Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes Melton A. McLaurin's book "Celia: A Slave," following Celia's life until she was executed for murdering her master. First, the paper describes the circumstances under which Celia lived with the Newsom family, and how she was repeatedly raped by Robert Newsom, her master. Then, the paper describes her murder trail and her attorney's defense, which ultimately failed. Finally, the paper explores Celia's trial as a direct result of American policy of the time, which allowed blacks to be owned as slaves. It also addresses how Blacks were dehumanized by whites, which led to Celia's guilty verdict and execution. The paper concludes by stating that the review presents Celia's story as more than just a sad tale of sexual perversion and death, but also a treatise about the American justice system and society at the time.

From the Paper
"The trial also illustrates Celia's humanity, in that her attorney's presented her as a wronged woman, who had the right to save herself, in effect, comparing her with any white woman in the same circumstances. Unfortunately, the court and jury did not see it that way. The humane (and correct) thing to do would be to have acquitted her in the name of self-defense. She had endured Newsom and his advances since she was a child, and it was morally wrong. However, there was no humanity in the treatment of slaves, and this trial only illustrates that all too well. Justice was not done in that courtroom, and that says something about justice for blacks during the time of slavery. The American justice system treated blacks differently than whites, and it took almost an eon for that to really change."

Tags:slavery, sexual exploitation, rape, death penalty

Abstract
This paper discusses how the patriarchal institution of slavery is the central inspiration of resistance that Celia must confront to gain her humanity and feminine identity in "Celia: A Slave" by Melton A. McLaurin. It looks at how Celia provides a heroic example of a woman that found a source of strength in her humanity and female identity to fight against her owner and rapist. By comparing Celia to other literary African-American heroines such as Harriet Jacobs and Eliza Harris, the paper attempts to shed some light on the ideology of resistance to the violent patriarchy of slavery.

From the Paper
"The ramifications of Celia's role as a slave woman are defined early in the story, as Celia is raped by her master, John Newsom, after her initial purchase. Celia was essentially attacked and forced to fight for her life when this violent and deranged individual disavowed her rights, even under local law. However, many of the town's people did next to nothing to prevent these rapes against Celia, providing the source of resistance for her inevitable legal struggles to regain her feminine dignity and sovereignty in this patriarchal court system. "

Tags:Harriet, Jacobs, Eliza, Harris, rape

Abstract
In this article, the writer studies two works of art that are displayed in the Metropolitan museum. The writer notes that Willem de Kooning's "Woman" is an oil and charcoal rendering of an anonymous woman on canvas, composed in 1944. It is a flat-looking depiction of a female nude against a background that looks like a home. The writer compares this work to "Celia" by artist John Graham. The writer points out that Graham's work is a far softer looking painting, as it is painted in oil, with casein, charcoal, chalk, pencil, pen and ink on Masonite rather than pure, flat oil on canvas. The writer discusses that it showcases "Celia," a woman with a classically hourglass figure and long, soft hair against a black background more reminiscent of a 19th century or classical nude than a modernist depiction of a woman, even though the painting was created at the same time as "Woman."

From the Paper
"The space seems cramped, given her position, although there is no distinctive sense of location to the picture, other than the fact that it is indoors. The painting is classified as abstract expressionist in its color scheme, and its use of a mask-like face, which is reminiscent of some of Picasso's cubist works. Although this work is recognizably human, it seems like a grotesque rendering of the human form. The work seems more like smears or swirls on a canvas rather than a suggestion of someone one might know in life. The smile on the woman's face while she assumes an uncomfortable position, and the cartoon-like yellow, orange, green, and blues make it seem as if the work is a parody of a woman, as if the woman's image is being made intentionally ugly or distorted. Even if this was not de Kooning's intent, the artist's emphasis is on the arrangement of form, line, and color not the character of the woman herself. The woman exists as a subject, a series of surfaces, rather than a unique personality."

Tags:oil, colors, canvas, femininity

Abstract
In this paper, the theme of female strength and resistance to patriarchal authority on the slave plantation is analyzed within 'Celia: A Slave' by Melton A. McLaurin. In this regard, the writer discusses that Celia provides a heroic example of a woman that found a source of strength in her humanity and female identity to fight against her owner and rapist. The writer maintains that by killing her attacker, she provides a physical and poignant example of resistance that defies the dominating patriarchy in slave society.

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the book "Celia, A Slave: A True Story of Violence and Retribution in Antebellum Missouri," written by Melton A. McLauren. Specifically, it discusses whether race or gender played more of a role in shaping Celia's relationships with those around her. The paper also describes the historical context in which the story is set.

From the Paper
"In conclusion, the relationships in Celia's life were varied and based on different factors. For the men in the Newsom household, she was a desirable woman, so her gender was the prominent factor in the relationship. For the sisters, she was a cook and servant, and made their lives easier, so her race was the most important aspect of the brief relationship she had with them. Had gender been an issue with the women, they would have supported her pleas to intervene on her behalf with their father. However, they turned their backs on a fellow woman and left Celia to deal with the matter on her own. If they had reacted more as women and less as slaveholders, the circumstances and outcome might have been vastly different."

Tags:relationships, servant, concubine

Abstract
This paper describes "Born To Be Good?" by Celia Kitynger, examining the key role of social context in determining altruistic or moral behavior. The writer explains that social context may be the most significant factor in moral behavior, but most likely it is a combination of empathy, cognition, and social context that causes people to act altruistically.

From the Paper
"In her article "Born To Be Good?" Celia Kitynger examines the "key role of social context" in determining altruistic or moral behavior. Citing numerous journal articles that support or refute her beliefs, Kitynger concludes that "people are fundamentally pro-social beings, whose ability to act on altruistic impulses and moral principles is sometimes inhibited" by social pressures. Kitynger's article accurately portrays the ambiguity of altruism and the author presents a balanced point of view. First describing the everyday kindnesses we all witness or participate in and moving onto broader and bigger acts of altruism, Kitynger debunks assumptions about the self-serving nature of moral behavior. "

Tags:empathy, values, ethics, kohlberg, gilligan, milgram, pro-social

Abstract
This paper discusses McLaurin's book, which is a story of violence and retribution in a slaveholding society in antebellum Missouri. It is a story of a young slave who was sexually exploited by her master and ultimately executed for his murder. The social meaning behind the story is analyzed.

From the Paper
"McLaurin demonstrates the degree to which females where sexually exploited in the first days of Celia's story. Celia was only fourteen years old when she was acquired by Newsom, an aging widower and a prosperous and respected citizen of Callaway County, Missouri. After purchasing Celia in a neighboring county, Newsom raped her on the journey back to his farm. He then established her in a small cabin near his house and visited her regularly, repeatedly raping her. Over the next five years, Celia bore Newsom two children, both becoming Newsom's property. By 1855, she became involved with a slave named George and resolved (at his insistence) to end the relationship with her master. She did that on June 23, 1855 (McLaurin 33). But Newsom was the master. A slave didn't tell the master what to do. Newsom came back to Celia's cabin that night. Ready for Newsom this time, Celia struck him with a heavy stick when he refused to leave her alone. She hit him again when Newsom came back at her. She had tried to hurt him, to keep him away. She ended with a result she had not intended. Newsom was dead."

Tags:rape, murder, slaveholding

Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes two short stories about violence. First, it considersJames Reaney's short story "The Bully" and then Isabel Huggan's short story "Celia behind Me." According to the paper, both deal with the issue of violence, with both stories being told from the point of view of children. However, they differ markedly in that one story is about emotional violence, and one story is about a combination of emotional and physical violence. Both stories show the emotional toll exacted by these various forms of violence. James Reaney's short story "The Bully" and Isabel Huggan's short story "Celia behind Me" both deal with the issue of violence.

From the Paper
"James Reaney's short story "The Bully" and Isabel Huggan's short story "Celia behind Me" both deal with the issue of violence. The stories have in common that they are both told from the point of view of children. However, they differ markedly in that one story is about emotional violence, and one story is about a combination of emotional and physical violence. Both stories show the emotional toll exacted by these various forms of violence. In this essay, violence is defined as destructive behaviours (mental or physical) that cause pain or damage to other people. Both stories are told..."

Tags:compare, contrast, violence

Abstract
The family, an evolving entity that exists beyond the boundaries of genetics, encompasses relationships intertwined by emotions, education, proximity and biology. The roles each member of the family holds: father, mother sister, and brother, impact the family specifically, and potentially impact society at large. This paper examines these ideas by taking a look at "Ellen Foster" by Kay Gibbons, "Child of Divorce" by Celia Rothenberg and "Confessions of an Erstwhile Child" (anonymous).

From the Paper
"The actions of the family affect society at large. Roles remain the same, but the people playing them and their methods constantly fluctuate. While increasingly common to find homes where both parents work, it remains an unfortunate necessity. Children of these homes often draw their life's instructions from daycare workers and television rather than the tutelage of their mothers and fathers. Rather, it is imperative that the pursuit of advanced education, critical thinking, and spiritual exploration be encouraged and demonstrated by the parents."

Tags:parenthood, ethics, Stella, maternal

Abstract
Thispaper details the history and accomplishments of Celia Cruz - "The Queen of Salsa."