Abstract The paper describes several aspects of the American Association of Nurses (ANA) Code of Ethics including its content, its principles and degree of clarity, its usefulness and its strengths and weaknesses. The development of the Code of Ethics over the decades is also discussed.
From the Paper "Butts and Rich point out that effective nursing requires both broad knowledge and a set of well developed abilities and skills. The required tasks are many and varied and in order to do them properly care must be taken to.."
Abstract Daphne Marlatt's novel, "Ana Historic", is unique in that it refuses to follow the typical novel form, a structured style of writing familiar to us all; it is after all the style we have learnt as children. However our inherited writing structure has been decided by our forefathers, men who established the English language and its writing style and in this way shaped how our thoughts and ideas must be arranged. This paper looks at how Marlatt rejects this idea of the conventional, masculine English language and along with it the boundaries that arrange and reign in our thoughts.
This paper discusses the American Nurses Association (ANA), the only full-service professional organization representing the nation's 2.9 million registered nurses (RNs) through its 54 constituent member associations.
Abstract This paper explains that the American Nurses Association (ANA) advances the nursing profession by fostering high standards of nursing practice, promoting the economic and general welfare of nurses in the workplace, projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing and lobbying the Congress and regulatory agencies on health care issues affecting nurses and the public. The author stresses that ANA, as part of various nursing umbrella organizations, promotes a unified advocacy to any cause-oriented or socially relevant issues affecting the society and health care profession. The paper relates that a regular membership in the American Nurses Association requires a baccalaureate degree, Registered Nurse (RN) certification and a license to practice the nursing profession the United States; however, additional categories of membership are available for foreign, unemployed, student, disabled and elderly nurses.
Table of Contents:
Overview of the Organization
The Statement of Purpose of the Organization
Advantages and Disadvantages of Membership in the Organization
Requirements for Membership in the Organization
Why this Organization Interests You?
From the Paper "A major drawback of the ANA is the membership dues - at $ 255.00 for the Full Membership Dues, some nurse practitioners, especially those in economically depressed areas of the United States, will find the amount steep! Although it is a prestigious organization to be part of, this stature costs a bundle. The ANA have Reduced and Special Dues though but these are for student, unemployed and retired nurses. Another possible disadvantage of joining the ANA is the political agenda they endorse; a particular member or a group of members may not believe or may be against some of the association's political agenda."
Abstract The paper discusses whether Pro Ana and Pro Mia websites should be regulated or, banned, or left alone. The paper concludes that, while appearing to perpetuate addictive behavior, the websites actually have a primary function that might be used in treating these disorders, as the very existence of these websites is bringing adolescent girls and their parents to the realization of an existing problem in order that they might seek help. Therefore, it may be that these websites serve a very important purpose which is a coming out of the darkness of hiding the addictive behavior into the light of admitting that a problem exists.
From the Paper "Thus these sites provide a glimpse into the meaning making practices of non-clinical populations." Indeed what these sites actually provide is a type of framework that might be utilized in the development of treatment options across the population. Pascoe states that already participants in this "online subculture...often rework characterizations of anorexia as a disease by engaging in complex discussions of anorexia as a lifestyle choice in addition to or instead of a medical and psychological disorder. In crafting a complex community with unique symbols, rituals and identities these women provide a fuller picture of eating disorders and people who live with them, voluntarily or not" .
Abstract This paper examines Santa Ana's effectiveness in reducing the crime rate of parolees that have been released. The paper first describes the guidelines established that regulated the number and location of new liquor licenses issued after a study was released that indicated that crime rates were linked to establishments selling alcohol. The paper then relates that the Santa Ana department has also sought to work more closely with other governmental agencies outside the city and has enacted programs and used resources to treat 'at-risk' youth and rising vehicle theft. The paper shows how the parole system's interconnection with the community offers security to the parolee and provides more resources to help them stay away from crime and become a part of the community.
From the Paper "There are many factors that go into being a good parole officer. Not the least of which is patience. Officers must be highly educated, well connected to links in the community, very well organized, compassionate and yet authoritarian (1). The job we as a society has asked of the men and women of the Santa Ana Parole Office is nothing short of a miracle. Most of the time parole officers are over worked and under funded and yet we as a society demand that they watch over thousands of parolees to insure our safety. Japan takes a very different societal view of this process than we do. They have a huge volunteer force that helps those released from prison stay connected with their community.(3) They have a ratio of almost 2:1 parolee to officer but their officers are normal members of the community that volunteer their time to help."
Tags: crime, alcohol, licenses, programs, community
Abstract This paper presents a biographical history of Ana Mendieta, who was born in Havana, Cuba in 1948. The paper describes how Mendieta came to the United States as part of Operation Peter Pan. The paper contends that Mendieta has been considered a performance artist, a land/earth artist, and even a body artist. The paper describes her Silueta series. In creating the Silueta series, she is performing using the land and her body. Unlike the other land artists of her time, she did not aggressively shape or change the land; she just simply united with what was there.
From the Paper "Freud has said that there are two sensations of home, one that signifies home but more over belonging, familiarity, intimacy and an overall sense of comfort. The other is of privacy or of something that is kept from sight. Mendeita's removal from her country had a colossal impact on her work as an artist. She had a deep sense of loss for her home and her culture and this is shown clearly in the Silueta (silhouette) series. In order to maintain a sense of home in the cornfields of the Midwest, Ana immersed herself in her native culture to make an identity for herself, to keep a sense of home and to regain what she lost."
Abstract In this article, the writer studies the book 'Massacre of the Dreamers' by the novelist, poet, and Chicana activist, AnaCastillo. The writer notes that Castillo offers an explicitly nationally and ethnically based form of feminism for Latina women that the author calls Xicanisma. The writer discusses that over the course of Castillo's historiography of the Chicana and feminist movements, Castillo combines personal as well as historical testimony to create a political and spiritual manifesto for Latina women today. Further the writer shows that Castillo condemns both the racism and negative assumptions that have limited Latina women from assuming power within their culture, even while she pays tribute to the considerable successes and accomplishments of Latinas in various Mexican activist movements.
From the Paper "Castillo is equally unsparing when condemning the misogyny of Mexican culture, even in its most radical forms, such as the American Chicano Movement. Beyond the ideologies of Catholicism and Communism that have denied the gender imbalance within the Mexican community and society, Castillo believes Chicana women must band together to articulate and find ways of healing and addressing their unique difficulties as a community. Only then will the feminine principle as well as machismo endemic to contemporary Mexican life once again find its space within Latino culture and spirituality."
"Castillo, however, does not deny the common assertion of the American women's movement that the personal is political. She states she had to look within herself to get beyond the dichotomies of masculine and feminine that hampered her ability to see herself fully as an activist, sexual being, and a spiritual female being."
Abstract In this article, the writer studies the story 'So Far From God' by AnaCastillo. The writer notes that in "So Far From God", Castillo sets her work in Chicana country, and creates a mystical work of fiction that draws the reader into the story, making it nearly impossible to set down. The writer looks at the various characters in the book and then discusses the different themes of the story. Further the writer notes that the style of writing is somewhat disjointed and strange, almost like Castillo is just telling a story aloud to a friend instead of creating a novel. The writer concludes that the endurance of the human spirit and the female spirit, is what Castillo is trying to show to the readers of this particular book.
From the Paper "The themes that are presented in the book must be discussed in some detail, because they are very important and significant. Each theme of the book revolves around one of the five female characters. Sofia, the mother, embodies the great wisdom that is seen in some individuals. She goes through so much, but she manages to retain her sanity and her sense of humor, both of which she feels are very important. The wisdom theme appears to be at the core of what Castillo is trying to show. There are, however, other themes and ideas that are embodied by the four daughters."
"Esperanza, who is the most liberated of all of the sisters, spends her college years involved with the Chicano movement and tries to better many people's lives. Despite how helpful and kind she is, she is killed covering the Gulf Crisis as a reporter for a television station. Her death is largely meaningless, and it leaves the reader without any kind of way to find redemption in the death of this character."
Abstract In the novel, "Peel My Love Like an Onion" by AnaCastillo, the author addresses a number of issues related to immigration and the position of minorities in American life. In addition, she addresses issues of loss and separation from both people and other aspects of life. The paper shows that the love referred to in the title is both the love the protagonist has had for the two men in her life and also the love she once had for her chosen profession of Flamenco dancer, a love lost because of her polio and its crippling effects. The paper shows how she, in fact, becomes separated from everything she values in life, suggesting much about those in society who are cast aside for any reason and who then live desperate lives simply trying to survive.
From the Paper "There is a great difference between the working conditions Carmen experiences as a dancer and those she encounters in a series of smaller jobs she has to take later in order to survive, but there are similarities a well. There is a metaphor of servitude that runs through the novel, whether it be servitude to a demanding teacher like Agustin or to the system itself as she tries to survive in low-paid jobs in a society that places little value on people from Mexico, little value on women, and little value on those who have to do these low-paid and dead-end jobs that society may need but never really values."
Abstract From the very first pages of "So Far From God" author AnaCastillo creates a place in which the female characters can choose to triumph over the men who try to hold them back. This paper also clearly details the plot and main characters in the novel as well as the author's unique use of imagery and spirituality.
From the Paper "Esperanza also gives herself up to the patriarchy in some ways, but she ultimately prevails over it as she wanders the earth, finally becoming the messenger that she wanted to be. After receiving her Master's degree in communications and landing a job at the local television station, Esperanza passes up a promotion to a larger market to rekindle a relationship with her ex. When that doesn't work out, she goes to an even better market, Washington D.C., where her dangerous assignment in the Middle East leads to her torture and murder. But it isn't Esperanza's fate to just be dead. She returns to the family as a spirit force, offering hope and comfort to her mother as she had once done for her."
Abstract This paper examines how AnaCastillo adopts folkloric and fantastical tone in her novel "So Far From God" and makes the reader feel as if he or she is part of the community life of the novel. It discusses how the novel is told in the voice of a third-person narrator who does not directly participate in the actions and how the narrator tells the reader, like a neighborhood gossip, what will transpire over the course of the chapter, as in a folktale rather than a novel.
From the Paper "The fact that many of the characters have allegorical names, like the main protagonist's Sofi's daughters, Charity, Hope, and Faith (Caridad, Esperanza, and Fe) intensifies this sense that this is a tale of unconventional structure, like a fable with no moral, rather than a conventional novel focused on the development and evolution of a single character. Just like characters listen to tales told by wise, old women of the community like the centenarian Felicia, the reader listens to the narrator, uncertain of whether to trust her moral judgment, even when assured that the facts of the events are true. "
Abstract In both the published diary of Ana's Nin, "The Diary of Ana's Nin", and Sylvia Nasar's "A Beautiful Mind", the topic is, directly or indirectly, the gift of genius and the burdens it can impose on those who posess it. The paper shows that Ana's Nin's diary cannot be seen to be truly 'about' anything more than the day-to-day events of her life and her musings. Nevertheless, knowing the literary genius of Ana's Nin today, we can read her diary as the journal of a genius in development and try to learn about genius through her observations. The paper discusses
"A Beautiful Mind" which, in contrast, was written intentionally as a study of a genius and, as such, provides us with a different kind of insight into the nature of genius - in this case, mathematical wonder, John Nash.
From the Paper "What also serves to distinguish the two books is that, where Nin had final editorial control and could present herself in any light she saw fit, Nasar was free to describe Nash in any way she felt the facts could support. What is notable is that despite Nin's control, she often chose, for the sake of effect or impartiality, to portray herself in an unfavorable light. Nasar, in contrast, clearly put considerable effort into trying to redeem or gloss over the many unpleasant facets of someone who is clearly a thoroughly unpleasant man. Even after coming through his battle with schizophrenia to win the Nobel prize, Nash demonstrates bitterness over not winning a minor math prize in his youth, and he demonstrates this bitterness in his Nobel autobiography!"
Abstract This paper explores two perceptions of the early exploration of Mexico by the texts of two noted explorers, Hernan Cortes and Bernal Diaz del Castillo. In particular, two works are noted as being representative of the texts of that era, being Cortes' "Letters from Mexico" and del Castillo's "The True History of the Conquering of New Spain". This paper focuses primarily on these two sources, although other sources are used.
Abstract This paper discusses and reviews Bernal Diaz del Castillo's book, "The Conquest of New Spain." The paper analyzes the content of the book and the biases that Diaz del Castillo appears to present in his accounting of events in the book. The paper suggests that "The Conquest of New Spain" raises many troubling ethical questions for a critical reader, reading with a post-colonial, post-modern mindset.
From the Paper "Immediately upon reading the title of Bernal Diaz del Castillo's The Conquest of New Spain a critical reader bridles at the title, and expects an imperialistic history. After all, to our postmodern, politically correct ears, Mexico is not 'new Spain,' but an independent nation. When one hears that Diaz del Castillo's account is a 16th century memoir of one of the soldiers who accompanied the conqueror and, in today's view, the modern imperialist, Cortes to the New World of Central America, the reader grows even more suspicious. However, although the author's biases must be acknowledged, this is still an important account of a grounds-eye view of Cortes and his invasion of Central America. It was written after the destruction the Aztec Empire, and according to the author it was designed to deflate rather than inflate the mythology that had grown up around Cortes' invasion."
