Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the parapazzi (journalistic photographers) and celebrities, which has been bought into the spotlight by the death of Princess Diana in a car crash trying to escape from them. It evaluates the lack of clear cut boundaries when it comes to the paparazzi and their rights and proposes a new law to be enacted that will restrict the photographing of the famous to public events or events that the paparazzi is invited to by the star in question. Anything outside of those boundaries should be considered a crime. It reviews several famous court cases on the topic of invasion of privacy of celebrities and argues that celebrities should not have to give up their right to basic privacy simply by becoming famous.
From the Paper "For many years the press and the famous were friends. The press attended openings of films, causes that were important to the stars, and other events in which the public had an interest, and the celebrity benefited from their presence. It began to change several decades ago when the press began to invade the private lives of the celebrities that they covered. Over the years there have been several famous court cases in which the celebrity has asked for relief from such stalking and harassment from the press."
Abstract The paper studies the use of celebrities in marketing communications. This includes the origins, rationale, advantages and disadvantages. The paper discusses the methods of gauging the effectiveness of celebrities in marketing communications.
From the Paper "The use of celebrities in marketing is as old as marketing itself, at least in the organized mass-communications sense. Picture histories of advertising show that as soon as true advertising campaigns emerged from the background of storefront signs and the equivalent of classified ads in the th century they began using the images and endorsements of actors and actress sports stars and other public figures who in modern terms we would describe as celebrities."
Abstract This paper describes how Mark Twain's short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," made him an overnight sensation in the American literary scene. The reviewer gives a brief plot summary of the story, yet focuses on why this particular work gave Twain such widespread recognition. Also included are critic's remarks about whether Twain actually intended this short story to be humorous. The reviewer concludes that it is quite obvious why "Calaveras" made readers take interest in Twain. Besides its humor and interest, it is an insightful tale about the people who lived in the West during that time period.
From the Paper "In the story, Twain described a betting man by the name of Jim Smiley (a unique name in itself) and his leaping frog. "He'd give him a little punch behind," Twain wrote, "and the next minute you'd see that frog whirling in the air like a doughnut--see him turn one summerset, or maybe a couple, if he got a good start, and come down flat footed and all right, like a cat." Smiley bet on anything he could, similar to unfortunate gambling addicts today."
Abstract This paper explores the various reasons many celebrities and athletes develop eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. The writer of this paper contends that although the causes for anorexia and bulimia are the same for celebrities as everyone else, celebrities are more prone to eating disorders due to intense pressure from the media to aspire to "perfection." The public's attitude towards female celebrities is defined by the media, which puts enormous pressure on celebrities to achieve and maintain an unattainable look. This paper examines the eating disorders of several celebrities including Paula Abdul, Karen Carpenter and Calista Flockhart. This paper also contains a brief yet concise overview of anorexia and bulimia, which includes the symptoms, causes and treatments for these disorders.
From the Paper "Denial is a large part of any neurosis. By emphasizing Ally McBeal's attitude towards an obvious weight problem, the network belittles the problem, and in effect says it is cool to extremely skinny all this talk of Anorexia and Bulimia is silly. One of the problems for Paula Abdul was peer pressure and poor role models. Abdul fit the mold for eating disorders. She was a portly young girl who loved ballet and wished to look like her peers. The exact cause of anorexia varies in different patients. There are many factors to take into consideration. "A number of factors, including cultural and family pressures, chemical imbalances, and emotional and personality disorders collaborate to produce both anorexia and bulimia, although each disorder is determined by different combinations of these influences. "
Tags: media, perception, society, pressure, calista, flockhart, paula, abdul
Abstract The paper discusses the effect of celebrities such as O.J. Simpson and Paris Hilton on American culture, which illustrates the extent to which virtually anyone who is famous even for negative behavior can inspire emulation. The paper explains the psychology behind this emulation and discusses how celebrities are generally negative role models. The paper therefore concludes that although there may be reason to admire celebrities for their specific accomplishments, the blind admiration of fame without regard to personal shortcomings is damaging, especially to young people still in the process of formulating their personal values.
Outline:
Introduction
The Psychology of Celebrity Emulation and Its Detrimental Effect on Society
Celebrities Tend to Make Bad Role Models
Conclusion
From the Paper "According to news reports at the time, when O.J. Simpson was on trial for murdering his ex-wife and Ron Goldman in 1995, national sales of white Ford Broncos, Bruno Magli shoes, and white Akita dogs all increased dramatically. In fact, Bruno Magli sales of the particular model skyrocketed as a result of the unexpected publicity of the association with Simpson, and pet stores reported that people asked for "O.J. dogs" instead of referring to the Akita by name. Such is the power of celebrity in American culture."
Abstract After an outline and introductory paragraph, the author starts the piece by describing the traditional Christian view of sexuality. Then, the author describes the sexual revolution of the 1960s and how both views paradoxically exist in modern society. Using this scizophrenic view of sexuality as a backdrop, the author then discusses America's obsession with celebrities and how that obsession makes it dangerous for gay celebrities to reveal their sexuality. The author then argues that all celebrities are entitled to their privacy and while gay celebrities should be commended for asserting their sexuality, no one has the right to demand that they disclose such private matters.
Abstract The writer of the paper contends that a celebrity enjoys a potential revenue fetching force that has to be exploited by the firms or institutions that market the fame of the celebrity. The author then examines and discusses the question that, if we accept that a celebrity can and will fetch revenue by his or her participation, is the very high premium paid for their endorsement or participation justified? The writer uses examples from both the world of entertainment and sports to illustrate and support his conclusions. The paper is heavily annotated.
Outline:
Introduction
The celebrity Endorsement and Profits
Looking at the Model
The Economics of Endorsement
Conclusion
Citations
From the Paper "The public which is enamored of a person, and a person who creates successfully a following for himself or herself in the chosen activity commands the power of bargaining for not only participation, but for the use of the image, endorsements of products, news worthiness and corporate advertising and marketing. In considering such activities, particularly sports, there are two aspects of the financial implications and there is evidence to show that team sports like cricket or football have lesser profitability and small clubs with marginal operations cannot compete with famous ones and the monopoly in profits is always held by the popular city club. A sports club cannot generate a positive cash flow for the reason that there is a potential fear of political involvement and therefore such clubs show the balances in negative. Sports franchisees fare better with the capital appreciation of the stock."
Abstract This paper compares cause-related marketing and the use of celebrity endorsements in promoting products. The paper discusses how both methods strategically tie symbolism to the point of purchase to the extent that the purchase holds deeper meaning than simply satisfying personal needs. The paper then looks at and compares the history and development of each method.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Comparative Histories
Relevancy of Cause-Related Marketing
Strengths of Cause-Related Marketing
Weaknesses of Cause-Related Marketing
Relevancy of the Use of Celebrity Endorsements
Strengths of Celebrity Endorsements
Weaknesses in the Use of Celebrity Endorsements
A Comparative Review of Current Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper "Celebrity endorsements personalize products for consumers and assist them in establishing whether a product has value or not. Typically celebrities are trusted as long as their image matches the desired brand image. Celebrities are increasingly interested in cause-related marketing approaches and are investing in supporting particular causes as a means of giving back to society. The future of marketing will continue to focus on meeting the needs of consumers. If consumers demand corporate support for social and emotional causes, and there is potential for profit growth, corporations will continue to accommodate this trend."
Abstract This paper looks at several factors which would determine the successful marketing of a celebrity. It looks at issues such as target markets, the celebrity's selling points and timing. The paper also looks at the advantages and disadvantages of the media as a tool to promote a celebrity.
From the Paper "Timing is everything! This phrase refers to the concept that the key to success in promotion is to make sure that the time is exactly right for a particular event. This requires a keen sense of awareness of trends in the American scene. American history is filled with examples of events that could have been successful had the timing been right. The most blatant example of ill-conceived timing is the eight-track recorder. It was a good product but the tastes of the public had not been analyzed, and the cassette recorder took over the market."
Abstract This paper examines and identifies qualities of death that are exclusive to celebrity figures. Celebrities are perceived as being somehow greater than common human beings, indicating that they will not age and die in the same respect. Yet when a celebrity does die a violent death, their status is elevated to a position of a "martyr", and they are once again considered above common human beings.
Abstract The idea for athletes or celebrities to endorse or promote products has been around as long as products have been advertised. The companies are willing to pay large amounts of money to secure a famous personality to appear with their product. A product can increase their sales many times over if they hire the right athlete or celebrity to endorse a certain item. A study of having celebrities or famous athletes endorsing products in this paper, reveals how a product can increase in popularity, how sales can go up or down and how product endorsement can increase an athlete's popularity.
From the Paper "Popularity of the celebrity and the product are very interrelated. A very popular spokesperson can help tremendously and increase sales. In addition, a relatively unknown can be elevated to stardom through endorsement and commercials. Through all of the advertising and endorsements, Michael Jordan made an estimated seventy million dollars last year alone."
Abstract This three-page undergraduate paper focuses on the Independence Day celebrations in different parts of the world. The celebrations feature military parades and lively music but in some countries things like fairs and adorning the exterior of houses are also essential parts of the festivities.
Abstract This paper contends that celebrity culture has become so mass-produced in the American media that it has overpowered news-based coverage. The paper explains that this market saturation is capable because of how we communicate and it is changing what we communicate about on all levels. The paper examines the possible causes of celebrity fascination and explores its effect on the news media.
From the Paper "Celebrity faces are an ever-present reality today. American television programs, supermarket check-out lines, newsstands, cubicle desks, and middle school book bags are full of them: the bright, shiny faces that show the American people how to dress, eat, not eat, dine, dance, walk; the latest gossip about who is kissing who, who has broken up, and who is the Next Hot Thing. Holly wood has become America's living, breathing soap-opera, and instead of being tucked away in the afternoon hours between the midday and evening news, they have become the news. Journalists bow to them, filling their court rooms with microphones, cameras, and live updates whenever they do something wrong, and camp outside whatever happy event is celebrated when they do something right."
Abstract This paper assesses the reason celebrities, women in particular, are more vulnerable to eating disorders. The writer of this paper explores the intense pressure created by the media and the public that demands total physical perfection. This paper discusses the current public attitude towards female celebrities as defined by the media that thinner is better. This paper also ponders the symptoms and effects of anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
From the Paper "The media plays a large part in the problem of eating disorders, by creating the myth of the skinnier the better. Models and actresses have become skinnier every year. Many models are so skinny they look like junkies. It is an unhealthy look, but advertisements in Rolling Stone, Teen, Seventeen, and other magazines popular with teens promote the junky look, and young women who wish to be actresses feel pressure to meet these standards."
Abstract This paper looks at celebrity campaigns and how effective they are in promoting disease prevention among the general public. It looks at how the medical community views these campaigns, the veracity of the information they portray, the role of paid spokespersons and gives some examples of campaigns by celebrities for specific diseases. It suggests a plan for a campaign to publicize anorexia nervosa.
From the Paper "No large-scale campaign has ever been raised to bring awareness to anorexia nervosa - a devastating disease in which people starve themselves sometimes to death because of a distorted body image ..."
