Abstract
It argues that the Union army under Hooker took more casualties than were necessary. It traces this problem to a lack of initiative on the part of the Union left and its commanding officer, General Hooker.

Abstract
"The effects of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Japan were myriad, affecting all in its path in diverse ways. The most obvious of those affected by the bombings in were the innocent victims, townspeople who were simply going about the business of living when the bomb was dropped on their world, changing it forever. Yet, the bombs had many casualties-seen and unseen-in both Asia and the United States. In times of war, it seems that the only way governments are able to make a point is through its citizens, those to whom the worst collateral damage occurs. The American B-29 bomber-the Enola Gay-was deployed August 6, 1945, from the island of Tinian. The Enola Gay headed for Hiroshima, Japan carrying a uranium 235 gun-type bomb, named Little Boy and exploded at 8:16 a.m. Estimates place Little Boy's instantaneous fatalities at between 80,000 to 140,000 people with 100,000 more seriously injured (The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki)."

From the Paper
Casualties of War The effects of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Japan were myriad, affecting all in its path in diverse ways. The most obvious of those affected by the bombings in were the innocent victims, townspeople who were simply going about the business of living when the bomb was dropped on their world, changing it forever. Yet, the bombs had many casualties--seen and unseen--in both Asia and the United States. In times of war, it seems that the only way governments are able to make a point is through its citizens, those to whom the worst collateral damage occurs. The American B-29 bomber--the Enola Gay--was deployed August 6, 1945, from

Tags:synthesis, research, paper

Abstract
The paper examines the use and need of tactical paramedics in mass care events, such as the previous events of Hurricane Katrina and the rescue operation and the event of September 11, 2001, and its resulting mass casualty care. The paper provides an extensive literature review that shows how the emergency medical service (EMS) profession is vital and should be viewed with the same respect as other professions. The paper also learns that a trauma care emergency response is one that requires flexibility and yet demands coordination, which is seriously lacking between agencies.

Outline:
Objective
Significance of the Study
Methodology
Background
Literature Review
Summary of Literature Reviewed in This Study
Recommendations of The Study

From the Paper
"The American Medical Association (AMA) along with four major medical centers and three national health organizations established the National Disaster Life Support (NDLS) training program in 2003 for the purpose of better preparing health care professionals and emergency response personnel for mass casualty events. Stated as the "overarching goal is to standardize emergency response training nationwide and strengthen our nation's public health system." (Advanced Disaster Life Support, 2004, p.1) Prior to the 2001 terrorist attacks disaster education programs were being developed by various academic centers toward meeting what was perceived to be a lack of preparedness of medical disaster personnel and planning. Since 2001, there has been an increased demand for a course that is recognized nationally in training for "all-hazards" for better preparation of health care professionals and emergency response personnel. Toward this end a 'all-hazards' coordinated training program has been developed by a collaboration between academic, state and federal centers that goes by the name of the 'National Disaster Life Support Education Consortium (NDLSEC) that receives the funding from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)."

Tags:treatment, medicine, patients, injuries, triage, transportation, emergency

Abstract
The paper examines the nature and imperatives of the modern nation-state along with the threats and responsibilities it faces. A comparative analysis is made of two prominent writers in the field- noted Harvard professor and legal scholar Alan Dershowitz and respected academic and human rights advocate Jeremy Waldron. The conclusion is that although torture is a morally complicated issue, in very limited and specific instances, it may be permissible to save life by preventing mass casualties.

Outline:
Introduction
The State
Torture and Its Discontents
Torture and the State

From the Paper
"Torture is a very sensitive and extremely controversial issue. An abhorrent enterprise, it is unfit for the civilized world, but in truth we do not always deal with civilized foes. Threats to the security of the United States now emanate from individuals and groups of non state actors who are loosely affiliated, highly mobile, versatile, resourceful, cunning, and above all brutal. They operate from lawless regions in Afghanistan and Pakistan and have cells in over sixty countries. They owe allegiance to no state, recognize no treaties, and make no distinction between soldier and civilian. Their aims are total, their means are savage, their ideology is fanatical, and their patience is of potentially infinite duration. This will be a long struggle not dissimilar to the Cold War, but without the advantages of a rational adversary and a fixed operational base. In such an unprecedented fight, no principle can be absolute save flexibility.
"

Tags:terrorism, war, on, terror, human, rights, international, law, morality

Abstract
The paper states that whether a war that is being fought is a civil war, or a war between two or more countries, war impacts those people located where the war is being conducted who are not necessarily of a political or socio-economic ideology which forms the basis of the war. The paper notes that the population directly impacted by the actions of war are not the political or economic elite who go to war for motives of self-interest. Rather, these people, soldiers and civilians, are people whose lives will not realize direct benefits from the outcome of the war, but who will, nonetheless, suffer the action of war. This paper examines the impact of war on those people and attempts an examination of the impacts of war on non-governing forces.

Outline:
Bosnia Herzegovina
Africa

From the Paper
"During that early historical period, there was little that caused conflict between those various groups. That changed in the nineteenth century, when local and regional identities began emerging and indicators of nationalism began being evidenced (Friedman, 2004). However, going into the twentieth century, the nationalism of the cultural identities was subordinated to the governing forces, leading up to the post World War II Communist Soviet Union (Friedman, 2004). This is a recurring underlying similarity in those countries and regions experiencing war today, even when the subordinating authority is not the Soviet Union, there is a governing force that once it withdraws and the country achieves independence, violence ensues in a free for all grab for power and governance."

Tags:affairs, atrocities, devastated, ethnic, cleansing, ferocity, internecine, violence

Abstract
This paper discusses the statement by critics of Philip Caputo's book, "A Rumor of War," that Caputo should be held accountable for the deaths of two civilian Vietnamese that he describes in his book. The writer argues that, based on the mentality ingrained by training, wartime circumstances, and the responsibility forced upon Caputo, the deaths should not be laid at Caputo's door. The paper describes the changes that Caputo had to undergo and how these drastically altered his worldview and concludes that ultimate accountability lies with those who ordered Caputo to increase the body count and those who trained him to become a machine of war.

From the Paper
"Caputo's transformation into a weapon of war began with his induction into the United States Marine Corps and the changes he endured under the watchful eyes of his superiors. "Like all evolutions, ours was accompanied by mutations. The Marine Corps had made highly efficient fighting men of us, and we had begun to look it." The Marines employed a succession oriented process to create soldiers with each progressive evolution being designed to reinforce primal instincts of killing and survival. As described by Caputo, "Week by week, month by month, we learned our violent craft, each lesson a step in our evolution from civilians to professional soldiers." These skills would later prove to be Caputo's means of survival and a cause for numerous nights without sleep."

Tags:primordial Vietnam jungle guilt mentality platoon relentless, Viet Cong, emotionless

From the Paper
"On April 29, 1992 Los Angeles erupted into what has been known as the L.A. riots. Many people have compared these riots to the Watts riots of 1965. While there are some parallels between the two occurrences, there are major differences as well.

The 1965 Watts riots may have signaled the eclipse of an old order, WASP and conservative, personified by then-Mayor Sam Yorty and Police Chief William Parker.. By the mid-1960s, a new governing coalition was already emerging, linking the black and Jewish communities, liberal on social issues, friendly to corporate priorities, and soon to be presided over by Tom Bradley. The Watts riots pointed out that black people needed a voice in government and with this new, liberal coalition it seemed likely that they would get it. There would be money and effort put into rebuilding the black community."

From the Paper
"The Battle for Guam, July-August, 1944


This paper will examine the invasion and battle for Guam in the Summer of 1944. The topics will include the strategic background to the operation, the invasion and battle itself, and the lessons learned from the operation.


Operation FORAGER, the campaign to capture the Marianas Islands, was conceived in January of 1943 as a method to draw the Japanese Navy out into a decisive naval engagement and to establish forward bases which could threaten Japanese economic interests in Southeast Asia (Morison 5-6; Morton 219). The Navy envisioned developing Guam and Saipan as advanced naval bases, while the Army Air-Force needed B-29 bases for the bombing of Japan (Morison 157).


In March of 1944, the final decision to take the Marianas.."

Abstract
This research paper discusses the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, the overall strategy for the operation of the invaders and defenders, operational planning and preparations and the fighting on that fateful day. Allied strategy was brilliantly conceived. German defensive strategy was muddled.

From the Paper
"This research paper discusses the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, the overall strategy for the operation of the invaders and defenders, operational planning and preparations and the fighting on that fateful day. Allied strategy was brilliantly conceived. German defensive strategy was muddled. Allied operational plans and preparations for the invasion were basically sound, except for the failure to plan for exploitation of the lodgement on the French coast, overreliance on pre-invasion bombardment of landing areas and other technical errors. German plans and preparations suffered from a divided command and certain fundamental weaknesses in their force structure."

Tags:military

From the Paper
"MEDICAL EFFECTS ON CHILDREN STEMMING FROM THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR INCIDENT
Introduction
This research examines the medical effect on children that have stemmed from the Chernobyl nuclear incident in 1986. The findings of this examination are presented in three major discussions, which are (1) a review of the incident, together with the general effects, both medical and non-medical, stemming from the incident, (2) a review of the specific medical outcomes of the incident affecting children, and (3) a review of the actions by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in relation to the Chernobyl and its victims.
The Chernobyl Nuclear Incident.

The Chernobyl nuclear incident (at the Chernobyl nuclear.."