This paper discusses the Supreme Court case, "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" (1992), which upheld the rights of women to have an abortion as guaranteed by "Roe vs. Wade".
Abstract This paper explains the events leading to "Planned Parenthood vs. Casey": the State of Pennsylvania amended its Abortion Control Act to require women seeking abortion to 1) give "informed consent" and the doctors to provide information about the health risks of having the abortion prior to the abortion; 2) a "spousal notification"; 3) "parental notification" from parents of minors; and 4) a 24-hour waiting period before obtaining an abortion. The author points out that "Roe vs. Wade." one of the most controversial rulings in the history of U.S. Supreme Court, which generated heated criticism from anti-abortion groups and gave rise to a pro-life movement, predated "Planned Parenthood vs. Casey". The paper concludes that "Casey" is still relevant because the present U.S. administration is clearly in favor of making abortion illegal, the Congress is dominated by Republicans, and there is a possibility of replacement of more than one Justice on the Court during the second Bush term, who most likely will be anti-abortion.
Table of Contents
Background of the Casey Supreme Court
William Rehnquist
Harry Blackmun
Sandra O'Connor
Anthony Kennedy
John Stevens
Antonin Scalia
Byron White
David Souter
Clarence Thomas
Important Pre-Casey Cases
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Doe v. Bolton (1973)
Harris v. MCrae
Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Historical, Social and Legal Background of Casey Arguments from both Sides
Essentials of the Plurality Decision
Contemporary Reaction to the Case
Legal Reaction to the Case
Historical Impact
Current Relevance
From the Paper "Several states enacted laws limiting the right of abortion, including laws requiring parental and spousal consent, restricting abortions in clinics, and laws barring state funding for abortions. The Hyde Amendment was passed by the US Congress banning state funds for abortions. In a long series of cases from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s, the Supreme Court consistently struck down several state restrictions on abortions, but upheld restrictions on funding."
Abstract This paper studies the life of Sean Penn, actor and later director. It first briefly describes his father's acting career and how it was cut short because of his "communist" activities in the 1960's and how he was black-listed. It continues to compare Sean Penn to his father, focusing on Penn's bad-boy image which is highlighted by his marriage to pop-star Madonna and a one-month jail stint for assault. It mentions many of the movies that Penn starred in or directed and shows how through all of these he continued to make political and controversial statements.
From the Paper "It could be said that celebrity activism is a family affair for Sean Penn, celebrated Hollywood actor and director. Before Sean was even born his father, Leo Penn, who was an actor on Broadway and in films in the late 40s, used his celebrity to make social statements. Leo was blacklisted for a decade in the 1950s for refusing to give names to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) of those in the Hollywood community with communist ties.
Supposedly one of Sean's earlier memories is of his father taking him to the set of The Last Tycoon near to the family home. There the director, Elia Kazan, someone who had named names at the hearings, tried to say hello. But Leo, normally warm and friendly, walked straight past, a point of integrity his son could not fail to notice. Unlike many of the blacklisted actors of the time, Leo's entertainment career survived his political stance and he went on to make a name for himself behind the camera, in television rather than feature films. During his career, he directed than 400 hours of prime-time television programming, including episodes of Bonanza, Ben Casey, Starsky & Hutch, Magnum P.I., Columbo, Kojak, and St. Elsewhere. "
Abstract This paper looks at how, in 1968, a group of professional golfers established the PGA Tour, Inc., a nonprofit association, which sponsors events for professional golfers. It examines the lawsuit against the organization in January of 1998 under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, which was bought against them by golfer Casey Martin, who is disabled with Klippel-Trenaunay-Webber syndrome (KTW), a rare congenital, degenerative circulatory disorder and whose request for a waiver to use a golf cart, usually against PGA Tour rules. was denied.
Outline
Introduction
Cases
Opinions on the Outcome
Conclusion
From the Paper "After the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the decision of the District Court of Oregon the petitioner, PGA Tour, Inc., filed for certiorari, because the day after the Ninth Circuit Court Of Appeals decision the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals ruled opposite on a similar case, Olinger v. United States Golf Assn. (2000)(Davis, 2002). The United States Supreme Court accepted the case, because of the conflicting decision between the two Circuit Courts. Again the case brought forth to the Supreme Court would be if Title III of the ADA (1990) would apply to the petitioner and if allowing the plaintiff to use a golf cart would "fundamentally alter the nature" of the game."
Abstract This paper examines the literary work of Irish author Sean O"Faolain and his use of the relationship between society and individual as subject matter. The paper provides a biography of Faolain's life, detailing his outspoken and active fight against the repressive censorship laws of this country. The author writes that O"Faolain shows how his characters overcome their realities through inventive ideas.
From the Paper "O'Faolain's Foreign Affairs, a collection of short stories, shows how the Irish, caught in a limited and culturally conservative environment, search for imaginative escape routes to a more fulfilling lifestyle. The characters in O?Foalain's book do not literally travel but instead, use their imaginative and daring sides to free themselves and think outside of the box."
Abstract A look at the writings of William Butler Yeats and Sean O?Casey, contemporaries of the Easter Rising leaders in Ireland and literary figures. The author analyzes the two writers perspectives of the event.
From the Paper ?After the rising, nothing in Ireland was ever the same. Easter week became the central point of modern Irish history, and events were dated according to whether they had happened before or after that event,? says Michael Costigan in A History of Modern Ireland (Costigan 333). Two of Ireland's most significant literary figures, William Butler Yeats and Sean O?Casey who were both contemporaries of the Easter Rising's leaders, treat the subject differently in their writings both before and after the event, but there is no doubt they were both powerfully affected by it."
Tags: uprising, war, religion, tradition, culture, history, leaders, society
Abstract This paper presents a discussion and explanation about the parts three men played in the evolvement of British theater. The author of this paper takes on a tour of the lives and works of George Bernard Shaw, Sean O'Casey and John Millington. As the reader unveils these lives and works it become self evident in what influence and how each man influenced the British theater.
Abstract This paper discusses how the line between nationalistic and anti-nationalistic themes is often blurred in J.M. Synge's "Playboy of the Western World" and Sean O'Casey's "Juno and the Paycock" and how both plays propose a very different approach to the Irish nationalist cause. The paper also looks at how both plays were written at a time when Irish people were evaluating themselves and how they were questioning their faith, loyalty and their ability to win their revolution and, in the case of "Juno", if they actually won. The paper also examines how this struggle and the consistent deliberation of ideas, which are accurately embraced, in the sometimes-skewed nationalistic messages are found in both pieces.
From the Paper "It is necessary to understand that at the times both plays were set in, there was extreme violence throughout Ireland. Playboy was set during the Land War, a time when troops both British and Irish were everywhere. In Juno, there is still much violence in Dublin, whether from the IRA or from the English, it didn't matter. Ireland was beginning to deal with its questionable independence and wounds from the urban war were just starting to heal however, at the cost of great poverty and lack of employment. Both plays demonstrate a sense of sympathy for this reconstructing Ireland. "
Abstract This paper explore the role of the tragic hero in drama especially in the case of the heroism of two mothers. The paper describes the stories of Henrik Ibsen's play "Ghosts" and its tragic hero Helene Alving and of Sean O'Casey's drama "Juno and the Paycock and its tragic hero Juno Boyle". Juno and Mrs. Alving, the paper indicates, are important examples of tragic motherhood because they represent the realization of the roles of wives and mothers from opposite ends of the spectrum.
From the Paper "Instead, as Joan Templeton argues, Ibsen lays responsibility for Oswald's death at Mrs. Alving's feet. Her husband had no outlet for his "excess of vitality", and she admits herself that she "didn't bring any sunshine into his home." (Of course, Mrs. Alving is referring to her husband's sex drive and her refusal to submit to his sexual desire.) This is not necessarily to say that wives have a "duty" to become intimate with their husbands; however, Templeton notes that this claim is "the time-worn principle of the 'marriage debt' masquerading as sexual liberalism."
A discussion of how playwrights criticize society by having characters who represent some social class or ideological position through an analysis of various literary works all linked by a protagonist called Nora.
Abstract This paper discusses how dramatists often criticize society through the characters and situations they depict on stage. In particular it looks at the way these characters are shaped by the society in which they live and how they behave because of the conflict that develops between their psychology and their personality as well as the demands of society. It evaluates how the same is true of novelists and fiction writers and how the process can be seen by reference to several women coincidentally named Nora, in three in plays by J.M. Synge, George Bernard Shaw and Sean O'Casey and a real-life Nora who served as model for the character of Gretta Conroy in James Joyce's "The Dead." It also analyzes how they can all be compared to the prototypical middle-class woman emerging from her cocoon, Nora in "A Doll's House" by Henrik Ibsen.
From the Paper "Sean O'Casey wanted to be a voice for a new Ireland, but after The Plough and the Stars was rejected by the very audience for which it was written because of its unsympathetic portrayal of those involved in the Easter Rebellion, O'Casey left Ireland for Britain. Interestingly, the play has become one of those most performed in Ireland since that time. The 1916 rebellion is the background for the play, and it was a period of disturbance in Irish history. The play begins in 1915 and prepares for the tragedy to come in 1916. Nora and Clitheroe are introduced by Fluther Good and Mrs. Gogan. This Nora has not been married long, and she and her husband are beginning to quarrel. She is unhappy living in a tenement house and would also like to dress in better clothing than Jack can afford."
Analyzes the themes of four plays "Absence of War" (David Hare), "Indian Ink" (Tom Stoppard), "The Caretaker" (Harold Pinter) and "Shadow of a Gunman" (Sean O'Cassey).
2,074 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 4 sources, 2002, $ 65.95
Abstract This paper examines four plays from around the globe and analyzes their central themes. The paper shows how David Hare's "Absence of War" introduces audiences to the British political system and the total lack of personality in its leaders. In "Indian Ink", by Tom Stoppard, the paper discusses the play's emphasis on the colonial era in India and power relations in the world. The paper looks at the psychological state of the characters in Harold Pinter's "The Caretaker" and the way their attire contributes to this state. Finally, the paper shows how Sean O'Casey, in his play "Shadow of a Gunman", shapes his material the distinction between illusion and reality.
From the Paper "The play involves an ongoing series of interactions among these three. Davies and Aston conflict almost from the moment they arrive in this room, for they are very unlike and react differently to everything that happens. Mick, on the other hand, serves the role of goad, seeming to come from nowhere and to place demands. In the First Act, Mick is only seen twice, both times in his leather jacket, signaling a certain fascist mentality in his dress. His behavior confirms this as he enters silently, twists Davies's arm, and searches through Davies clothing, all as if he had the right to do so and should never be questioned."
Tags: George, Jones, Whitehall, Cenotaph, Flora, Crewes, Nirad, Das
Abstract This paper presents a brief biographical synopsis of the author, Sean O'Faolain, illustrating his life in an Ireland that was mired deeply and seemingly inextricably in the Irish Protestant-Catholic struggle. The paper discusses "Fugue", a short story by Sean O'Faolain, and explains how O'Faolain's life experiences are clearly depicted throughout the story. The writer claims that the short story mirrors the Irish idealism and political struggles that surrounded O'Faolain his entire life.
From the Paper "Sean O'Faolain lived through most of the major events that marked the tumultuous history of the 20th century. He lived through the Great Depression of the 1930?s, as well as WWI and WWII, America's Vietnam War, and the beginnings of the war in the Persian Gulf in 1991. O'Faolain saw the world change dramatically in his lifetime, and witnessed events such as the birth of the automobile, the space program, the widespread use of the telephone, and the development of the Internet. O'Faolain was born into an Ireland that was mired deeply and seemingly inextricably mired in the Irish Protestant-Catholic struggle. The Irish Republican Army became a strong force in Ireland of the 1900's and many young Irish men, including O'Faolain were caught up in this struggle. The Easter Rising of 1916 marked O'Faolain's youth, and the civil war of the 1920's in Ireland marked his young adulthood. By the time of O'Faolain's death in 1991, tensions in Ireland continued."
Abstract This paper discusses the recurring theme, in poetry, music and film, of isolation, loneliness and of being marginalized by society because a person is different. The paper discusses the song-poem "Vincent" by Don McLean, which looks at a portrait of Vincent Van Gogh. It then discusses the song, "Cry" by Casey Scott, which shows another form of marginalization of someone who is suffering from depression. Finally, the paper looks at the series "Six Feet Under" by Alan Ball and discusses the character of Billy, who is schizophrenic.
From the Paper "While almost all the regular characters on the show are on the fringes of societal norms and it is well known that this series highlights dysfunctional people and families. I think Billy is the saddest. He is diagnosed as schizophrenic and he is also a photo artist. Poor Billy lives the dreaded life of the life long mental patient. (Remember that this illness also has chemical and physical causes.) Billy on medication is likable and productive. He teaches photography and earns a good living. However, he has no edge to make his own photo essays unique. He is creatively dead. Billy off medication is sometimes wildly wonderful or violently insane and dangerous to himself and others. Billy constantly struggles with his desire to feel strong passion, which he cannot do while medicated. However, when he goes off medication, his life becomes a ruin."
This study will provide a general summary of Sean Freyne's "Galilee, Jesus and The Gospels": Major ideas, strengths and weaknesses, focusing on the importance of Jesus' Galilean roots.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, 1991, $ 47.95
From the Paper "This study will provide a general summary of Sean Freyne's "Galilee, Jesus and The Gospels" : Literary Approaches and Historical Investigations, and will then summarize the book's strongest and weakest points and arguments.
The most important idea presented by Freyne is that studies of Jesus prior to his work have failed to consider the importance of the fact that he was a Galilean: "It is against the background of this neglect of Galilee by both historians and theologians in their discussion of Jesus that the present study attempts to integrate questions of social identity and theological reflection. We shall be attempting (to describe) . . . the social and religious world of first-century Galilee, as well as Jesus' role in that setting, and investigating how much a picture coheres with his identity as this emerges . . . "
Abstract This paper focuses on the message imparted by its author, Sean Covey to all the teenagers of the world. This paper concentrates on the seven habits pointed out by the author in his book and tries to throw some light on the matter. This paper also explains the author's message according to the reader's perception and explains how the book can prove to be effective in the life of the reader.
From the Paper "If a teenager has pessimistic thinking and is in an inferiority complex then there is not much that he/she can obtain out of life. But again if this habit is replaced by an optimistic thinking and a positive attitude, it can make a lot of difference in a sense that it raises self-esteem and brings about a lot of self-confidence in a person. What the author is trying to convey is that all bad habits can be exchanged for better ones only if one desires for it and puts in some effort and will power. An influential writer such as Samuel Smiles once said, "Sow a thought and you reap an act, Sow an act, and you reap a habit, Sow a habit, and you reap a character, Sow a character, and you reap a destiny" (Get In The Habit, http://www.focusas.com/GetInTheHabit.html)."
Abstract This paper is a critique and reaction statement to the non-fiction book "The Kingdom of Matthias: A Story of Sex and Salvation in 19th-Century America", by Paul E. Johnson and Sean Wilentz. This book focuses on the events in 1834-1836, where a man calling himself "Matthias the Prophet" began an underground religious cult in New York City that focused on sex and the deprecation of women.
