Abstract
This paper looks at the lymphatic system and the immune system. It compares blood, lymph and interstitial fluid, and compares lymph nodes with the spleen. It then examines humoral and cell-mediated immunity, primary and secondary immune responses, and the role of complement.

Tags:lymph, complement, cell-mediated vs humoral immunity

Abstract
The paper discusses how it is hard to imagine life today without computers, the Internet and cell phones, at least in this part of the world.

From the Paper
"What has had a bigger impact on our society: cell phones or the Internet? It is hard to imagine life today without computers, the Internet and cell phones, at least in this part of the world. In the developed world certainly cell phones, computers and the Internet have significantly changed the way we communicate, work and play. This paper will examine whether it is the Internet or cell phones that have impacted, both in a positive and a negative way, our society more. The paper will argue that it is the Internet that has had an overall greater impact, although the cell phone has also brought significant changes to the way we live. Both the cell phone and the Internet have had a great impact on the way we..."

Tags:internet, cell phones, society

Abstract
This paper covers the major pathways by which foreign antigens are identified and dealt with through the adaptive immune response which is paramount on B-cell and T-cell responses and interaction with one another in distinct pathways and steps. It includes several diagrams and their explanations of antigens, B-Cells, T-Cells, APC's and more and their interactions and processes they go through.

From the Paper
"All immune responses involving T-cell B-cell collaborations follow distinct pathways of interactions and development. These very pathways of the adaptive immune response are almost entirely dependant on the cellular interaction of B- cells and T- cells with one another. It is within each stage of these pathways and the progression of an adaptive immune response that we will concern ourselves. The following is a condensed synopsis of the adaptive immune response and the cellular interactions that will be the emphasis of this paper. Within secondary lymph tissues foreign antigen is presented to naive B-cells via their surface immunoglobulins (Igs) receptors. The same antigen is also presented to naive T-cells at this time. This presentation and subsequent recognition of antigen by both types of cells results in and end product of proliferation and development of naive B-cells into plasma cells whose function is the production of soluble immunoglobulins (antibodies), and the differentiation and development of memory B-cells whose function is to respond to subsequent exposure to the same antigen. However, this pathway is not self-sufficient and requires the direct interaction of activated T-cells, specifically "helper" T-cells (Th2 cells) 1,9. It is these T-cells in conjunction with the antigen presenting B-cells that interact to produce a hormonal response to infection. These interactions activate Th2 cells that in turn promote B-cell activation both through T-cell secreted cytokines, (interlukeinI1-2, 4 and 5), and also through direct cell to cell contacts involving specific surface proteins and corresponding receptors and the signaling initiated by the binding of these proteins to one another."

Tags:B-Cell, T-Cell, immune, system, responses, pathways, antibody, pathogens, vertebrate

Abstract
This paper is a proposal for a paper on stem cell research that clarifies the debate by examining stem cell journals such as "Stem Cells" and "The Oncologist" along with sources outside the medical community such as Dr. Tullio Simoncini and "Natural News" to develop a factual profile of the real properties and potentials of embryonic vs. adult stem cells with respect to their plasticity and the breakthrough modalities other than stem cell research that can offer solutions for serious diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease.

From the Paper
"The debate over stem cell research pivots not just on the ethical issue of the destruction of living embryos to supply embryonic stem cell research with biomaterial, but also with the difference in efficacy of stem cell research conducted with embryonic versus adult stem cells. With prominent politicians and celebrities arguing forcefully for the need for embryonic stem cell research, the real issue of stem cell plasticity is largely overlooked and little understood by the general public. Moreover, non-researchers are for the most part unaware..."

Tags:adult stem cell, embryonic stem cell, Tullio Simoncini, Natural News, Know the Cause, cancer, diabetes, Parkinson's, debate, Stem Cells, The Oncologist, plasticity, proposal

Abstract
A written analysis of the case of "Gonzales vs. Oregon", which is currently being debated at the Supreme Court level. This case stems from the 1994 passage of the Death with Dignity Act, which allows terminally ill and mentally competent individuals to obtain drugs that could be utilized in the state of Oregon. The current debate questions administrative law and whether the former Attorney General John Ashcroft's interpretation of the Federal Control Substance Act to outlaw these drugs is valid and if the Justice Department is overstepping its boundaries.

From the Paper
"Oregon voters approved the legalization of physician assisted suicide (PAS) in November, 1994. After being legally challenged the Oregon PAS law became effective in the latter part of 1987. Since 1998 and through 2004 there have been a total of 208 PAS deaths in the State of Oregon. There are existing concerns with the legalization of physician-assisted suicide and there has been a great debate about the legality and morality of this practice. All levels of American society look harshly upon the thought of the use of drugs or other means to hasten the death of someone even though they may be in excruciating terminal pain however, healthcare modernization has changed the very "character of death and dying." (Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, 2005) The case of Gonzales v. Oregon has arisen out of the debate which is one that is morally charged in nature as well as being the focus of lawsuits in relation to end-of-life decisions. However, this case has been subject to technical legalities and statutory interpretation."

Tags:u.s., supreme, court, assisted, suicide, immunity, controlled, substances, act, death, with, dignity, act, reno, thomas, constantine, ashcroft, directive

Abstract
This paper defines stem cells as primal undifferentiated cells which retain the ability to separate into other cell types which can be used as a repair mechanism to reproduce cells and repair systems in the body. The writer examines the negative side of stem cell research contending that there is evidence which states that the impact of this type of research on the human immune system as well as overall genetic growth will eventually decline. This paper also discusses the moral and ethical merits of stem cell research which is currently rife with controversy. Politics plays a large role in stem cell development, mainly due to funding. The writer contends that stem cells are too dangerous to be carelessly used and applied to the human race, while its continued research might be slightly beneficial, in the current stage the harms far outweigh the benefits.

From the Paper
"The first step in analyzing the effects of stem cell research is through the scientific perspective. Stem cell research is important for the advancement of science because of its ability to replicate exact copies of different cells. Stem cells are obtained from a clone of the specific patient's cells, and thus have a genetically identical fit with a stem cell. This cell then has the ability to produce either missing tissue, or even an entire organ that will allow the patient to function as normal. Unlike transplants within the body that could be rejected by the immune system if there is a possibility of incompatibility, the stem cell created organ is a perfect construction of the body's organ and thus will be accepted as the original inside the patient's body. This is why stem cell research is so highly touted, it allows for a new frontier of technology in the health sciences industry."

Tags:science, controversy, ethics, moral, social, medical, stem, cell, political, debate, funding

Abstract
This paper addresses the regulatory practices of the federal government, followed by a brief review of an involved hypothetical situation regarding sexual harassment by a state employee against another. The issues of regulating employees and due process are discussed as well as state immunity from civil action for the actions of its employee. Finally, the history of sovereign immunity is detailed from its origins at the formation of the Republic, its expansion via the 11th Amendment and the limitations and exclusions place upon it by Supreme Court decisions.

Tags:sovereign immunity, government regulation, 11th amendment

Abstract
This paper explores the issues of the violation of an individual's right to freedom from unreasonable search and seizure and the qualified immunity protection for individuals that are employed by governmental agencies that violate these rights. The paper focuses on a case that occurred in Georgia in 1996 where thirteen middle school students were strip searched in an attempt to locate a missing twenty six dollars. The paper discusses how the courts determined that the faculty and administration were not liable for the violation of their constitutional rights via qualified immunity.

From the Paper
"This paper shall explore the issues of the violation of an individual's right to freedom from unreasonable search and seizure and the qualified immunity protection for individuals that are employed by governmental agencies that violate these rights. The paper focuses on a case that occurred in Georgia in 1996 where thirteen middle school students were strip searched in an attempt to locate a missing twenty six dollars. The courts determined that the faculty and administration were not liable for the violation of their constitutional rights via qualified immunity."

Tags:qualified immunity, schools, search

Abstract
The paper discusses how technology has always had an effect on communication, and explores how new technology-mediated modes of communication such as social networking website, email, blog, Twitter, and the like are changing communication and de-centering the importance of face-to-face communication. The paper shows how these new types of technology are simply one of the latest steps in a steady series of technological developments designed to transmit information more effectively and efficiently throughout society.

From the Paper
"Without language, most of what makes us human would be impossible. Danesi explains: "Humans use language to encode knowledge, to pass it on to subsequent generations, to investigate reality, to communicate among themselves, to entertain themselves, and so on and so forth" (Danesi 2008:3). Language is a sign system, socially agreed upon, by which individuals can communicate with one another, sharing ideas and spreading knowledge. Without it, culture could not exist and a significant portion of the information we have would be lost forever."

Tags:technology, mediated, communication

Abstract
The paper presents an argument against the use of computer mediated counseling or online counseling.

From the Paper
"The Internet as described by Finn and Banach, offers individuals many avenues for obtaining information and support, including groups and counseling services that offer professional and/or self-help networks in a variety of health and human service-related areas. While the Internet is an excellent locus for obtaining information on such matters, it is not necessarily an ideal locus for receiving counseling or psychotherapeutic services. Lebow has pointed out that mutual support and information sharing the type of discourse for which the Internet seems..."

Tags:computer mediated counseling, online counseling