Abstract
This paper examines "The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution," which reveals the complexities of the years between the signing of the treaty of Paris in 1763 and the election of George Washington in 1789. The author points out that the goal of Middlekauff's book was to analyze both the achievements and failures of the American Revolution. Some of the topics that are covered include detailed analysis of British debate about the colonies, the causes of the war as well as the evolution of the American Constitution. According to this author, Middlekauff does an excellent job of researching the different people who were intimately involved in this period in history, showing how both their strengths and their weaknesses affected this period in American history.

From the Paper
"This work, a narrative historical study of the American Revolution, and the first volume to appear in the Oxford History of the United States, reveals the complexities of the years between the signing of the treaty of Paris in 1763 and the election of George Washington in 1789. Although he does not intend his title to be ironic, the author recognizes that the cause of the American revolution "had its inglorious side, and the Americans' manner of advancing it was sometimes false to the great principles they espouse." (vii) Middlekauff s purpose is to present both the achievements and failures of the American revolution. His thesis is that our patriots and revolutionaries were not perfect, yet in learning "to see things as they are and to imagine how they might be," (665) they created a vision , fought for noble causes, endured their own imperfections and created the foundations for our country."

Tags:history, washington, george, patriots, revolutionaries, liberty, french, britain, colonies, debate, struggle, freedom, personalities, events, patriots, historical, nation, cause, independent

Abstract
The paper relates that we encounter attempts at a causal argument every day in the newspaper and on television news, and we also want such an argument because as we see some event take place, we want to know why it happened. The paper explains that in the case of a school shooting, the public wants almost immediately to know why this occurred, which means the public is asking for a cause-and-effect argument that explains the situation. The paper emphasizes how in truth, such clear-cut answers are often hard to come by and may not be available at all. In the case of some shooting, for instance, we may know who the shooter was by name and yet still have no way of really knowing his mentality and what caused him to act as he did.

From the Paper
"The purpose of the enclosed essay is to consider the meaning of causal explanations for actions, events, and phenomenon and the way people tend to confuse cause and effect. People also often attribute a given effect to a cause just because one follows the other and not because there is clear evidence linking the cause with the effect. Such a failure can be problematic, considerably so in certain contexts. In any case, this failure can mean that people making the error will not understand the nature of what they are describing or the real cause they want to identify. We encounter attempts at a causal argument every day in the..."

Tags:cause, effect, analysis

Abstract
This paper reviews the contentious issue of the Just Cause policy. According to this paper, what should be considered as an investment in the company has become a misnomer used to protect an unproductive workforce or individual employees.

From the Paper
"In contrast to Employment by Will (EAW), Just Cause policies are a proactive rather than reactive responses to human resource management and assume that financial and time resources expended during candidate search, evaluation, training are investments in the future of the company rather than costs. Therefore, the merits of a Just Cause policy can be considered as competitive advantage and should be a logical part of a sound business plan rather than a moral or ethical issue. Just Cause has become somewhat of a misnomer for protecting unproductive workers and basis for adversary and distrust between management and labor."

Tags:eaw, just, cause

Abstract
This paper defines cause related marketing. The author compares three books ranging from the theoretical to the practical. The paper relates the implications for integrated communications in advertising and public relations managers.

From the Paper
"Companies no longer are content with sponsoring charitable donations or creating publicity campaigns for charities at little or no cost. Instead, increasing numbers of companies are aligning themselves with organizations in long-term partnerships that benefit both the charity as well as the profit-making business. This research considers three recent books that concern themselves with this type of marketing called Cause Related Marketing and considers the implications of these books on the field. The three books exist along a spectrum from the highly theoretical ..."

Tags:cause related marketing, ICAP, integrated communications in advertising and public relations, Adkins, Earle, Pringle, Thompson

Abstract
The paper explains that root cause analysis is a step by step technique that focuses on finding the real cause of a problem rather than merely treating the symptoms. The paper shows how root cause analysis is used in medical facilities to analyze failures and set up guidelines and procedures to prevent future problems. The paper relates that root cause analysis can be applied to a wide range of problems, including behavioral problems, procedural problems and relationship problems.

From the Paper
"Root cause analysis can be an effective tool to fix trouble in the workplace and reduce the chances of problems arising in the future. The study of root causes requires a highly defined procedure designed to identify and correct the very origins of a problem. The most common root causes of issues in the healthcare environment are communication, orientation and training, patient assessment processes, staffing levels, information availability, and competency.
"In a society in which litigation is the most common forum for settling disputes, problems will continue to arise since the main focus is on punishment rather than prevention. For this reason, root cause analysis is an important tool for moving forward after a major error has been made in at a medical facility."

Tags:healthcare, litigation, problem, resolution

Abstract
This paper compares cause-related marketing and the use of celebrity endorsements in promoting products. The paper discusses how both methods strategically tie symbolism to the point of purchase to the extent that the purchase holds deeper meaning than simply satisfying personal needs. The paper then looks at and compares the history and development of each method.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Comparative Histories
Relevancy of Cause-Related Marketing
Strengths of Cause-Related Marketing
Weaknesses of Cause-Related Marketing
Relevancy of the Use of Celebrity Endorsements
Strengths of Celebrity Endorsements
Weaknesses in the Use of Celebrity Endorsements
A Comparative Review of Current Trends
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Celebrity endorsements personalize products for consumers and assist them in establishing whether a product has value or not. Typically celebrities are trusted as long as their image matches the desired brand image. Celebrities are increasingly interested in cause-related marketing approaches and are investing in supporting particular causes as a means of giving back to society. The future of marketing will continue to focus on meeting the needs of consumers. If consumers demand corporate support for social and emotional causes, and there is potential for profit growth, corporations will continue to accommodate this trend."

Tags:society, consumer, perceptions, profit, product

Abstract
This paper explains that both advocates and opponents of homosexual rights have supported efforts to determine the cause of homosexuality so that a policy and position on the status of homosexuals within society can be established. Next, the author reviews the biological genetic theory and the social theory; however, the author contends that identifying one distinct cause for homosexuality is problematic. The paper argues that the best position for the homosexual movement is to state that the cause of homosexuality is not important but, rather, the preservation of the equal rights for all people is the most paramount objective.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Gay Gene Fallacy
The Argument against Nurture
Conclusion: The Continuing Debate and the Direction of Homosexual Rights

From the Paper
One common theory is that sexual preference is biologically determined. Heterosexual and homosexual individuals are born with innate preferences that eventually determine their choice of sex partners. This view of homosexuality contends that homosexuals "Some evidence suggests that the widespread belief of a biological cause of homosexuality would help to reduce the incidence of discrimination based upon sexual orientation. In an empirical study focused upon determining the factors that influence the perception of social workers of homosexuals and homophobia,
"The understanding of a biological cause for sexual orientation was more likely to lead to positive regard for homosexual than other factors such as sex, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status or living arrangements (urban versus rural). However, individuals who maintain very strong religious views, particularly those who view homosexuality as a sin, were ultimately the group most likely to maintain views described as homophobic.
"Based upon the results gathered through studies such as Swank and Raiz (2007), some gay rights advocates make the mistake of believing that a biologically determined cause for homosexuality would further the movement. Brookey (2001) explained that advocates of gay rights maintain that this research proves that sexual orientation is not chosen and therefore gays should not suffer from discrimination because of their sexuality."

Tags:medicalization, civil rights battle, lifestyle option, stigmatization religious dogma

Abstract
In the paper, the author examines the similarities and differences between the US invasion of Panama (Just Cause) in 1989 and the US led war against Iraq (Desert Storm) in 1991.The writer contends that whilst both the operations had as their aim the toppling of a totalitarian regime, they differed in a number of aspects. In the course of the paper, the writer examines the military preparedness of US forces in Operation Just Cause and Operation Desert Storm, The root factors affecting the U.S. military readiness to perform its primary function during initial stages of the conflicts, and whether or not the U.S. military has overcome the fundamental obstacle to achieving force readiness prior to the commencement of combat operations.

Outline:
Introduction
Military Preparedness in Operation Just Cause and Operation Desert Storm
Root Factors Affecting U.S. Military Readiness to Perform its Primary Function During Initial Stages of the Conflicts
Whether Or Not The U.S. Military Has Overcome The Fundamental Obstacle To Achieving Force Readiness Prior To The Commencement Of Combat Operations
References

From the Paper
"We must also bear in mind that the operation was in collation with the armies of the other countries that also participated and was largely a combined effort. In contrast the operation at Panama - Just Cause was an all American Affair. Operation Just Cause demonstrated that the capabilities of the army were enhanced with training and coordination. The control structures and the training of personnel were proved to be flawless. However the planning and conflict strategy still needed refinement. The engagement was without use of very sensitive weapons and missiles and was an operation largely dependent on the maneuverability of the personnel. It was conducted by the US without any coalition presence all by its own resources. (Special Operations Association, 2005)"

Tags:iraq kuwait panama noriega, persian gulf, baghdad jordan army, air force, military invasion dictator, saddam hussein, terrorist

Abstract
This paper analyzes cause-related marketing (CRM) from a business perspective in order to determine what exactly cause-related marketing is and what relationship exists, if any, between cause-related marketing and brand imaging. The paper explores whether CRM is a successful tool for enhancing brand image and thus public opinion of a corporation's products and/or services.

From the Paper
"To understand how cause related marketing is related to brand marketing one must first understand what exactly cause related marketing entails. Brown, Olsen & Pracejus (2003) define cause related marketing as a technique whereby "the contribution of the advertiser to a cause is linked to the customers' engaging in revenue producing transactions with the firm" (19; from Varadarajan & Menon, 1988: 60). Cause related marketing is increasingly a popular trend in marketing, resulting in more than seven hundred million dollars per year in promotion expenditures in the United States alone (Brown, Olsen & Pracejus, 2003; IEG, 2001). Kelley & Kowalczyk (2003) define the practice of cause related marketing as a process of "formulating and implementing marketing activities that are characterized by contributed a specific amount to a designated effort that causes customers to engage in revenue providing exchanges" (p. 15). Cause related marketing strategies serve corporations in a number of ways, allowing them to justify donations, utilize fewer resources, differentiate products and services among other things (Keeley & Kowalcyzk, 2003:15)."

Tags:advertisement, customer, strategy

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the requirement of reasonable cause when it comes to stop-and-frisk. The writer argues that because of the increased threat of domestic terrorism the laws should be changed so that reasonable cause is no longer required for stop-and-frisk actions.

From the Paper
"Several years ago Britain took a significant step in its war on terrorism when it changed the laws regarding mandated criteria for stop and search. In an unprecedented move the British government changed the law so that police officers do not have to have reasonable cause to stop and frisk. The new powers given to police allow them to stop anyone, anywhere at anytime to frisk and search. Britain did this in an effort to fight the ever growing threat of domestic terrorism. If the person in question refuses to allow a search they can be arrested, jailed and fined for that refusal(Stop, 1996). The vote to allow the new power by law enforcement was almost unanimously supported. While Britain and America have spent the last 13 years fighting international terrorism side by side, America has insisted on hanging onto its stop and frisk laws. American laws mandate that the law enforcement officials have reasonable cause to stop and frisk before they are allowed to do so."

Tags:terrorism, police, profiling, racial