Abstract Late adulthood is often mistakenly viewed as a time of relaxation, where everything slows and an individual's life becomes more consistent and less stressful. In reality, late adulthood is a time of great change. Individuals retire, children move away, lifestyles alter significantly and social ties decline. This paper shows that, most significantly, a person's relationships change significantly in late adulthood. This includes relationships with siblings, spouses, friends, children and grandchildren. By considering these relationships and how they change, this paper shows that late adulthood is far from being a time of reduced stress. It may become a time of reduced stress if the individual makes the transition successfully, but the actual process of transition involves many significant changes.
From the Paper "Peterson (2002) notes that friends play a special role because they link the individual to the larger social world. Individuals meet with friends as a way of keeping up with events in the world and in their own communities. This allows individuals to feel connected and avoids the problem of feeling isolated, alone, or rejected. It is also noted that older individuals have more secondary friends, which are described as "people who are not intimates but with whom they spend time occasionally" (Berk 2004, p. 606). This includes groups meeting to take part in activities such as playing bridge, lawn bowling, quilting, and various other craft activities".
A research paper on the effect of rape on later relationships, determining if women who are raped have a difficult time becoming emotionally or romantically close to a man.
Abstract This paper examines the effect rape has on victims' subsequent intimate relationships. By interviewing women and providing in-depth research this paper show how women who have been raped a single time by a man who she does not know are more likely to have problems with their post-rape relationships. The paper details reasons for this difficulty in forming relationships and discusses possible treatments.
From the Paper "In a society where rape is a common occurrence, Kilpatrick, Edmonds, & Seymour (1992) found that 1 in 8 adult women in a given community have been raped, it is important to understand the long-term effects on the victim (as cited in Layman, Gidycz, & Lynn 1996). More specifically, the purpose of this study is to discover the long-term effects of rape on subsequent intimate (emotional and sexual involved) relationships on women who have been raped a single time. It is hypothesized that women who are raped a single time and do not receive social and psychological support will be more likely than women who have not been raped to have difficulties with subsequent intimate relationships with men. Women are the focus of this study because they are commonly thought of as being raped more often than and are more likely to report rape than men."
Abstract This paper explores the effect of the internet on relationships. The paper explains that the increase in internet usage has caused a gradual decline in personal feelings.
Abstract This paper assesses the benefits and liabilities of relationship marketing. Specifically, the paper presents a case study of the Microsoft Corporation and discusses Microsoft's products, as well as their challenges. The focus of the paper is on the challenges of Microsoft's developer marketing programs and communalization of developers, including their segmentation by desktop applications, server and enterprise products, or Internet-based applications.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Background and Introduction
Main Conclusions
Recommendations
Benefits and Liabilities of Relationship Marketing
Background
Consistency and Collaboration key to Channel Trust and Relationships Segmenting on Customer Relationship Needs Not Demographics in ERP
EffectiveRelationship Marketing with Business for Online Advertising
Future Trends
Limitations, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "Limitations to Microsoft and their ability to gain leadership in relationship marketing center on moving away from their concept of demographic segmentation and the embracing of becoming trusted advisors across all divisions. Clearly the inconsistencies in channel management strategies, anticipated long and potentially ugly fight to acquire Yahoo, and the need to get rapid revenue growth in enterprise applications all point to the need for changing mindsets from traditional to relationship-based marketing."
Abstract This literature review examines the relationships maintained by couples after they break up. The paper examines lesbian and gay relationships as well as heterosexual couples. In addition, it seeks to determine whether or not children have an effect on the contact the couple maintains following a relationship that ends. The writer found that very few studies exist on this topic and those that do are somewhat vague in their findings. This points to the need for further research in this area for future development of family therapy theories and outcomes.
Outline:
Introduction
Statistics
Literature
Review
Conclusion
From the Paper "For many years statistics have been thrown about that included the belief that 50 percent of marriages today, end in divorce. Recently this number has been challenged and the result was a reduction in the percentage of married couples believed to end in divorce. At one point according to the new statistical information provided by the National Center for Health Statistics 43 percent of married couples will end in divorce in America. Even more recently the New York Times published a study that placed the number at 40 percent. While this is encouraging news for engaged hopefuls it still means that out of every 100 couples that get married, only 60 of them will survive the long haul of marriage(Divorce Stats http://www.divorcereform.org/rates.html). "The National Center for Health Statistics recently released a report which found that 43 percent of first marriages end in separation or divorce within 15 years(Divorce Stats http://www.divorcereform.org/rates.html)." "
Abstract This paper explains how the Information Highway will affect the society in a manner that cannot yet be imagined and instead of a means of uniting the world the author feels that the technological revolution is creating a divide within society furthering social stratification and changing the dynamics of interpersonal relationships.
From the paper:
"As the communications revolution reaches its climax the society is increasingly becoming virtual. Millions of Internet users are logging one every day and interacting with each other over the Internet. Where once socialization was limited within borders today, the society is increasingly becoming borderless as the Internet creates a global world. Chat systems like MSN and AOL Messenger, ICQ and MIRC have captured the people's imagination and no longer is there a need to have personal face-to-face meetings. The interactive software's allow a user to have web conferences, meetings and chat with more than one person at a time. Society is becoming impersonal as concepts like 'cyber love' and 'cyber world' emerge. "
Abstract The paper describes the extensiveness of depression in America and lists the symptoms of the illness. It then explains the relationship between parents who suffer from depression and children with mood disorders. It also describes the symptoms that identifies a child with bipolar disorder.
From the Paper "In another book by Papolos, ?The Bipolar Child,? he says ?Our study sample showed that over 80% of the children who developed early-onset bipolar disorder had what is known as "bilineal transmission" ? substance abuse and mood disorders appeared on both sides of their families? (Papolos 7). Research has found that positive parent-child relationships create a buffer for a child facing the daily stresses of life. There is evidence for both direct and indirect relations between paternal depression and behavioral problems in young children (Marchand 353)."
An analysis of two peer-reviewed articles on information technology: "The Comparative Effectiveness of Sponsored and Non sponsored Links for Web E-commerce Queries " by Jansen and "Leveraging Search Marketing" by the Marketing Leadership Council.
Abstract The paper compares the purpose statements of two peer-reviewed articles on the topic of sponsored versus non-sponsored links in search engines: "The Comparative Effectiveness of Sponsored and Non sponsored Links for Web E-commerce Queries " by Jansen and "Leveraging Search Marketing" by the Marketing Leadership Council. The paper states that the first of the two articles is based on quantitative analysis of whether a paid search which includes Google Adwords versus Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is more effective, and the second presents a qualitatively-based analysis. The paper comments that the research completed by Jansen delivers a well organized and methodical analysis of how sponsored versus non-sponsored varies in terms of achieving a higher level of click-through rate by origination point of link. The paper concludes that the combined effects of these two studies shows that while there are variations in the effectiveness of sponsored versus non-sponsored research, there are significant benefits to be gained from the development of SEM strategies when measured on the accumulated impact on taxonomy entries for each of the three dominant search engines, which is the best measure of long-term, effectiveness.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Comparing and Contrasting Problem and Purpose Statements
Designs of the Research Projects
Comparing Research Problems and Hypotheses
Comparing Literature Reviews
Comparing Theoretical Frameworks
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper "Of the two articles, the theoretical framework from (Jansen 2007) is by far more robust and thorough as it includes a series of cause-and-effect relationships that are in turn quantified through multiple iterations of the research methodology. (Jansen 2007) also includes a series of approaches to expediting both sponsored and non-sponsored entries into each search engines' taxonomies for quicker analysis. The researchers have also created a methodology to test and verify through multiple iterations of search terms to verify that both sponsored and non-sponsored research is used the majority of the time for product searches, where content and title of the data matter more than perception of trust online. This is a point each article supports as well."
Tags: loosely-defined, series, SEM, strategies, cause-and-effect, relationships
Abstract Much research has been done into the effects of divorce on children. However this paper shows that much of this research has focused on what happens with children during the first few weeks or months after the divorce. Far fewer studies have been done into how divorce effects children in the long-term as they go through adolescence and into adulthood. It explains that the conventional wisdom seems to be that, as children grow up, they are able to see their parents' divorce with more objectivity and maturity and will not harbor any resentment over it in their adulthood. It follows to explain that common sense states that emotional scars inflicted in childhood are not so easily faded. In fact, those scars can grow into entirely new things as a child grows up. This paper explores some of the long-term effects of divorce on children.
From the Paper "These are all problems that either carry on into adulthood or manifest in adulthood for the first time. The shock of losing a parent to divorce, to only being able to see one parent occasionally, and of seeing their parents seemingly at war with each other causes severe psychological trauma to a child, and that child may wonder if he or she will ever feel safe and secure again. If not properly handled in the beginning, these children can grow up with lasting psychological damage. It can affect everything in their adult lives, from how well they do in school to their ability to keep a job to their success with interpersonal relationships. Children who do not get the proper psychological attention during and after a divorce are not being given a good start in life and can find themselves with emotional scars that will not heal."
Abstract The paper discusses that to assess an organization's effectiveness and efficiency one can analyze and evaluate the human resource of the organization itself, the employees and the management. The paper focuses on the interaction among employees, managers and the organization as a business entity. Linking both employee performance and conflict management, the researcher posits that effective and efficient employee (or team) performance is the result of efficient conflict management within the organization. In the framework of power-sharing, both managers and employees will enjoy an equal degree of power and authority when it comes to decision-making and this will keep organizational operations smooth sailing and continuous.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the Study
Current Thinking
Implementation/Applicability: Case Study on the State of New Jersey Department of Treasury
Conclusion
From the Paper "At the organizational behavior perspective, then, among the many factors that influence the effectiveness of the organization, the variables team effectiveness and conflict management is analyzed, both at the member/employee and manager levels. These variables were chosen for the reason that they reflect the dynamics of manager-employee relationship within an organization, a dynamic that ultimately results to the efficiency of the employee as the creator or output producer, the manager as mediator between employees and the administration, and the organization as provider of goods and/or services."
A review of the article "Does Marriage Reduce Crime? A Counter-Factual Approach to Within-Individual Causal Effects," by Robert J. Sampson, John H. Laub and Christopher Wimer.
Abstract The paper examines the article "Does Marriage Reduce Crime? A Counter-Factual Approach to Within-Individual Causal Effects," where the authors attempt to determine if marriage has any positive effect on crime rates. The paper outlines the methodology used and looks at the authors' discussion on what it is about marriage that fosters desistance from crime.
From the Paper "As to the methodology used to determine the existence of a link between marriage and crime, Sampson, Laub and Wimer depended almost exclusively on studying 500 men "who entered the transition to adulthood at high risk for continued involvement in crime" and who after the age of 30 or so became married. The authors then used three sets of additional data, being a 35-year long follow-up study to age 70 of the above 500 men, in-depth interviews with a "targeted subsample of 52" of the original 500 who "varied in patterns of criminality in adulthood" and a life history calendar to "assess yearly changes in key life events" like crime, incarceration and of course marriage (2006, 466). What the authors discovered as a result of all this research is quite amazing and clearly demonstrates a link between marriage and crime."
Abstract While a divorce may be devastating or relieving to a couple, children are frightened and confused by the terrible threat to their security. This paper explains, however, that if a child feels secure and loved throughout the divorce, he or she may not be harmed by the divorce at all. Reflecting on these concerns, this paper determine the effects of divorce on children.
From the Paper "For centuries, the family has an essential institution, evolving from humans' co-dependent tendencies and need for nurturing relationships (Snowdon, 2000). The family unit lays the foundation for an individuals future, having the power to influence either positively or negatively. An important part of human development and relationships, family can provide a loving and nurturing environment. However, when the family is disrupted, it can have a negative effect on the individual's self-esteem and method of relating to others. In this light, the family is a major determining factor in the outcome of a person's success and happiness in life."
Abstract This paper explores how people feel about interracial relationships and takes a look at the advantages and disadvantages of being in an interracial relationship. Providing statistics on prevalent interracial relationships, the author points out how interracial couples in straight and gay relationships have been on the rise in recent years even though there are some people who believe that races should not mix. Attributing to a degree, the acceptance of interracial relationships is influenced by geographic location, the paper also discusses transracial adoption. This paper includes graphs.
Outline:
Introduction
Advantages and Disadvantages of an Interracial Relationship Conclusion
From the Paper "As a result of the history of racial relations in the United States, interracial relationships have long been controversial. Although the controversy over interracial relationships has always existed and continues to exist, the number of interracial couples has continued to rise. There are all types of interracial relationships including Straight and Gay Relationships and also interracial adoptions."
Tags: marriage adoption, homosexual relationships, heterosexual relationships
Abstract This paper is an analysis of the relationships between Blanche, Stanley and Stella in "A Streetcar Named Desire". It shows that none of the relationships in the play were normal or healthy. In order, it examines the relationship between Blanche and Stella, the relationship between Blanche and Stanley, and the relationship between Stella and Stanley.
From the Paper "Blanche and Stella Dubois came from a well-to-do family. The sisters grew up on a plantation called Belle Reve. Stella had always been very self-absorbed and one day, she left the plantation behind and found her way to the city. She left Blanche to take care of the remaining family. All was well on the plantation until the depression hit and money was scarce, even for the rich. Blanche had to take care of an ailing family while she worked as a schoolteacher to make ends meet. She saw most of her family die and she resents Stella for not being there to help take care of everyone. She is angry with Stella for leaving her with all the responsibilities."
This paper presents a review of literature on the subject of relationships and a study of the pyschological and emotional factors relevant to relationships.
4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 11 sources, 2002, $ 178.95
Abstract The paper reviews literature in connection with relationships and studies important psychological and emotional factors, which can make or break a relationship. There is certainly no dearth of literature on this subject but for this study, only important books and articles have been selected for review because they offer precious insight into the subject. While most people consider relationships vital for their emotional and spiritual growth, still they often make mistakes which can totally destroy the bond that a couples shares. The paper addresses these issues and presents the views and opinions of some marriage and relationship experts in this connection.
