Abstract This paper discusses cell towers and antennas and questions their safety in the community. The paper confirms that the number of cell sites has increased over the years in proportion to the expanding number of subscribers. These tower structures are erected on various locations such as parks, schools and fire houses. The paper considers if these towers really put us at risk and states that according to the Food and Drug Administration Act, exposure to cellphone radiation on the ground is significantly weaker than exposure on the direct path of the transmitted signal of the antenna. This exposure is several thousand of times less than the minimum safety levels recommended by expert studies. Thus the paper confirms that civilian exposure to cellphone radiation is well within the safety margins.
From the Paper "Electromagnetic radiation, composed of electric and magnetic energy moving at the speed of light, is the one feared by most people. The electromagnetic spectrum is a wide range of electromagnetic signals ranging from high-frequency x-rays and gamma rays to low-frequency radio waves. Your cellphone's electromagnetic radiation has a 3kHz-300GHz frequency. This falls just after the very low frequency like your computers and before or just the same frequency as your everyday microwave oven. And still the radiation coming from the sun poses more danger than your cellphone."
Abstract In late 1999, following a year that was characterized by a number of damaging product introduction delays, the residual effects of an earlier recall of 60,000 phones, reduced sales and increasing levels of intense competition in the marketplace, Sony closed down its cellphone production operation in North America. The paper shows that in order to remain competitive, Sony took a realistic look at the market, divested itself of operations in an area where it could no longer profitably compete, took advantage of outsourcing some of its manufacturing needs by means of the vehicle of utilizing outside contract manufacturing operations and further reduced costs associated with development by entering into a joint development agreement with Ericsson of Sweden. The paper looks at Sony's move in the context of the cellphone market in the United States, provides a product description and uses the Porter Five Forces Model to explain the forces that shape competition within an industry.
From the Paper "The Japanese digital cellular telephone market clearly foretells what cell phones, service and technology will look like in the future?worldwide. Whereas a few short years ago, when a cellular telephone rang in Japan, people would have to speak very loudly in order to be properly understood. Such is no longer the case. Today, instead of speaking on the phones, users are reading email, checking calendars, reviewing weather forecasts (and baseball scores), playing games, downloading text and sending messages. With the music-related innovation detailed above, users will soon be able to also have the strains of their favorite music with them as well. In essence, at least as far as Japan is concerned, this new phone has become the equivalent of the personal computer with wireless connectivity but with much more stringent design constraints (Yoshida, 2000)."
Tags: QUALCOMM, CDMA, Texas, Instruments, PlayStation
Abstract This paper examines how Apple's innovative, much-anticipated iPhone is a multimedia device, possessing a seemingly infinite array of technological capabilities and how it is a cellphone that enables the user to surf the Internet and send email, take pictures, listen to music and other downloaded media. The paper looks at the IPhone's target market as well as its market competitors iand includes a SWOT analysis.The paper also discusses the marketing techniques for the iPhone including the pricing strategy and distribution.
Outline:
Description/Identification of Company/Product/Service
Identification, Description and Analysis of Target Market
Identification, Description and Analysis of Industry Competitors
Identification, Assessment and Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting Your Selected Example
SWOT
Identification and Analysis of Strategies Used In Marketing:
Product/Service--Branding and Positioning
Pricing--Strategies Used and Why
Distribution--How Distributed, What Channels, Why
Promotion--Means Of Communicating To the Target or Other Audience--Rationale, Analysis, Effectiveness
Analysis of the Selected Product/Service/Company Life Cycle--Implications for the Company
Overall Review of Each Competitor's Marketing Efforts
From the Paper "At that same press conference where he announced the birth of the new incarnation of the iPhone, Jobs openly challenged Nokia, widely judged one of Apple's main competitors because of its recent release of its popular Nokia N95 and Palm Treo 750 (Markoff 2008). Nokia's greatest strength is its international scope, and it advertises itself on its website as "the world's leading mobile phone supplier and a leading supplier of mobile and fixed telecom networks including related customer services" (Nokia, 2008, Official Website). Nokia even keeps track of its revenue for investors in Euros, not in dollars, even on the U.S. section of its website, a testimony to its international focus. Even the consumer section of the website provides information, not on the beauty of the product, but upon Nokia's environmentally-friendly nature as a company, its affordability, and the general high quality of its cell phones and service. Its stated company focus is upon wireless Internet products that are affordable for consumers, rather than upon merging entertainment and communications technology together like Apple--although that is likely to change in the near future."
Abstract This paper examines how cellular phone infrastructure expanded in Hong Kong earlier and more effectively than it did in North America giving them a five to ten year lead on familiarity with cellphone customs. The paper also looks at how the later entrenchment of cellular phone technologies in North America accounts for the cultural differences in the usage and saturation of cellular phones and of SMS and other advanced services. In addition, the paper shows how the differences in cellphone use between Hong Kong and North America can be traced to infrastructure and are not easily explained by Marxist theories of differential use.
From the Paper "Sociological theories of technology suggest that artifacts may reflect political and cultural realities. Differential cellular phone usage between North America and Canada reflects a political and cultural reality: telecommunications infrastructure in the United States and Canada continues to emphasize land lines, and cellular phone services are less entrenched as a result. In Hong Kong the reverse is true: land lines were far less embedded in the culture. Consumers embraced the new technology readily in Hong Kong because unlike in North America there was no need to transfer land line services over to cellular phones. Cellular phone service is more widespread and reliable in Hong Kong and consumers there expect to use their cellular phone as a primary means of communication regardless of the rate plans."
Abstract The paper discusses how companies enter the markets in developing countries because of the major growth potentials and these countries' efforts in reducing or eliminating the barriers to entry. The paper focuses on the approach used by Mr Don Price that consists of making his cellphone services cheap enough to be affordable by the rural poor, yet, expensive enough to be profitable for the organization. The paper then looks at the impediments facing new entrepreneurs entering the Indian cellphone market and provides recommendations for a company's entry into developing countries as well as for any other industry or country.
Outline:
Pursuing Developing Countries
Mr. Price's Strategy
Challenges in India
Recommendations Upon Entering Developing Countries
Recommendations for Other Industry or Country
From the Paper "Targeting developing countries is simply a marketing strategy aimed at attracting more customers. Generally, the markets in developed countries are mature or next to reaching maturity, meaning that the companies activating in this area must constantly strive to improve the quality of their products and services in order to maintain a competitive position. Consequently, this then means that the market potential for attracting new customers is limited, basically because all customers have been addressed so far. On the other hand, in developing countries, the market is rather new, absorbing and encouraging numerous businesses to enter. And even if in the respective countries, providers do exist, they have been unable to properly address all market segments."
Abstract Discusses Sony Electronics forming Personal Mobile Communications America (PMC America). Goal of the new unit in the digital cellular & personal communication services (PCS) sectors. Describes challenges of the market. Japan's marketplace. Product. Strategy including Porter Five Forces Model. Competitors. Role of consumer demand. Future strategy of Sony cellular telephone business.
From the Paper "In July 1982, Sony Electronics opened its Corporate Headquarters facility in Park Ridge, New Jersey. In June 1993, they opened a large operations center in Northern California. In January 1995, Sony formed Personal Mobile Communications America (PMC America), with headquarters in San Diego, California. This unit was formed (in Southern California) to pursue the strategic growth opportunities that were recognized, at the time, to be emergent in the digital cellular and personal communication services (PCS) sectors. This unit had its own captive marketing, sales, engineering, and manufacturing functions and represented a vertically integrated organization for Sony.
Among the product offerings for PMC America were Sony digital cellular telephone..."
Abstract An explanation of how Bluetooth technology works and its impact on technological innovation. The paper looks at the invention of Bluetooth, as well as its various uses and applications for phones, computers, Internet, and more.
Contents
Introduction
How It Works
Connection and Standby States
Uses in Business and Home
Printers
Cell Phones
Laptops and Desktop Networks
Bluetooth Already in Business
Corporate Support
PC Card
IBM
Microsoft and the OS
Cellphones Competition
Cable and Wire LANS
Home RF
802
From the Paper "Today the breakthrough wireless technology that bares the same name has similar intentions as Harald Blatand once did. It aims to unify all electronic devices under a common standard for short-range wireless communication. Bluetooth has the backing of over 2,000 companies including Microsoft, Intel, Motorola, and Nokia. Theses companies have unified under the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) who claim to be, ?working together to define and promote an open, royalty-free specification for seamless wireless connectivity and cable replacement for a wide variety of mobility-enhancing devices.? The project has been gaining momentum and support since its beginnings but some critics are not sure whether it will have the positive impacts many of its backers and consumers are hoping for. In recent months competition has become tougher from companies like Apple and Lucent who hope to put out their own standard of short-range wireless data transmission."
Abstract This paper explains that online radio, which simply rebroadcasts the content from existing, traditional radio stations or is solely virtual, has done the music industry much more good than harm because it is able to expose a greater diversity of people to artists and a greater diversity of artists to people. The author, using statistics, points out the correlation that the more you burn from the Internet, the more CDs you buy; therefore, the author seeks other causes for the lagging sales in the music industry, such as the recession, competition from other forms of entertainment, consolidation of radio stations, the ever-increasing CD prices, and even cellphones. The paper relates that the music industry's legal campaign against downloading is being circumvented by new technology, such as "Grouper", which only allows users to "stream" songs from a peer and, thus, operates legally under the "private performance" section of the copyright law.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of Online Radio
History of Music Downloads
Effects of Online Radio on the Music Industry
Effects of Music Downloads
Current Legal Status of Downloading
From the Paper "As technology increased, so did the popularity of file sharing software like Napster. Although the use of such file-sharing software to download non-copyrighted material is not illegal, the propensity was for users to download copyrighted materials ("File Sharing"). For the last few years, the legalities of file sharing have made the issue one of the central debates. Record companies and musicians argue on both sides of the issue. Most, however, feel that unauthorized music downloads infringe on their livelihood and have negatively affected the profitability of the music industry as a whole. However, this may not be true."
Abstract This paper refers to a broad mix of theory to do with the 1990s rise of mobile telephony among many teens in developed Western societies, implications for self and others, relations with family, and dependence versus independence. The paper takes careful note of how a 'global' trend is NOT universal and that those with access to cell phones in developing countries are found to engage in business, as opposed to being used by teenagers.
From the Paper "The Mobile Telephone Culture of 21st Century Teenagers Introduction This paper discusses the phenomenon of teen mobile telephone use that has normalized through the last decade in much of the developed world, and elsewhere, in cases of being able to afford a mobile telephone. Trends are reviewed, the possible implications of mobile telephones, and then, a prediction for the future. Ling has referred to, "the establishment of a culture of mobile telephony", among teenagers as opposed to adults. Teens tend to be perfectly adjusted to the everyday use of a medium that adults are more apt to view as a workday necessity."
Abstract The paper discusses how, although some may choose to disbelieve it, the grim reality is that anyone can become a casualty of a car accident precipitated by the careless use of cell phones by unthinking motorists. For instance, the New England Journal of Medicine revealed in a 1997 study that using a cell phone while driving increases the risk of a motor vehicle accident by four times compared to those periods when a driver is not using a cell phone.
Abstract This paper takes a look at the wonders of modern technology, focusing primarily on e-mail and IM, discussing the impact it has had on our lives. According to the paper, e-mail and IM not only draws us closer together, but also erects strange new barriers between us. This technology possesses the potential to isolate each of us within our own cocoons of created personality. The paper further discusses how the anonymity of those using these technologies also paves the way for potential abuse.
From the Paper "Groups bent on bigotry and social disruption can spread their messages quite easily in cyberspace. E-mail can be used to provide children, teens, and adults with false information; information that these individuals may not realize is inaccurate, or wholly incorrect; designed only to insight. The anonymity of the Net makes it is a simple matter for the organizations that disseminate these messages to keep their true identities and bases of operation secret. In addition, the fact that their communications are "one-on-one" - direct from themselves to their audience - abrogates the possibility of moderating influences in the form of other, more knowledgeable, individuals. Again, teenagers are especially open to this kind of manipulation. Criminals may attempt to recruit them into gangs, sending out IM's or e-mails that glorify their activities, or message. Parents may be unaware of cyber conversations being carried on by their children. Sometimes, e-mail and IM users are coerced by the very information they send and receive online. "
Abstract This paper describes Verizon's VZ Navigator service. The paper explains that, after downloading the VZ Navigator applet into his or her cell phone, the subscriber uses the phone keypad to feed in a city and street address or zip code; whereby, the phone immediately fixes on the destination by searching for the GPS-equipped nearest cell tower. The author relates that the servers of the phone service provider download mapping information to the subscriber's cellphone; thereafter, the handset is disconnected from the network, the phone locks onto the orbiting GPS satellites and the routing begins using an online map that is mobile while traveling. The paper reports that the system functions comparatively well; however, when the voice warns about forthcoming turns, there are occasions when street names are not pronounced right, the wrong name is given as a result of an error in the data entry of the central server or the mapping information is outdated.
From the Paper "The second menu is local search that provides basic searching tool informing about "local ATMs and Banks, Attraction and Recreation, Automotive, Business services, Health Care, Lodging, Personal Services, Places of Worship, shopping etc". The third menu of My Places provides quick access to the frequently locations which are being used. The Maps menu provides the maps of the area with real time updating, while moving. The Options menu allows changing the GPS options from metric unit display download options and altering the voice and detail of the VZ Navigator voice announcer."
Abstract The paper discusses how the United States government, through the National Security Agency, has monitored international cellphone calls without a search warrant. The paper looks at the Bush administration's arguments in support of this program vs. a federal court ruling that that the wiretap program is unconstitutional. The paper concludes that the Administration's belief in the President's inherent powers contradicts the Constitution.
From the Paper "In conjunction with the appearance before the Senate Judiciary Committee of Attorney General Alberto Gonzalez, the Administration issued a 42-page defense of the program, "Legal Authorities Supporting the Activities of the National Security Agency Described by the President" ["Legal Authorities"]. This paper makes four arguments in support of this program: (1) inherent presidential power; (2) the resolution calling for use of military force; (3) consistency with the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act; and (4) consistency with the Constitution."
"The Administration contends that the President has inherent powers which he can use without specific congressional sanction to protect the United States. In support of this claim, the Legal Authorities cites The Federalist Papers, No. 23 and No. 41, in which Hamilton and Madison argued that the President, holding the entire executive power of the nation, may act to protect the United States. ("Legal Authorities" 6-10)"
Abstract This paper explains that advertising media is being affected by technology, such as DVR and TIVO, which gives viewers the option to skip commercial breaks, and by online newspapers and magazines, which are causing print edition circulation to decline steadily. The author explains that advertisers are moving to Internet sites, such social networks and the virtual worlds, and even to cellphones. The paper relates that television advertising is being affected as corporations are realizing that the Internet gets their message out for a fraction of the cost of TV. The author concludes that the web is the new advertising frontier, but as society grows and evolves, so will the way corporations target consumers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Social Networks
Virtual Worlds
Other Technology and Web Based Ad Mediums
How Technology is Changing Advertising
Luxury Moves Online
Ad Blocks
Conclusion
From the Paper "Another form of online social sites that is beginning to gain momentum in the ad industry is virtual worlds. These sites are hybrids between games and social networks. They allow members to develop characters called avatars and then explore worlds and interact with other avatars. One of the leading avatar sets is Secondlife. Toyota, CSI, and other big name companies have put a lot of money into developing sites in Secondlife. National Geographic is currently considering launching sites in Secondlife in order to spread awareness and encourage travel."
