Abstract The paper examines the use and need of tactical paramedics in mass care events, such as the previous events of Hurricane Katrina and the rescue operation and the event of September 11, 2001, and its resulting mass casualty care. The paper provides an extensive literature review that shows how the emergency medical service (EMS) profession is vital and should be viewed with the same respect as other professions. The paper also learns that a trauma care emergency response is one that requires flexibility and yet demands coordination, which is seriously lacking between agencies.
Outline:
Objective
Significance of the Study
Methodology
Background
Literature Review
Summary of Literature Reviewed in This Study
Recommendations of The Study
From the Paper "The American Medical Association (AMA) along with four major medical centers and three national health organizations established the National Disaster Life Support (NDLS) training program in 2003 for the purpose of better preparing health care professionals and emergency response personnel for mass casualty events. Stated as the "overarching goal is to standardize emergency response training nationwide and strengthen our nation's public health system." (Advanced Disaster Life Support, 2004, p.1) Prior to the 2001 terrorist attacks disaster education programs were being developed by various academic centers toward meeting what was perceived to be a lack of preparedness of medical disaster personnel and planning. Since 2001, there has been an increased demand for a course that is recognized nationally in training for "all-hazards" for better preparation of health care professionals and emergency response personnel. Toward this end a 'all-hazards' coordinated training program has been developed by a collaboration between academic, state and federal centers that goes by the name of the 'National Disaster Life Support Education Consortium (NDLSEC) that receives the funding from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)."
Abstract This paper discusses the Great War brought on and the new weapons and instruments of destruction that prevailed. It also states the reasons why there were so many stalemates on the battlefield which led to a war of attrition and mass casualties. It also looks at the targeting of a whole nation's means and resources towards fighting a total war. This paper concludes that the war was so destructive because of the advancement in industry and weaponry, such as artillery, machine guns and chemical warfare.
From the Paper "In this paper I plan to put forward the following points to show how the Great War was so destructive. I will look at the new weapons and instruments of destruction that prevailed during the war. The reasons why there were so many stalemates? on the battlefield, which led to a war of attrition and mass casualties. I will also look at the targeting of a whole nations means and resources towards fighting a total war."
Tags: World, War, I, Great, nations, destruction, 1915, weapons, casualties
Abstract This paper attempts to identify the different types of insurance fraud perpetrated today and to evaluate their effect on the insurance industry and society at large. After tax evasion, insurance fraud is considered the highest-ranked among white-collar crimes. It provides a history of insurance, examines in detail the main types of insurance frauds currently around and discusses the measures that can be taken to help prevent and reduce the number of fraudulent claims.
Table of contents:
Abstract
Introduction
History of Insurance
Insurance Fraud
How Insurance Frauds Affect Society
Classification of Fraud by Insurance Companies
Insurance Fraud Status as a Crime
Types of Insurance Frauds
Staged Auto Accidents
Arson-for-Profit
Health Insurance Fraud by Individuals and Corporations
Workers' Compensation Fraud
Property/ Casualty Insurance Fraud
Agent Fraud
Fake and Real Deaths to Collect Life Insurance Money
Identity Fraud
Efforts to Reduce Insurance Fraud
Conclusion
From the Paper "One of the most famous insurance providers in the world today, Lloyd's of London came into existence in 1688. Edward Lloyd owned a coffeehouse in London where merchants and bankers evaluated the risk of the maritime operations of seafaring vessels used for trading among the various British colonies and those used for prospecting new lands. Financiers for the expensive endeavors and trips to far off lands invested huge amounts of money in the hope that the voyages would be successful. Ship captains required money for supplies and goods, and would offer to embark on these dangerous trips with the help of these financiers?a potentially, mutually beneficial endeavor."
Tags: premiums, fraudulent, claims, crime, arson-for-profit, property, casualty, health
A discussion of the development of automated bio-terrorism identification equipment to detect and provide warning of the presence of biological agents in the case of biological wafare.
Abstract The paper examines how the Department of Defense has started work on a biological agent detection and identification program as part of efforts to develop a national early warning system for urban areas pertaining to biological warfare. It also describes the Biological Defense Homeland Security Support Program to achieve early detection and characterization of a biological-related incident in an urban area in order to reduce casualties, minimize disruption to infrastructures and support consequence management efforts. It looks at how the Postal Service has also set into motion work toward the development of bio-terrorism identification equipment due to anthrax scares and the work of biotechnology companies in the development of pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats .
From the Paper "Another developer of bio-terrorism identification equipment is NanoVia, LP, an innovative leader in the development of next generation high-speed microvia drilling technology. The company recently announced that it intends to further develop its patented drilling process for pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats (prweb.com). While currently applicable for conditions such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, fast-moving allergic reactions, seizures and cardiovascular conditions, NanoVia, LP believes that inhaled physical threats, such as Anthrax, can also be combated with this technology (prweb.com)."
Abstract It argues that the Union army under Hooker took more casualties than were necessary. It traces this problem to a lack of initiative on the part of the Union left and its commanding officer, General Hooker.
Abstract This paper argues that, although there are times when war is necessary, such as the American War of Independence; other wars, such as the Iraq war, create serious economic, social and political problems for the warring countries as well as inevitable human casualties. The author points out that the Americans were lead to believe that the Iraqi people would greet the American soldiers with open arms; instead, the American forces are faced with a struggle to maintain peace in the region. The paper relates that the United States military involvement in Iraq has required the largest commitment of troops since the Vietnam War, which requires the armed forces having to double-up duties, re-deploy troops and call up additional reserves.
From the Paper "There is a high price to pay in order to keep so many United States troops overseas for more than three years. The projected cost of the Iraq War three years ago was expected to be around $200 billion. Even the White House said that price was too high because of expectations of the Iraqi people funding there own reconstruction. As of January 2006, the estimated cost of the war is likely to be between $1 trillion and $2 trillion. The latest Pentagon figures show that more than 16,000 troops have been wounded, and because of improved body armor, many have survived injuries to the head and spinal injuries"
Abstract This paper gives a detailed account of the timeline of events of the attack on Pearl Harbor. The author describes everything from the time of day that the attack began, the number of ships and fighters involved in the attack, the names of chief players involved on both sides, to the number of casualties from the attack. The descriptive depiction of the carnage and mayhem that ensued from the attack illustrates and gives the reader a better understanding of why the United States entered World War II.
From the Paper "At about 7:55 am, dive bombers attacked the air field on Ford Island. This destroyed many aircraft, including the PBY patrol planes at the southern tip of the island. "This attack prompted the dispatch of the famous message "Air raid, Pearl Harbor -- this is no drill", the outside World's first indication that war had come to the Pacific." (Overall Views of the Pearl Harbor Attack) Within several moments of the airfield being hit, torpedo planes attacked from the east and the west. The USS Helena, which was at the 1010 dock, was torpedoed by one of the places coming from the west. On the western side of Ford Island the USS Utah and USS Raleigh were also hit."
Tags: world, war, II, japanese, fighters, aircraft, carriers, casualties, roosevelt, united, states, military, ships
Abstract Photography has become an important tool in documenting child casualties of war. Since its invention in 1839, photography has been used to record the horrors of the battlefield. Photographic documentation of war first focused largely on the men involved in the conflict: generals meeting with their troops and horrific images of battlefield carnage. That focus changed with the Vietnam War, as photographic documentation of the civilian casualties of war became well-known. The most famous of these photographs, a striking image of a young girl fleeing a Napalm strike in terror, likely changed the face of the documentation of child casualties in war for all time. This paper shows that, today, documentation of children in war is an important part of the photographic record. Photographs of child casualties in the Gulf war and the recent Iraqi conflict have had an important role in humanizing the conflicts and bringing to light the sad reality of war: that the innocent suffer the most.
From the Paper "There are important implications that can follow the photographic documentation of children in war. Like all photographs, those of child casualties in war are simply a stolen moment, a snapshot of time. The impact of such photographs can be unexpected, especially on the lives of the subjects of the photographs. For example, media attention from Nick Ut's famous photograph changed the course of Kim Phuc's life forever. The Vietnamese government considered her a valuable symbol of the war, and took her out of medical school. Kim tried to evade the government, but foreign journalists inevitably tracked her down and exposed her to the government. She eventually received asylum in Canada, and acts as a United Nations Goodwill Ambassador (Saywell) ".
Abstract The paper states that whether a war that is being fought is a civil war, or a war between two or more countries, war impacts those people located where the war is being conducted who are not necessarily of a political or socio-economic ideology which forms the basis of the war. The paper notes that the population directly impacted by the actions of war are not the political or economic elite who go to war for motives of self-interest. Rather, these people, soldiers and civilians, are people whose lives will not realize direct benefits from the outcome of the war, but who will, nonetheless, suffer the action of war. This paper examines the impact of war on those people and attempts an examination of the impacts of war on non-governing forces.
Outline:
Bosnia Herzegovina
Africa
From the Paper "During that early historical period, there was little that caused conflict between those various groups. That changed in the nineteenth century, when local and regional identities began emerging and indicators of nationalism began being evidenced (Friedman, 2004). However, going into the twentieth century, the nationalism of the cultural identities was subordinated to the governing forces, leading up to the post World War II Communist Soviet Union (Friedman, 2004). This is a recurring underlying similarity in those countries and regions experiencing war today, even when the subordinating authority is not the Soviet Union, there is a governing force that once it withdraws and the country achieves independence, violence ensues in a free for all grab for power and governance."
Abstract The following essay argues that there is almost always an inevitable switchover of leadership and power when a country shifts from wartime or peacetime. The author makes reference to a number of examples in political history.
From the paper:
?The Vietnam War also provides another powerful example of a changeover in leadership in American History. Perhaps the most obvious domestic casualty of the Vietnam War was President Johnson. Johnson was an architect of civil rights reform, and wished to create a Great Society of social improvement at home. This proved impossible to do while waging the Vietnam War abroad. Not only did Johnson realize it would be impossible to run for re-election, but Johnson's Vice President lost to Richard Nixon, though the latter was thought to have no political future after his defeat by President Kennedy in 1960?.
Tags: foreign, policy, seismic, shift, Cold, War, multilateral, balance, President, George, Bush, elected
This paper argues that just war theory, and the international law which is based upon it, are inherently flawed and lead powerful states justifying violent actions.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 12 sources, 2001, $ 80.95
Abstract In this paper, it is argued that throughout history and in present day, the criteria of just war theory, and the international law which is based upon, have been applied only subjectively toward the fulfillment of national and self-interest, and that the plurality of human culture and the nature of war itself make it impossible to ever apply the criteria of just war theory in an objective manner. Because just war theory can never succeed in its goals of objectively determining when a state can justly go to war or how a war can be morally waged, it serves only as justification for the actions taken by states powerful enough to fulfill their national interest through violent conflict.
From the paper:
"?This semester, I had the opportunity to participate in a seminar on the foreign policy of the Clinton administration taught by Leon Fuerth, the national security advisor to former Vice-President Al Gore. As a member of the national security council, Fuerth provided an inside look at how American foreign policy was formulated over the last eight years. During one session, Fuerth discussed the process of deciding what objects to target during the Kosovo air campaign. He related that "the lawyers" advised the administration that it could not legally bomb the power grids of Serbian cities because it may lead to civilian injury. However, Fuerth recalled, they found no legal quandary with deploying a massive invasion force in Serbian territory or the civilian casualties that could result from such an invasion. Fuerth asked the class, almost rhetorically, which option was more moral?"
Abstract This paper explains the effects, circumstances, causes and happenings of the Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Battle of the Ardennes. It also suggests what went wrong for the Germans and what mistakes Hitler made. Military tactics of both sides are analyzed - Germans and Allies.
From the Paper "The Battle of the Bulge, which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 25, 1945, was the largest battle of World War II in which the United States participated (Toland). Over a million men fought for their lives, countries and families. Although many a soldier dreamed of the day they could return to their families, many of them did not make it home. At the conclusion of the battle there were 81,000 American casualties including 23,554 captured and 19,000 killed. The British suffered 1,400 casualties, with only 200 killed. Also, the greatest number of all, there were 100,000 German soldiers killed, wounded or captured (Cole)."
Tags: allies, ardennes, army, battle, belgium, casualties, germans, hitler, ii, offensive, red, russian, war, world, wwii
From the Paper "MEDICAL EFFECTS ON CHILDREN STEMMING FROM THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR INCIDENT
Introduction
This research examines the medical effect on children that have stemmed from the Chernobyl nuclear incident in 1986. The findings of this examination are presented in three major discussions, which are (1) a review of the incident, together with the general effects, both medical and non-medical, stemming from the incident, (2) a review of the specific medical outcomes of the incident affecting children, and (3) a review of the actions by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in relation to the Chernobyl and its victims.
The Chernobyl Nuclear Incident.
The Chernobyl nuclear incident (at the Chernobyl nuclear.."
Examines the Allied invasion at Normandy on June 6, 1944. Discusses the overall strategy of the Allies and Germans, planning and preparation, success and shortcomings, goals, leadership, casualties, land, air and sea forces.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 6 sources, 1999, $ 119.95
Abstract This research paper discusses the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, the overall strategy for the operation of the invaders and defenders, operational planning and preparations and the fighting on that fateful day. Allied strategy was brilliantly conceived. German defensive strategy was muddled.
From the Paper "This research paper discusses the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, the overall strategy for the operation of the invaders and defenders, operational planning and preparations and the fighting on that fateful day. Allied strategy was brilliantly conceived. German defensive strategy was muddled. Allied operational plans and preparations for the invasion were basically sound, except for the failure to plan for exploitation of the lodgement on the French coast, overreliance on pre-invasion bombardment of landing areas and other technical errors. German plans and preparations suffered from a divided command and certain fundamental weaknesses in their force structure."
Abstract The paper discusses that ,for most students on campus, drug use can be a recreational, experimental adventure, occasionally "done" at social gatherings. It argues that those who dabble in drugs are jeopardizing much more than the legal ramifications of getting caught. For the unfortunate few, it can be the beginning of a terrifying world of addiction. Experimenting with drugs, in truth, is like playing Russian roulette. Both are deadly games with eventual casualties. The paper uses persuasive argument to show that the disease of addiction is progressive - that one begins by smoking a little "weed" or popping a few pills and eventually the drug will handle the user.
From the Paper "In recent news releases, cigarette smoking among college students is over 20 percent. Also, excessive drinking at Penn States main campus this past summer deployed riot police, curfews and criminal charges. Alcohol and tobacco, which are both addictive, are unfortunately socially acceptable and legal. In the city of Philadelphia, an unscrupulous physician is arrested for writing out pain prescriptions for addicts on a regular basis. Amish youths were likewise busted for selling cocaine in Lancaster County. Is no place sacred? Is no one immune?"
