duty to take care. It deals with the definition of manslaughter, the appropriate test and the jury direction. It also discusses the creation of a new head of common law manslaughter, reckless manslaughter and the implications of this turning of the law. Through examples of court cases, it analyses how proposed reforms will not only introduce much needed clarity but will allow the law to operate much more effectively as a mechanism of censure by reducing the net of liability to those truly responsible for the deaths they cause.
From the Paper "Lord Roskill in Seymour , took recklessness to be the most suitable term to express the kind of culpability required for this head of manslaughter. In this case the trial judge had directed the jury that they should convict if they were satisfied that he D had caused death, and had been reckless in doing so, recklessness here having the meaning attributed to in Lawrence . The House of Lords held, dismissing D's appeal, that the elements of common law manslaughter and motor manslaughter under the Road Traffic Act 1972 were the same, and the direction in R v. Lawrence was appropriate, save that it was also appropriate to point out to the jury that the risk of death being caused by the manner of the driving must be very high. The prosecution might charge either offence, but if both were charged, the prosecution must elect, upon which charge to proceed."
Abstract Through a reading of her memoir "Living History", this paper assesses Clinton's rise to leadership and her various strengths and weaknesses as a leader. The first part of the paper studies the first leadership roles of the young Hillary. The next part then evaluates Clinton's actions in light of the various theories discussed in Peter G. Northouse's "Leadership" and Lee G. Bolman's "Reframing Organizations". The next parts examine how she has gone on assuming new roles, from her political conversion to a Democrat and her early career as a lawyer in Arkansas. Much of the paper is necessarily devoted to her leadership role as the First Lady amid much scandal, public adulation, and public censure. In the last section, the paper summarizes how the theories on leadership help shed light on the processes and decisions made by Clinton through various points in her career.
From the Paper "Unlike them, Clinton was clearly not interested in this delicate, secondary form of leadership. Rather, she became an active participant in several of her husband's most important campaigns ? from health care to welfare reform. When her term as First Lady ended, she extended her leadership role further in her new position as New York's junior senator."
Abstract The paper portrays Kate Chopin as a brilliant author and a fighter for women's rights in society. The paper centers on the book by Chopin,"The Awakening" which is a frank portrayal of a woman's social, sexual, and spiritual awakening. The paper criticizes the critics of Chopin's book who denounced it and caused it to be banned from general use. Finally the author concludes,in his opinion, that Kate Chopin was too early for her time in her opinions, but in modern day she would have been accepted.
From the Paper "Whether readers understood many of the implied messages in Chopin's stories, they enjoyed the fine detail of her style, spare in its narrative but shaped by sensual detail of the soft southern nights, of the delights of food and dancing, of flirtation and sexual anticipation. But when Edna Pontellier, raised in Presbyterian propriety and a mother of two sons, responds to another Alcee, Chopin, the public thought, had gone too far. "I am no longer one of Mr. Pontellier's possessions to dispose of or not" she tells the young man she loves: "I give myself where I choose. "
Abstract This paper reviews and critiques the book "Russell Rules: 11 Lessons on Leadership" by Bill Russell and David Falkner. The paper explains that the core of the book's focus is on how to communicate successfully. According to its so-called Russell's Rules, not only do effectual leaders need to become adept at identifying change, but also in dealing with it and making a commitment to use it to their best advantage. The paper reviews each of the book's 11 rules about change, commitment and communication. The author of this paper concludes that he agrees with most of Russell's suggestions, except for in one area. Unlike Russell, the author of this paper does not support change merely for the sake of change. He argues that this is what caused the "New Coke" fiasco, the widespread censure of Windows '98 and a host of other business-related disasters.
From the Paper "Russell also points out that "good questions are more important than easy answers" (Rule #1 of commitment and curiosity) and that "curiosity is a process" (Rule #2). Yet later in the book, the author admits that changing a negative situation into a positive one is not always an easy task. Russell suggests that people can resist change for a number of reasons. These include self-interest, such as instances in which an individual has achieved status, privilege or self-esteem through the effective use of a traditional system. In these cases, the individuals will usually perceive certain changes such as an increase in employee empowerment to be an ominous threat because their ego overshadows their common sense. The author also points out that fear of the unknown is another factor that can facilitate the creation of imaginary barriers to success."
Abstract This paper provides a textual reading of a poem by one of Arabia's most celebrated wine song poets, Abu Nuwas. It focuses on the elements of Nuwas' poetry that are most reflective of Arabic wine songs as well as those elements uniquely his own, including his focus on the joys of urban life, wine and drinking, and lust for adolescent boys.
From the Paper " Philip F Kennedy maintains that Abu Nuwas is considered by most literary historians to be the finest wine poet of the Arabic tradition. Nuwas, a homosexual, devotes many of his wine songs to subjects relating to love lust and sexuality..."
Abstract This paper explores the topic of slavery in the Islamic world with the intention of showing that, contrary to some popular myths, the slave trade was not a European invention but that there was already a well established industry in this regard prior to European colonization. In this article, the writer relates the contention made in many articles and studies, that the fact of slavery in the Islamic world has not received the same moral criticism and censure as the better known slavery in the European world. Furthermore, the writer notes that scholars also state that not only did Muslim slavery predate European slavery in Africa, but it has also been more resistant to abolition than European slavery; and in some instances the claim is made that the Islamic slave trade provided the model and motivation for slavery for other cultures and nations.
Outline:
Introduction
Evidence of the Pre-Colonial Islamic Slave Trade
The Characteristics of Slavery in Islam
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper "The fact of Islamic slavery is further substantiated by the attitude towards slavery from the tenets of the Islamic faith. In Islam and the Koran there is a general acceptance of slavery as part of social life. However this fact should come as no surprise, as slavery is one of human societies most endemic and ancient institutions; and a defense of slavery can, for example, be found in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible as a basic feature of human civilization. Neither were the Islamic nations the first to enslave Africans. Before them the Egyptians enslaved Africans on a large and systematic scale."
This paper uses the writings of Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, Jean-Baptiste Colbert and Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu to describe the court of King Louis XIV, absolute monarch of France.
Abstract This paper explains that King Louis XIV, who reigned over France from 1643 to 1715, was one of the most infamous absolute monarchs of Europe. The author reports that, in his reign, the powers previously given to the Estates General were made obsolete thus making all of the Kings subjects, regardless of rank, pawns of the ruling dictator. The paper points out that Louis XIV had many critics who disapproved of his absolute power and censured the frivolous manner in which he ruled his court. The author relates that, through Colbert's implicit and careful diplomacy, the secret diary writings of the duc de Saint-Simon and the contrived, fictional letters penned by Montesquieu, the modern reader is presented with an accurate picture of the tensions of the times, the trivialities of the monarchs, and the discontent that was secretly raging behind the absolute monarchy.
From the Paper "In the early years of his reign, Louis XIV had as his General of Finances Jean-Baptiste Colbert, who, it can be deduced from his writings, knew just as well as his advisors and mistresses did how to best manipulate the King, as well as provide his negative opinions on the state of the monarchy to the general public without incurring the anger or Louis XIV. Colbert, who in 1664 wished to convince Louis XIV to participate in overseas trade, while also hoping to sway the general public to be of this opinion as well, wrote of the tumultuous state of the monarchy."
