Abstract This report focuses on the African nation of Angola and some possible financial solutions to the constant health care threat from AIDS. The paper looks at how Angola's opportunity for social and economic development is contingent upon the need to, first, focus on the AIDS crisis there, its prevention, its care, and its treatment.
From the Paper "The situation in Angola is critical according to the United Nations. ?It said that in addition to the problems caused by recent displacement, the country faced a structural emergency that was characterized by a breakdown in social services that jeopardized the health and education of vulnerable groups, particularly children.? (Weekly Round Up) Although the Angolan war and a lack of mobility continues to help the nation avert the AIDS epidemic other African populations are facing. However, because of the fact that the Sub-Saharan Africa's leading cause of death is HIV/AIDS, a sound educational program should be instituted as soon as possible to help educate the nation's people just how serious the problem they are facing really is. Some recent studies have shown that approximately eight percent of Angolans are already HIV positive."
Abstract This paper explores the origins of the Basque nationalist separatist organization, Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), and the purpose of its formation. It looks at how ETA has evolved since its foundation in 1959 and investigates the changes that have taken place within the organization itself. The paper also examines ETA's motives and its methods, and what it represents in the minds of the Basque and Spanish people alike. Lastly, the paper discusses how ETA and its actions have affected the Basque Country, Spain, and the rest of the world. The paper concludes that the most significant possible affect of ETA on Basque nationalism is the maintenance of the current ceasefire, which could change the course of the Basque nationalist movement forever.
From the Paper "The struggle for an autonomous Euskadi (Basque Country) pre-dates the Franco era, with its emergence being in the 1870s. 'The incorporation of Euskadi into Spain under the hegemony of the province of Castile and the loss of the fueros led to the first manifestations of Basque nationalism.' These "fueros" were rights or privileges of the Basques, which granted them a certain amount of municipal military and fiscal autonomy. At the end of the Second Carlist War in 1876 the government abolished the "fueros" of the provinces of Guipuzcoa, Biscay and Alava as punishment for their support of the Carlist rebellion. This abolition, on top of the rapid industrialisation of the region that caused, much to the displeasure of the working-class, and influx of thousands of maketos (a derogatory term used by the nationalists to describe workers from other parts of Spain), was to mark the beginning of Basque nationalism and prompted the establishment of the PNV (Partido Nacionalista Vasco, Basque Nationalist Party) by Sabino de Arana y Goiri in 1895. The party was founded as a Catholic conservative party canvassing for the restoration of self-government. The slogan used by the PNV around the time of its establishment was "God and the Old Laws", referring to the PNV's defence of both Catholicism and of Basque autonomy through the fueros. Arana himself was an intellectual and a political theorist who left a significant legacy for the Basque people. Essentially, he wanted to return to a pre-industrialised Basque Country. It was he who promoted many of the mythologies of Basque history, while advocating a clearly exclusionist and even racist attitude towards immigrants. Aranismo is the extreme version of Basque nationalism, and it is important to remember during this discussion that the Basque nationalist movement is a multi-faceted one, with many internal disagreements. The PNV represented a compromise between the radical Aranistas and moderate nationalists, an organisation in which all nationalists could feel at home, and this was perhaps Arana's greatest legacy of all."
A discussion on the political desire to achieve peace in the Sudan region with the establishment of a framework for an open dialogue path between the parties.
Abstract The paper reminds us that the African continent is one of the most volatile regions in the world. Sudan is currently the focus of attention in the international community. From the perspective of the general peace process, the paper confirms that progress has been made in all areas. The United Nations played a significant part in moderating the talks through its UNMIS monitors and ensuring the implementation of the provisions agreed upon in the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed in 2005. The paper notes that the government in Khartoum is forced by international donors and through economic sanctions to comply with the rules and decisions taken at the negotiation table in respect to the North South conflict. The paper underlines the major breakthroughs achieved since the 1993 establishment of the Intergovernmental Authority for Development.
Outline:
Introduction
Historical Background of the North South Conflict
Peace talks
Protocol.
Darfur
Conclusion
From the Paper "This is due to the continuous struggles for reaching a positive agreement between the conflicting parties in the country, as well as the failure to establish a comprehensive means to respecting and implementing the already agreed upon ceasefires, protocols, and agreements. At the same time though, the lack of efficiency in the actions undergone is also the result of the complexity of the issues under discussion, taking into account the dimension of the conflicts present in Sudan. In this sense, on the one hand, there is the unsolved conflict between the North and the South of the country, and, on the other hand, there is the escalating humanitarian and security crisis in the Western part of the state, in Darfur. From this perspective, any possible peace agreement must take into account both levels of conflict and deal with them in terms of local solutions as well as a national one."
