Abstract
The paper discusses the rights of employers' to monitor employees at work by intercepting emails and phone calls. It further considers the problems associated with such monitoring.

Outline
Introduction
Monitoring - Species of What?
Monitoring - Why?
Surveillance of Email and Internet
Telecommunications and CCTV Monitoring
Data Protection
Employee Surveillance and ECHR and Human Rights Act Defamation
Employee Monitoring - Private Rights and Public Policy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Over the last few years, software packages have made electronic performance monitoring possible ; employers are able to use more sophisticated techniques to monitor their subordinate employees. Commonly used is the "telephone tap". Numerous recorded messages inform us that our calls may be "monitored and or recorded". Often to safeguard employees and also to protect the employers own interests as well as clients' but also for training purposes. However, many employers have ulterior motives behind their ability to monitor and record calls."

Tags:privacy, calls, email, phone, data, trade, unions

Abstract
This paper discusses how, as a result of rising crime, citizens are beginning to take measures to protect themselves and their families. The paper goes on to describe some of the weapons, classes and precautions that are being taken by individuals to protect themselves and their property.

Outline:
Introduction
Weapons and Equipment for Personal Protection
Personal Protection Equipment and Training
Guns as Self-Protection
CCTV Cameras in Private Residences
Simple Personal Protection Solutions
Personal Protection Classes
Use of Force
Conclusion

From the Paper
"With crime on the rise in society citizens have grown tired and have taken measures to protect themselves and their families. These measures include obtaining weapons, equipment, and self-defense classes as means of personal protection. The market for personal protection equipment is a booming industry.
"Equipment and weapons for personal protection and self-defense is a huge industry. Weapons and equipment for self-defense include hand-held mace and pepper spray, tasers, kubatons, hand-held strobe lights, personal alarms, and guns. According to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Licensing website (2010) self-defense weapons are defined by the Jack Hagler Self-defense Act. The act defines concealed weapons or firearms as follows: handguns, electronic weapons or devices, tear gas guns, knives and billies (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Licensing, 2010, para 4). Personal protection however goes beyond having what are considered to be weapons. Additional methods can be used to protect a home such as the use of CCTV cameras, security systems and simple things such as ensuring that homes have proper locking mechanisms."

Tags:threat, self-defense, weapons

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of surveillance technology in books and movies that are as yet not available to us. In particular, science fiction novel "The Demolished Man" first published in 1953 is discussed. The author summarizes the novel where ESP has been discovered and describes how people with ESP are trained to use their abilities to monitor the thoughts of others. The author also compares this to modern day CCTV, and biometric surveillance that enables the government or other organizations to monitor our computer transactions or even our blood.

From the Paper
"The works noted above all contain technologies which are not yet available to us, in the form of psychological or mental examinations. One might debate whether ESP is even possible, let alone something which could be honed into a government tool; in these works, psychological monitoring is taken as fact. The question each of these works asks is: if psychological monitoring were possible, how might it be used, and how might it affect the lives of those who are monitored by it?"

Tags:biometrics, technologies, ESP, surveillance

Abstract
The paper discusses how the diversion from traditional warfare in the face of the terrorism has forced a reevaluation and reapplication of military and defense technologies as a means of strengthening defenses, eliminating threats and staving off potential future attacks. The paper explores the benefits of digital technology and video surveillance technologies in addressing both domestic and foreign terror and at the technologies that can increasingly diminish the types of wartime casualties that have been all too common in Iraq. The paper looks at how past failures in defense against terrorism have also been precipitated in some respect by a poor application or a misapplication of technologies.

From the Paper
"As the current scenario denotes, the establishment of specific groups and agencies dedicated to the application of technology to terrorism defense would emerge with the rising awareness of the dangers presented to the western world by terrorism. Accordingly, such symposiums as the Force Protection Demonstrations would come into play in the 1990s, inclined by the domestic (World Trade Center Bombing-1993) and global events (Facility housing U.S. soldiers attacked in Saudi Arabia-1996) to create a context for the meeting of "military and civilian personnel from the U.S. Armed Forces, as well as federal, state and local homeland security, law enforcement and other first-responder personnel from throughout the United States, and defense media."
"The purpose of the annual event is to provide demonstration, information and access to the technologies now being refined for the purposes of combating terrorism. Such symposiums are an official and government sanctioned means to proliferating this technology so as to allow decision-makers in agencies and localities throughout the United States to contribute to and participate in the defense of the nation."

Tags:video, surveillance, CCTV, warfare, intelligence, security

Abstract
This paper is a research proposal about the use of surveillance cameras and their efficiency as a crime investigation tool as opposed to a deterring crime. In his introduction, the author of the proposal examines current literature regarding the utilization of video surveillance as a tool for fighting crime. In addition, the writer discusses the use of video surveillance as a crime deterrent, as well as an investigation tool. Finally, the author details his research proposal and procedure.

Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Research Design
Setting
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Analysis of Data
Implications of Proposed Research
References

From the Paper
"Much of the research surrounding video surveillance surrounds not public but private usage of video surveillance. The studies surround common crime centers such as convenience stores, which have been traditionally exposed to many crimes of property and often injuries and or loss of life. Convenience stores have taken many steps to reduce the incidence of robberies and one of them is implementing video surveillance, which often gets used by police to solve crime and at the very least create a set of information that time stamps occurrences and potentially offers identifying information of the suspects of the crime. The accepted existence of the cameras in such locations has not led to a decrease in robberies in most studies but is, when used correctly a substantial source of information for police when they are trying to apprehend criminals and explain forensic results."

Tags:video, surveillance, CCTV, police, crime, prevention, investigation

Abstract
This essay attempts to answer the question of whether or not George Orwell's chilling vision of the future, as portrayed in his novel "1984", is becoming a reality by comparing his ideas to modern society as we know it. The paper begins with a short introduction with a personal opinion which is resonated throughout the essay, and then moves on to give a short precis on the book. It concludes with a short summary and an outlook for the future.

From the Paper
"The telescreen that the device that the "Thought Police" used to obtain evidence of Winston and Julia's affair, just as CCTV cameras hold evidence against criminals today. The only things that the telescreen could not record were Winston's thoughts. This was shown when Winston used the flashback technique to show Winston thinking of the past. I liked his use of this technique because it created contrast to the world in which Winston now lived - it had not always been like that. In modern life, our equivalent is the CCTV camera. However, it is shocking to believe that we are actually worse than the Party in this area. CCTV camera watch over the nation 24/7, criminals are tagged, ID cards are just waiting to be introduced, and - thanks to mobile phones and project echelon - you can be pinpointed to your exact location on the planet as well as have all your phone calls recorded. The fact that Orwell made Winston seem powerless to the telescreen only made me think more about how much this nation is turning into a policed state, so I found this an extremely effective portrait of modern society."

Tags:big, brother, cctv, doublethink, media, winston, julia

Abstract
This paper explains that, in today's highly technical, post 9/11 society, a new industry is developing, commonly known as the video surveillance industry, particularly in more developed nations such as the United States, China, Japan, and across Europe, which has developed dramatically, and, along with this development, has come many obstacles, including technological, governmental and legal ramifications. The author includes an overview of the industry in general; trends for the particular types of surveillance utilized by "Spying Eye Surveillance", an independently owned company that specializes in video and audio surveillance products for businesses and security personnel; projections for the growth of these types of companies and the strengths and weaknesses of the industry. The paper outlines some of the potential implications experienced by this industry, including governmental restrictions and legal ramifications for abuse of technology.

From the Paper
"However, in other cases, the issues are not as clear. For example, in the Virginia Court of Appeals in 1999, a man's conviction for using a spy camera to videotape underneath women's dresses on a public fairground was overturned, with the note that no expectation of privacy should have been held by the women. In this case, the local court's belief that this type of surveillance violated the Fourth Amendment obviously did not agree with the opinions of the State court. Additional cases have been noted both in favor of and against the placement of video surveillance in such places as fitting rooms and school locker rooms."

Tags:amendment, DVR, VCR, CCTV, computerization