Abstract This study attempts to identify the feasibility of and the costs associated with the installation of cellular communications towers in western Massachusetts that would provide adequate cellular radio coverage for the subject communities of Ware, Pelham and Shutesbury. Also investigated in the paper are funding sources, the impact on the environment and surrounding populations and the studies and permits that must be obtained before construction can commence.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Budgetary Considerations
Environmental Impact Requirements
Conclusion
From the Paper "The use of cellular communications devices in the United States has become virtually ubiquitous and Americans have embraced this technology in a major way; an unfortunate concomitant of this explosive growth in cellular communications, though, has been the need for frequently unsightly communications towers that can be as tall as 250 feet. While many companies have sought environmentally friendly alternatives by disguising these structures, the need for them remains solidly in place. There were more than 57,000 radio transmission sites throughout the country, with an estimated 110,000 antennae already in place by the end of 2002 (Tuesley 887). This proliferation of communications towers is a fundamental function of the explosive demand for wireless service and new technologies. For instance, in his essay, "Cellular tower proliferation in the United States," Thomas A. Wikle (2002) reports that cellular telephone towers have been placed in a growing number of cities, suburbs, and towns of America. This author estimates that more than 128,000 cellular antennae would be installed across the United States by the end of 2005 (Wikle 44). Clearly, cellular companies (also known as cell or wireless service providers) are under an increasing amount of pressure to extend their networks' geographical boundaries. Forecasts in the late 1990s suggested that 100,000 cellular telephone towers would be in place by 2010; in fact, though, by the end of 2001 that total had already been exceeded (Wikle 44)."
The cellular phone has changed our society in many ways. The cell phone is changing the way people live, work, interact, socialize and could also have deleterious effects on your health.
Abstract This piece examines the effects of the cellular phone on our society. It explains how the cell phone is changing the way people live, work, interact, socialize, and could also have deleterious effects on your health.
From the Paper "The invention of cellular technology took place at Bell Labs in 1947, but government regulations slowed the process for licensing for nearly 35 years. Back in 1880, Alexander Graham Bell invented what was known as the Photophone. This invention used the principle behind the telephone to transmit words on a beam of light. But it took nearly another century before we would use this technology to its fullest capabilities. Cellular phones have been around for two decades, but early on only the wealthy were able to afford the technology. It was not until cell phones began to shrink in size and price that people began to depend on them (Royes 1992)."
Abstract Thispaper explores the best ways in which cellular phone technology would evolve over the next ten years, and the importance the technology will have for society. The main change is toward greater equality.
Tags: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY / TECHNOLOGIES AND SOCIETY, future cellular technology
Abstract This paper examines the factors affecting globalization in China, and compares and contrasts the cellular phone market in China with that of Russia. The paper discusses the effect of the economic disparity between urban and rural Chinese.
From the Paper "China has had a relatively stable political system in place since the Second World War but upheaval in the political environment has occurred now and again ..."
Abstract This paper discusses the anatomical and physiological processes of cellular metabolism and anabolism, including what each is and what each does, the distinguishing characteristics between the two, how enzymes control the metabolic process, how cells access energy for their activities, how metabolic pathways are regulated and what the metabolic pathways of carbohydrate metabolism are.
From the Paper "Metabolism is a chemical process that is performed by any living organism, at the cellular level, in order to balance energy. This energy balance is done by processing nutrients that come into the body at the cellular level, and the end result is the maintenance of life. Metabolism, really, is a combination of two separate types of reactions. The first type of reaction that makes up metabolism is catabolism. Catabolism is a decomposition reaction and thus is exergonic, which means that this type of reaction produces more energy than it consumes. Another term for this would be exothermic, that catabolism produces heat. Catabolic reactions take the energy stored in organic molecules and release this energy. Some important catabolic reactions that take place at the cellular level are the Krebs cycle, the electron transport chain, and glycolysis. In many ways, anabolism is the opposite of catabolism. "
Abstract This paper analyzes the cellular telephone industry in terms of factors affecting its growth and pricing, noting that the cellular telephone has gone from a product used only by the wealthy to a product sold to millions of people, a product on which more and more people rely daily, and a product much less expensive than when it was first introduced, to the point today where cellular telephones are given away by many, while money is made from connections to the company providing cellular telephone service.
From the Paper "The cellular telephone has gone from a product used only by the wealthy to a product sold to millions of people, a product on which more an d ore people rely daily, and a product much less expensive than when it was first introduced, to the point today where cellular telephones are given away by many, while money is made from connections to the company providing cellular telephone service. Once the initial growth phase of the cellular industry was completed, the industry was able to give more attention to its future. In that early period, the industry faced a number of concerns about certain developments and certain questions that would affect future growth and development. Most of these have been given at least preliminary answers, and the system has changed and become more efficient. The product and service is clearly viable, and demand cost has been dropping."
Abstract The paper provides a description of the U.S. Cellular Corporation and its goals. The paper first describes the recruiting and hiring process at U.S. Cellular and the employees' integration within the corporate culture. The paper then turns to the benefits offered by the company to its associates that include training, a medical plan, a pension plan and flexible hours.
Outline:
Company Description
New Employee at U.S. Cellular Benefits of the U.S. Cellular Employee
From the Paper "During recent years, U.S. Cellular has been engaged in growth and development strategies, managing in 2007 to add a total number of 297,000 new clients to their already existent customer base. This resulted in increased need for more staff and the human resource department had to develop the personnel planning, process through which they identify the present and future staffing needs of the organization. Another major change that generated implications was the introduction of newer and better technologies. These brought about a net increase in the quality of the products and also managed to increase the efficiency of the operations process, but forced the company employees to develop along. And this education and training of the personnel is an ongoing process within U.S. Cellular who wishes to benefit from the best employees that add value to the organization and help it differentiate its products and services."
Abstract All cell phone services promise better rates and better services to their customers but only technological advances can truly provide a longer lasting battery life for cell phone users. The paper shows that the overall goal of the cellular phone industry and its users is to improve the quality and length of service of cell phones, without requiring the phones to be charged as often as they must be at present, on as consistent a basis as before. Consumers want this to be accomplished at the lowest price possible and companies wish to provide a competitive price. The paper shows that the cellular phone battery market, given the changing nature of the technology and its relatively new status on the market represents a highly competitive and volatile industry. However, new advances in cell phone technology could give potential innovators a lock on the market. The paper examines two existing cellular phone batteries - Nickel Cadmium and Lithium Ion.
From the Paper "Users of cellular phones are currently faced with a dilemma of quality versus expense. The solution for the industry would be to provide an inexpensive form of technology that allows users to top up on their charge as often as users want. However, at present this is easier envisioned than accomplished with current technology. In a November 2, 2002 article in the trade journal Battery News, Tyco Electronics Power Systems Inc., a supplier of telecommunications power equipment, and Valence Technology Inc., a developer and manufacturer of Saphion technology and Li-on polymer rechargeable batteries, are said to be collaborating "to evaluate and develop Valence's Saphion Li-on technology" in the hopes of creating inexpensive Li-on batteries. A cellular battery that is inexpensive, does not suffer from voltage depression, and can be recharged on the convenience of the user, and poses no environmental hazards may be in the works. Should this be developed, the competition amongst cellular phone services would escalate, unless only one type of phone or service secures a patent over these potentially inexpensive Li-on batteries."
Abstract This paper discusses the amazing cellular technology and explores how it has impacted the world economy. Current cellular services are described. The paper examines how cellular technology has allowed organizations to increase productivity, revenues, and customer satisfaction.
From the Paper "In today's fast-paced, hyper-competitive, globalized world, technology continues to play an increasingly important part. One such technology is cellular technology. The world has evolved simply from talking on cell phones to conducting a good portion of their lives utilizing cellular technology. Thanks to advancements in technology, people can do more things than ever via their cellular phones. Users can take pictures and send video wirelessly. They can send and receive e-mail and instant messages from friends, family and business associates. Cell phones today are now Internet portals."
Abstract This paper discusses the model A670 cellular phone from Samsung and the history of cell phones in general. This paper reviews how cellular phone models are continuously getting more compact and lighter in weight. This paper also draws the attention to the dangers of using a cell phone.
From the Paper "In this day and age, cell phones are everywhere. Even five or ten years ago, the cost and size of cell phones were prohibitive reasons for people not to constantly have their unit in use. But with the advent of affordable calling plans and tiny, lightweight cellular phones, these devices have become commonplace among all walks of life, all ages, and in any and all physical settings. One of the most popular and commonly seen cell phone models is Samsung's A670 phone. This phone is popular among users because of its inexpensive pricing, its small design, and the availability of extra features because of said popularity and volume. Yet, with the many positives and status quo nature of cell phones, and this model in particular, come some negatives. In the past years, researchers have linked cell phones not only to automotive fatalities, but to cancerous tumors, as well."
Abstract This paper examines how cellular phone infrastructure expanded in Hong Kong earlier and more effectively than it did in North America giving them a five to ten year lead on familiarity with cellphone customs. The paper also looks at how the later entrenchment of cellular phone technologies in North America accounts for the cultural differences in the usage and saturation of cellular phones and of SMS and other advanced services. In addition, the paper shows how the differences in cellphone use between Hong Kong and North America can be traced to infrastructure and are not easily explained by Marxist theories of differential use.
From the Paper "Sociological theories of technology suggest that artifacts may reflect political and cultural realities. Differential cellular phone usage between North America and Canada reflects a political and cultural reality: telecommunications infrastructure in the United States and Canada continues to emphasize land lines, and cellular phone services are less entrenched as a result. In Hong Kong the reverse is true: land lines were far less embedded in the culture. Consumers embraced the new technology readily in Hong Kong because unlike in North America there was no need to transfer land line services over to cellular phones. Cellular phone service is more widespread and reliable in Hong Kong and consumers there expect to use their cellular phone as a primary means of communication regardless of the rate plans."
Abstract The paper discusses the benefits of the cellular phone and the direct and indirect consequences of the increased use of cellular phones. The paper looks at how this innovation has been reinvented many times over and discusses the effectiveness of opinion leaders and change agents in this case. The paper examines the communication channel and interpersonal network used for diffusion of the cellular phone and shows how this innovation has already made a tremendous impact on the way the world communicates.
Outline:
Introduction
History of the Innovation
How Rapidly is the Change Occurring and Why?
What Will be Direct and Indirect Consequences of the Change?
Has the Innovation that is Diffusing Been Reinvented?
Who are the Opinion Leaders and Change Agents?
Opinion Leaders and Change Agents Effectiveness or Ineffectiveness
What Communication Channels Did They Use and What Networks?
How Will This Innovation or Change Affect the Future and Future
Changes?
Conclusion
From the Paper "The cellular phone was first introduced to the American public in 1983, and worked off of cells located in metropolitan areas, hence its name, the "cell" phone. Those who used the device in the early days were primarily male executives, who were offered the device as a "perk" since the cell phone at that time cost approximately $3,000.00. As the years passed, the price dropped and in 1993, "one in three cellular phones was sold for nonbusiness use" (Rogers, 2003, p. 245). The rest, as they say, is history, and now almost every household has at least one (1) individual who possesses a cellular telephone."
This paper discusses that the use of cellular phones while driving can cause severe impairment to the cognitive abilities of drivers, in turn leading to an increased risk of accidents and driving errors.
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that cell phone use in vehicles is a growing concern around the globe. The writer points out that many individuals and authorities believe that the use of cellular phones while driving contributes to the number of motor vehicle accidents on the road systems. The writer discusses that cognitive psychologists have studied this matter thoroughly in order to determine whether or not cellular phones pose a risk to driver performance. The majority of these studies have confirmed the suspicions and provided empirical evidence showing that the use of a cell phone while driving severely decreases driver attention and slows down reaction times to visual stimuli. This paper discusses two studies in particular that examine the perception of visual stimuli by drivers in relation to cellular phone use. Furthermore, research is proposed that would build upon the two articles discussed by combining the topics and determining exactly what kinds of hands-free devices used with cell phones, if any, are the most effective in creating a safe driving environment.
Outline:
Abstract
References
From the Paper "In today's technology driven world nearly everyone takes measures to increase their accessibility to the outside world. These measures include e-mail, fax, the Internet, and cellular phones, just to name a few. However, as with all new advancements in technology and society, the increased accessibility to the outer world comes with a number of negative side effects or drawbacks. One area in which these drawbacks are highly pronounced is driving. Driving used to be a relatively simple task, with few cars on the road, few distractions, and a lack of any form of technology within the vehicle beyond a steering wheel, gear shift, mirrors, gas pedal and break - all items required for driving the vehicle. Today, however, cars come equipped with high powered stereo systems, compasses, electronic-visual navigation systems, televisions, drink holders, fax machines, outlets for computers, and cellular phones. "
This research considers the telecommunications technology company, Sony, and its participation in the cellular phone market both in the United States and elsewhere around the world.
Abstract This paper begins by providing an introduction of the telecommunications technological market of the past decade. It discusses the growth of the wireless telecommunications phenomena. It then analyzes Sony's role in this market and the background to the development of Sony cellular phones. It examines Sony's cellular phone marketing strategy and looks at the future direction of the industry, and how Sony's future fits into this picture.
From the Paper "Barely 100 years after its introduction, the telephone has become a ubiquitous part of daily life for many consumers around the world. Developed nations, in particular, embraced rapid integration of telephone technology during the twentieth century, and telecommunications fueled the growth of computers and globalization during the last half of that century. However, innovation in telecommunications also meant that the telephone underwent considerable change during the 1900s. During the early part of the century, party lines and operators were required for most calls in the United States; eventually, local calls could be dialed directly, but long-distance calls required operator assistance. Transoceanic cables made it possible to place international calls directly by the last quarter of the century, but phones were still fixed machines. In the last decades of the century, the telephone and radio were joined to create wireless communication using technology that resembled a telephone (and telephone numbers), but which were actually radio messages. Wireless phones came down in price, increased in accessibility, and are now common not only among physicians and others who need to be in close contact with offices, but among students and ordinary consumers. The explosive growth of telecommunications technology also has opened up opportunity for manufacturers of cellular phones, and the market has attracted some companies which are typically recognized for participation in other industries."
Abstract This paper discusses the article, ?Cellular Phones: Policymakers Consider the Effects of Highway Usage? by Jamie Kanallakan, issued by the government on the dangers of cellular phones related to deadly car crashes and also their many benefits. It looks at how, as we head into the future, cell phone use is at an all-time high and how arguments conclude that cell phones, when used while traveling, are more beneficial on highways than harmful.
From the Paper "Cell phone use, whether hand- held or headset requires drivers to put their focus on more than one task of maneuvering around the streets. The phones require drivers not only to lose focus of your own driving, but cell phones cause them to loose focus of the driving environment around them. A key to driving is to be alert and defensive and the bottom line is that cell phones are a distraction while used when operating a vehicle. Drivers should keep their cell phones in the glove compartment until they are in a position where they are helping others instead of endangering them."
