Abstract
This paper discusses the modern welfare system as it exists in America and describes how it grew out of the cataclysm of the Great Depression. It looks at the division between social insurance and welfare to an increasing emphasis on disability. The paper suggests that welfare in America came from the uncertain efforts to match European states which had far more advanced systems.

From the Paper
"The Clinton administration forced a number of changes to the welfare system through executive action, requiring teen mothers on welfare to stay in school and requiring mothers to identify the fathers of their children as a condition to receiving welfare. These actions were intended to contribute to the education of welfare recipients and to hold men accountable for child support. To pressure non-paying parents, the administration used federal law enforcement against people trying to avoid child support by crossing state lines. These efforts did manage a change in the welfare system, with significant reductions of the number of people on welfare and increases in child support collections (Clinton)."

Tags:social security, disability taxation support

Abstract
This paper focuses on the five main factors that led to Germany's defeat in the Second World War. It first examines the lack of focus of German operations. Next, it looks at Germany's inability to make lasting allies and how Germany's cruelty to conquered nations caused unnecessary antagonism and united other countries against her. Next, the paper discusses America's industrial and manpower contributions to the war, which was far greater than Hitler had expected and boosted the strength of the Allies greatly. The paper then discusses how Germany never achieved its economic potential. Finally, the paper describes Hitler's unwillingness to end the war. These five factors combined to form a great Allied threat to Germany and a German denial and arrogance, which ultimately resulted in its defeat.

From the Paper
"This policy was not conducive to political alliances and ultimately was a major factor in Germany's downfall The nature of Nazism combined with Hitler's distrustful nature and "Hitler's well-proven untrustworthiness" made it impossible for Germany to have any lasting allies. In 1941, Germany tried to organize an anti-British alliance of Spain France, Italy, Germany, Russia and Japan, but failed. No one believed the propaganda about a united Europe. The propaganda about a "European Partnership" was not believed by Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway or Denmark. The alliances with Italy and Russia that existed early in the war deteriorated."

Tags:rearmament, facism, axis

Abstract
This essay analyzes the influence of the French Revolution on the music of Ludvig Von Beethoven, tracing the impact of the economic and social upheavals of his era in his musical compositions. The writer discusses that Beethoven's earliest works showed a unique willingness to depart from convention, but the political cataclysms of war and revolution, combined with his own tempestuous personality, produced works of musical passion and genius which remain compelling and timeless.

From the Paper
"The French Revolution had a profound impact on the music of Beethoven. It is difficult for us in 2006 to imagine what life was like in Europe under the Ancient Regime, and the economic and social conditions in which Beethoven emerged. What is crucially important to understand is that throughout his musical career Beethoven lived in a European society that was undergoing profound economic turbulence, political upheaval and violent warfare. No understanding of his music is possible without an appreciation of these basic facts. It is useful in analyzing Beethoven's life and music to compare him briefly with Haydn and Mozart, two other ..."

Tags:french, revolution

Abstract
The following paper will briefly argue that mass starvation is not a likely scenario for human beings because of our capacity to develop new technologies, because of our dwindling global birthrate, and because of new attitudes towards the environment. As time allows, I will look at these matters as well as at the science behind studies aimed at divining what the future holds for humanity. When all is said and done, the next few generations will not be idyllic one, but a positively cataclysmic series of events would have to occur before mass starvation would be possible.

From the Paper
Scientific Reasoning: Is Mass Starvation Really a Possibility for Human Beings? The following paper will briefly argue that mass starvation is not a likely scenario for human beings because of our capacity to develop new technologies, because of our dwindling global birthrate, and because of new attitudes towards the environment. As time allows, I will look at these matters as well as at the science behind studies aimed at divining what the future holds for humanity. When all is said and done, the next few generations will not be idyllic one, but a positively cataclysmic series of events would have to occur before mass starvation would be

Tags:starvation, human, beings

Abstract
This paper contains in-depth research into the history of China's communist leader Mao Tse-tung, speculated to be the most powerful person who has ever lived. This paper delves into Mao's political and military career and examines his writings and thoughts that dominated the functioning of the People's Republic from 1949-76. Mao authored some 2,300 publications and 740 million copies of his "Quotations" have been printed. Adapting communism to Chinese conditions Mao stressed the need for rural rather than urban-based revolutions in Asia, for reducing rural-urban differences, and for perpetual revolution to prevent the emergence of new elites.
Topics covered in this report include:
Introduction
The Young Mao
The Rise of the CCP - Mao Tse Tung - The Cataclysmic Years
The Civil War: The Revolutionary Mao
The KMT and the Long March
Achievements of the Kuomintang (KMT)
Conclusion
Endnotes
Bibliography

From the Paper
"One major area of dispute between Mao and the Returned Student leadership was military strategy. By early 1930s Mao had developed very strong opinions in this area. Despite the fact that he was without professional military training, he had always taken the strongest interest in war and strategy. The issues that divided him and the Central committee were not narrowly technical, but had important political implications."

Tags:communism, political, history, china, asia, military

Abstract
The thesis of this paper is that climate change in the North is a cataclysmic event caused by human consumption of fossil fuels that is altering the entire Arctic region and therefore the world. The paper looks at several news reports on the global effects of climate change.

From the Paper
"The thesis of this paper is that climate change in the North is a cataclysmic event caused by human consumption of fossil fuels that is altering the entire Arctic region and therefore the world. "It is real and it is accelerating across the globe". "The news is not just bad. It indicates a worldwide catastrophe is at hand" within the 21st century and possibly this generation. "Yan Hong, deputy secretary of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), one of the two parent bodies of the IPPC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), said climate change bore `potential implications for world peace'..."

Tags:negative, climate, chanes

Abstract
On 13 September 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera launched a successful and bloodless coup d'etat, beginning seven years of dictatorship in Spain. Primo de Rivera was a maladroit politician filled with the fervor of Spanish patriotism thought sufficient to navigate his dictatorship through the murky waters of politics. This paper will argue that the regime was more of a developmental dictatorship than one based in the usual fundamentals of autocracy. It concerns itself instead with describing the political realities in which the Primo de Rivera dictatorship was based, before moving on to discuss the objectives and achievements of the regime. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which the dictatorship may have influenced the cataclysmic developments that drew the nation into Civil War less than a decade after the collapse of the Primo de Rivera regime.

Tags:miguel, primo, de, rivera

Abstract
This paper describes the chronological events that occurred on September 11 2001 that led to the eventual collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC). It provides structural information on the exact architecture of the two towers and examines how the downfall of these two buildings occurred through a series of steps that eventually led to the cataclysmic chain reaction of each floor smashing into its corresponding lower floor, eventually destroying both towers. The primary factor leading to this disaster was the immense heat the structural design withstood and the impact of the airliners that hit them. It concludes that the WTC Towers were not defectively designed since no designer could have ever anticipated a catastrophe of the magnitude that occurred.

From the Paper
"The structural integrity of the WTC depended on these closely spaced columns around the perimeter. Lightweight steel trusses spanned between the central elevator core and the perimeter columns on each floor. These trusses support the four-inch concrete slabs that separate each floor and tied the perimeter columns to the core. These trusses supported the vertical forces acting on the building. These steel structures were coated with an aluminum alloy for extra strength."

Tags:911, terrorism, structure, architecture, fire, heat, airliner, steel, trusses

Abstract
This paper examines how the causes of World War I and World War II were not one cataclysmic event but were a multitude of causes that basically derived from Nationalism and Imperialism. It shows how these two factors led to the turmoil in Europe and growing tensions and how the outbreak of World War II is an indirect link to the ending of World War I, which led to many years of chaos in Europe. It analyzes how the resulting economic depressions were a cascade of many more economic issues that Europe and America still face today and how the most radical affect was the Cold War, a war that plagued fear upon the American population for forty five years.

From the Paper
"The first cause of World War II was the intense anger over the Versailles Treaty. This Treaty was signed on June 28, 1919 and basically held Germany responsible for creating this world war. The Versailles Treaty ordered that Germany pay for all the damages that the Allies and their governments endured as a result of this war. Germany was then ordered to cut their army down to 100,000 soldiers, as well as their navy, and do away with their air-force. Germany was also angry that their territory had to be reduced as well. The territory of Alsace and Lorraine was ceded by France and certain sections of Prussia went to present day Poland. Germany felt that this treaty was "dictated peace" and they proceeded to refuse this treaty. In doing so, the future affects would be another war. "

Tags:cold, war, versailles, treaty, germany, economic, depression

Abstract
This paper explains that both plays highlight the importance of "identity" and the consequences of not having one. The author points out that "Death of a Salesman" revolves around the disillusioned and delusional world of Willy Loman; whereas, "A Doll's House" focuses on the life of a nave housewife, Nora, who again has no identity of her own and lives in a world defined and dictated by her husband. The paper relates that, in both plays, the tension is built up for cataclysmic endings; only something appalling or close to a miracle could wake Willy and Nora to the reality of their situations.

From the Paper
"Willy Loman, on the other hand, also suffers from identity crisis; and this stems from his inability to realize his dreams in the cruel capitalist world of America. Unlike some men who made it big in the land of opportunities, Willy remains a salesman all his life, and just the realization that he had failed was profound enough to turn his life upside down. From this point onwards, he builds his own illusionary world where everything goes according to his wishes, and his insanity negatively affects everyone in his family. His insane world is guided by wrong principles and beliefs."

Tags:nora, willy, housewife, salesman, identity