This paper presents the thesis that media conglomerates and oil corporations use deliberate strategies of censorship, propaganda and globalization to discredit the effectiveness of government.
Abstract The paper contends that large corporations utilize strategies of censorship, propaganda and globalization that alienates the populace and destroys people's faith in being governed. The paper explains that this is in order to restructure a supra-capitalist, technocratic society. The paper shows the difference between censorship and propaganda and discusses how globalization can cause a level of propaganda that leads people to believe that censorship is what they want and need.
From the Paper "What is the difference between censorship and propaganda? "Intelligent men must realize that propaganda is the modern instrument by which they can fight for productive ends and help to bring order out of chaos" (Bernays 168) . Censorship is the "suppression of information, whether purposeful or not, by any method--including bias, omission, underreporting or censorship--that prevents the public from understanding what is happening in society" (Jensen 419) . Webster is more to the point. A censor is one "who reads communications and deletes forbidden material" (Webster 135) . Since there are many different kinds of information or knowledge in society that need to be forbidden because they are harmful to certain groups (i.e., the use of drugs, pornography, assault weapons), what rationale legitimizes suppressed information as forbidden and therefore potentially harmful? The rationale is "to bring order out of chaos" by the instrument of propaganda: "the conscious and intelligent manipulation of the masses" (Bernays 37)."
Abstract This paper shows how a country as a whole can be influenced by government propaganda. It evaluates how propaganda can be a powerful tool to guide the citizens toward cooperation on government policies that focus on national rather than individual need by examples such as the issues of censorship and birth control in Communist China.
From the Paper "Communist China may be one of the best examples of a culture situated within a political entity ripe for the use of propaganda. The People's Republic of China does not afford its citizens freedom of speech, freedom of association, or freedom of the press. The government has final censorship rights over all forms of communication including all of the arts. The great majority of Chinese citizens do not have access to the Internet. Thus, the Chinese government is able to control, nearly completely, what the citizens of their country hear."
Tags: war, communist, china, iraq, gulf, war, censorship, freedom, of, speech
Abstract Censorship in media is the management and control of the ideas and information circulated surrounded by a society. This paper examines how, in contemporary times, censorship denotes the assessment of media including periodicals, books, motion pictures, plays, and television as well as radio programs, for the purpose of suppressing or altering parts thought to be distasteful. The paper examines the censorship process on the media.
Paper Outline
Introduction
Censorship of Media
Books/Printed Materials
Films
Music
Corporate Media
Advertising
References
From the Paper "Corporate media is a term of mockery used by media critics in American political conversation, particularly by progressives and leftists, to entail that the mainstream media is maneuvered by large multinational companies. The critics mention that the major nationwide networks, CBS, NBC, and ABC, and most if not all of the smaller cable channels, are in possession of large corporations: CBS Corporation, General Electric, and Disney correspondingly that they say control and clean out news that does not fit their business schema. They also dispute that the programming on Fox News Channel plainly reflects the traditional perspectives of Rupert Murdoch, who owns and heads FOX parent company News Corp., over and above Roger Ailes, the CEO of FOX News itself."
This paper discuses two Chinese media articles about the agricultural situation in 1960 as examples of the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) use of propaganda.
Abstract This paper explains that, until the 1970s, sinologists and others studied the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) media for clues as to what might be occurring in Mainland China of which there was much conjecture. The author compares the reports from two 1960 CCP media releases, which were prepared for the national Chinese audience by the People's Republic of China (PRC), with what is now known about the terrible Communist planning error in the agricultural sector during the late 1950s and early 1960s. The paper concludes that all media materials from Beijing were expected to be propaganda; therefore, the Chinese public became adept at discerning what really might be happening. The author stresses that this reflective habit is still practiced in the PRC, despite much liberalization of the mass media.
Table of Contents
Introduction
'Go to the First Line of Agriculture!'
'Advance Payment of Wages Every Month Stimulates Enthusiasm of the CCP'
Mao's Famine
Concluding Discussion
From the Paper "The article seems to fit with a great deal that appeared through the month of September 1960 to do with agricultural gains, work still to be done, the potential for China to become a kind of agrarian paradise, and general applause for the rural laborer. In the article discussed, rural toil is said to be very good for cadres who may still be bureaucrats or people otherwise not yet exposed to the soil. Readers in the cities, or for that matter in Hong Kong or Taiwan or wherever else refugees from the Communist state had fled, had reason to wonder what was meant by the "transfer of large numbers of cadres ..."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that propaganda was used more during WWI than in any other war that had preceded it. The writer looks at the reasons for this and explains that due to globalization, propaganda was needed to tell the common person exactly who the country was fighting, and why, because without clear cut reminders, it could get very confusing. The writer then looks at different forms of propaganda used due to technological advances. The writer concludes that propaganda is an effective media tool used by governments to influence their people in a way that they, as one person or a group of people, cannot.
From the Paper "The second reason that there was more propaganda than in previous wars was the fact that this war was far more brutal than any others that had gone before it. The new technology used in this war guaranteed a much higher loss of life, from deadly mustard gas that could kill from a distance and had an extremely high fatality rate, to the new vehicles being used for the first time, such as tanks and cars, also with very high mortality rates., Also increasing the brutality in this war was the new concept of trench warfare, which contributed greatly to many new diseases such as trench foot, that killed soldiers in alarmingly high numbers. Because of the large amount of brutality in this war, propaganda was essential to the home front. Propaganda was used to belay the concerns of those left at home, and to help keep them optimistic and patriotic towards the war effort."
Abstract This paper discusses how, through the globalization of the media, American culture is dominating the world and threatens to undermine the cultures of other countries. The paper then looks at the use of censorship in other cultures and the sometimes unsuitable use of the American style media in places like South Africa. The paper discusses how the American global media conglomerates could be given the opportunity to control the information that enters each and every household in the world and looks at how the Canadian government is actively attempting to limit the amount of American media that enters into the country. The paper asserts that more countries need to follow this lead in order to protect their culture and their way of life.
From the Paper "With so many cultures all over the world, it is easy to see why there could be problems regarding the globalization of media, since different cultures will interpret events differently. For example, the ongoing War in Iraq will be covered differently by various news outlets in different countries, depending on those countries' cultural beliefs. In Muslim culture, an individual would be labeled as a hero for committing a martyr attack, while North American Christian culture would label such an event in a negative manner. Since it is a culture issue, there really is no right or wrong, as everything is based on interpretation. The problem with the globalization of media is that one of the cultures would have to sacrifice hearing the events in the manner that it would be accustomed to hearing it in."
Abstract This paper looks at M. Veseth's critique of the propaganda of globalization, noting that the nation state is not declining, or disappearing, as we are told by governments, or theorists. Instead, countries are becoming colonies within a neo-liberal and mainly American-led empire. The individual needs to scrutinise developments closely. The paper also discusses the helpfulness of the multicultural city such as Toronto where information is easily obtained on developments, elsewhere.
From the Paper "This paper is written by a resident of Toronto, Canada, one of the world's most multi ethnic cities, a centre that offers access to limitless opinion on developments in more than 100 countries from which Toronto's residents come, or of which they have other experience. It is quite possible to have an outlook of globalism if living in Toronto, yet one is strongly aware of being in Canada, a distinctive country, whatever has been written about the 'retreat of state', as argued by Strange, in a diffusion of national power to the global level."
Abstract This paper discusses the good and bad sides of censorship and points out the need for a balance. The paper focuses on three types of censorship: military censorship, censorship of pornography and violence, and ideological censorship. The paper contains an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper "The concept of censorship is relatively simple: material that is harmful to people in some way should not be allowed to circulate where they can see, hear or be influenced by it. Material that incites people to commit acts of violence..."
Abstract The topic of censorship is usually applied to less-developed countries, but it is crucial to remember that censorship is found in varying aspects in all countries. This paper addresses England as a country that promotes censorship as both a mechanism for civil defense and a means of ensuring the welfare of their citizens.
Abstract This paper provides three essays on the impact of global entertainment on culture, values, national identity and the filmmaking industry. The paper looks at the effect of new communication technologies, and of American culture and capitalism on global world.
Tags: Latin America, Asia, Europe, media, communications technologies, Hollywood, cinema, film production, economies of scale, economics, state control, censorship, trade
Abstract The focus of this paper is to discuss the censorship of a Newberry Medal children's book, "The Highest Power of Lucky," by Susan Patron. More specifically, the writer questions whether the word "scrotum" should cause a Newberry Medal children's book to be banned from libraries. The writer also discusses whether librarians have the right to ban a book because it has a word or phrase that relates to sex. The writer maintains that the censorship of books is wrong, especially when the book is being banned due to one word or phrase.
Outline:
Looking at the Book, "The Highest Power of Lucy"
Why the Author Used the Word
Censoring Children's Books
Censorship Creating Problems with Educational Staff
The Problems with Censorship
From the Paper "Only at the end of the book does Lucky trust her guardian to ask the meaning of the word. Lucky is similar to many students today who have single parents in their lives. Lucky can also be compared to many latchkey children who fend for themselves while their parents are at work. Many of these children learn words and actions that are not appropriate, but it is a part of their every day life. Reading about Lucky will not reveal words that these children know anyway."
"When deciding to ban a book, the librarian should consider the purpose of the book. Why has the author created this book? What is the main purpose of the book? These questions should be considered before deciding whether the book is inappropriate. The themes of the book center on Lucky becoming a grown-up who needs to learn about language and body parts. If Lucky does not learn the meaning of words from her guardian, then more than likely she will learn about different words from her peers. Children will learn the definitions to different words whether they do it through parents, friends, or peers. Would it be better to learn different words from parents or peers?"
Abstract This is a persuasive paper that analyzes the proponents of censorship. In recent years, the American entertainment industry has undergone vast changes in aspects such as music, television and Internet, and what began as innocent entertainment is no longer. Censorship is emerging into the limelight once again, as children are immensely affected by what they see, and their intentions of repeating what they see makes censorship ever more important today. The amount of violence in all forms of entertainment must somehow be regulated or censored in some way to protect the innocent youth of today.
From the Paper "Please note the following: ?Where Them Ho's At;? ?Tits;? and ?Simple Instructions for Assembling a Bomb with Household Materials.? The title of a song, a word used in a TV drama, and something easily accessible from the Internet. What might these three things have in common? They are all salient factors in the corruption of today's youth. These are not the types of programs and songs our country's future leaders should have access to. "Entertainment" such as this has been proven to cause aggression in young children, causing them to be more prone to use violence to settle disputes. It also exposes children to adult situations they are not yet suited to understand, which in turn confuses them. More stringent laws must be passed for the sake of our nation's impressionable, innocent young children."
Abstract A paper which explains how the American Congress has interpreted the First Amendment when deciding on levels of censorship. The paper explores the different issues of what is and what is not defined as freedom of speech. Examples of what is not covered by the First Amendment may be obscenity, "fighting words" and incitement. The paper also discusses how, with the growth of the Internet, the laws should grow with technology and adapt themselves accordingly.
From the Paper "An area which is not yet completely clear is the subject of Commercial Speech. Deceptive commercial speech can be banned by government, but further regulation of corporations must be taken on a case by case basis. The government can also control speech that is intended and likely to incite lawless action. This also applies in a situation where the speech poses a clear and present danger to the nations security. This is known as "incitement" and was decided in the case of Brandenburg v. Ohio."
Based on the premise that the media dictates our body images, this paper asserts that the judicious use of censorship could help combat eating disorders.
It is a simple fact that 15-year old, rail-thin girls are modeling clothes targeted at the 20-35
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, 2002, $ 35.95
Abstract There is a clear and identifiable link of causation between the media and the engaging in self-destructive behaviors by consumers that could be easily broken with judicious use of censorship. Overwhelmingly, research demonstrates that there are direct links between images seen on television and in magazines and perceptions of the self among consumers of those images. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate that through a conscientious censorship effort we can effectively end the epidemic of body image and related eating-disorder problems that has been wracking our culture for generations.
Abstract This paper discusses the similarities and differences between propaganda and advertising. It presents two contrasting models and many examples to show these similarities and differences. The paper concludes by claiming that although propaganda is different from advertising, advertising is not different from propaganda.
Outline:
Model or Paradigm Case
Contrary or Opposite Case
Borderline Case
Related Concept
Invented or Imaginary Case
Social Context
Practical Results
Results in Language
Interior Dialogue
Essay Outline
From the Paper "Does propaganda depend on one's intent? To what extent is an aim of merely making people aware of something separate from other aims such as trying to get them to change their behavior, or their attitudes? This is a good related concept, because it shares features of advertising and some of the tools of propaganda, but can be done without any intent to change people. It changes the absolute nature of the concepts, and makes on question whether awareness isn't, in itself, a changed state of being--that could possibly change one's perceptions or future behavior, regardless of the intent of the publicist or PR professional's intention."
