Abstract
The paper explores the way in which cartoons can impact the psychological and sociological development of children and adolescents. The paper focuses on the link between cartoons, television and criminal tendencies, with a look at cartoons that satirize and depict racial stereotypes. The paper also considers the way that cartoons have changed over time, particularly with regard to their depiction of violence, and how this has affected criminal attitudes and mindsets.

Outline:
Introduction
Cartoons, Violence and Crime
Cartoons, Racial Hatred, Prejudice and Crime
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is a telling and significant fact that the amount of time that adolescents and juveniles spend watching television in developed countries like the United States has shown a radical increase in recent years. It therefore logically follows the United States is a country that watches the most cartoons in the world. Statistics indicate that the average American watches more than four hours of television each day and that children between the ages of two and seventeen watch more than three hours of television per day (Bennett, 1999, p. 22). This can also be tentatively correlated with statistics that show that crime rates have increased dramatically in the young and adolescent demographic in the United States. For example, about 19 percent of all person arrested in the country are under the age of fifteen; between 1998 and 1997 the arrests for juvenile violent crime increased by almost fifty percent (Bennett, 1999, p. 22). This would seem to suggest a link between television cartoons and tendencies towards crime among the younger demographic.
"As many child psychologists and sociologists have pointed out, while cartoons aimed at children are ostensibly meant to be fiction and fantasy, very often the young child cannot discriminate between reality and fiction; "...although the violence is not real, a child does not know the difference" (Cartoon Violence). This is an important point and one which many experts assert is the foundation for the later expression of violent and critical activities that transgress legal and moral societal norms."

Tags:violence, delinquency, digital, animation, stereotypes, prejudice

Abstract
This paper explores the influence of postmodernism on religion by exploring the portrayal of Judeo-Christian religious beliefs within television cartoons. This is done not only to explore how the perception of religion has changed through the postmodernist lens but also demonstrates how the cartoons themselves have transformed from a form of childhood entertainment to one in which adult issues that are both serious and profound are explored.

From the Paper
"The influences of postmodernism within society are both diverse in nature and heavily distributed in content (Hull 57). Improvement in the ease of communications and the time taken to invest in same has led to a society in which its participants are highly decentralized, especially in respect to shared cultural commonalities such as ethnic, geographic, or religious traits. Also, while these traits still exist and persist, they are represented in non-traditional formats that demonstrate their influence on ..."

Tags:Simpsons, Family, Guy, animation

Abstract
The paper shows that despite the advances of women in society, there has been virtually no change in the presentation of female characters in cartoons. Poor portrayal of females in cartoons continues to this day and it is having a harmful effect on children, instilling stereotypes that can last a lifetime. The paper examines and analyzes several studies done on the subject to show that the media is doing a disservice to women and minority groups by portraying them the way they do. Finally, the paper argues that the networks have a social responsibility to readdress the issue.

From the Paper
"Another study published in 1990 in Sociology and Social Research by Linda Mooney and Sarah Brabant looked at the portrayal of boys and girls in six nationally syndicated comic strips. The purpose of this study was to look at how boys and girls were portrayed, the activities that they partook in and their interactions with their parents. The study used three examples of cartoons that featured dual-parent traditional families (father-breadwinner, mother-homemaker), and three settings in which a single mother worked. The cartoons were collected over a six month period in 1984 and were analyzed. The results of the study showed that children in single-mother homes were portrayed much differently than children in a traditional home. According to the study, sons appeared more frequently in single-woman strips, sons overall appeared outside the home more often then daughters did. Children in dual-income homes or traditional homes were pictured inside more often."

Tags:Simpsons, sex, Disney, stereotype, gender

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the culture surrounding political cartoons.
There are two basic components to a political cartoon: caricature and allusion. This paper also discusses the work of Tom Nast, one of the well known caricaturists during the American Civil War, focusing primarily on Abraham Lincoln.

From the Paper
"Abraham Lincoln became the 16th President of the United States from the year 1861 until the end of his term 1865. Before Lincoln became a president, he quitted in politics but then he re-appeared when he strongly disagreed with the policy of slavery headed by Stephen A. Douglas, this policy was known as the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Soon, because of his sentiments he joined the Republican Party. When Douglas run for senatorial candidate, the Republican Party voted for Abraham Lincoln as the opponent of Douglas. During that election, Lincoln challenged Douglas for a debate regarding slavery, which he has strongly against it because he believed in democracy and human rights. In no time, Lincoln gained the support of the majority because of his influential speech in New York City. And in no time, he became the President of the United States. "

Tags:Lincoln, debate, president, campaigns, comic, representation

Abstract
Max Hare and Toby Tortoise are just part of the early Disney cartoon cast, but, in the opinion of the paper's author, they are enduring because they possess universal appeal based on a number of positive factors. In the paper, the author examines and discusses these factors. The author attempts to show that a clear and succinct moral message is given by the cartoon which is echoed in many other Disney works. The writer also contends that the absence of violence in the cartoon is another feature that gives the film lasting value. The author of the paper also compares the cartoon's artwork, animation and music to modern cartoons in order to further demonstrate the long lasting, universal appeal of the film.

From the Paper
"For example, Toby falls for Max's well-known "psyche" gag where he is offered Max's hand to shake only to have him pull it back in a "thumbs-up" fashion not once but twice before the race even starts, and Max makes it clear from the outset who is going to win this race. The clearly established personalities of Toby Tortoise and Max Hare also contribute to this sense of who is going to win, but also help create a sense of an "under-tortoise" who deserves to win because he has the pluck even though the rabbit has the speed among viewers. These straightforward images of the bully and the bullied, the fast and the slow, the quick and the dull, are accompanied by a rich musical score (recorded by RCA Victor "High Fidelity" Sound System) and background scenery ("in Technicolor") throughout. According to Jacobs, the color in Disney's Silly Symphonies is seldom static: "As the characters fly, dance, run, or evolve into other shapes, the color too is animated, becoming sinister, gay, sanguine, or merely decorative, but always taking on a new hue with each of the emotional developments and moving with the images and sound.""

Tags:academy award, animation musical, silly symphonies, studios character pluto goofy, donald duck, fable moral

Abstract
This paper explains that, in the recent Muhammad cartoon controversy in Denmark, Cultural Editor Fleming Rose and the Danish newspaper "Jyllands-Posten" sacrificed what Muslims consider their freedom of religion to preserve Denmark's press freedom and the Danish people's freedom of speech. The author points out that, by examining the timeline of the controversy including the backlash to the cartoons, the views of Muslims around the world, Denmark and its values and Fleming Rose's explanation and apologies, this cartoon was not a malicious anti-Muslim act but rather one journalist's attempt to draw attention to a dangerous change in Denmark's freedoms and rights. The paper contends that the North American press coverage of the story fueled the situation by not including the back stories of both the Muslims in Denmark and the strong Danish tradition of freedom of speech.

From the Paper
"On September 30th, 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 editorial cartoons depicting Mohammed along with an editorial by Fleming Rose. Muslims in Denmark and around the world were outraged, and reacted by filing a complaint against the newspaper with Danish police on October 27th. By January 6th of the following year, the investigation was discontinued as no law had been broken. Danish Imams put together a dossier containing the 12 cartoons published by Jyllands-Posten, along with pictures from another Danish Newspaper, Weekendavisen, hate-mail consisting of pictures and letters they alleged were sent to Muslims in Denmark, and a televised interview with a prominent Dutch Member of Parliament and Islam critic, Hirsi Ali."

Tags:heritage, marginalize, freedom, backlash, apologies

Abstract
Discusses the classification of the industry, cartoon animation as a sub-component of motion picture and video production, and examines comparative revenue data for the animated children's cartoon entertainment market. Annual revenues are included.

From the Paper
"This research develops information relevant to revenue generation in the animated cartoon entertainment market. Within this market area, the focus is on the child audience..."

Abstract
This paper examines the popularity of feature length cartoons, the revenues they generate and the additional profits studios are able to generate from licensing and other after release activities.

From the Paper
"According to an essay published on the Wikipedia website, "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" is the best known and most profitable animated feature in the Disney animated features library. Although it was not the first full-length animated feature to be produced, it was the first animated feature to become widely successful in the English-speaking world and the first to be filmed in Technicolor. "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" was first re-released in ... in order to raise revenue for the Disney studio during World..."

Tags:Profitable film, film revenues, cartoons, feature length, CGI, computer graphics

Abstract
The paper explores the influence of postmodernism on religion by exploring the Judeo-Christian religious beliefs present in television cartoons. The paper discusses how the perception of religion has changed through the postmodernist lens and also demonstrates how the cartoons themselves have been transformed from a form of childhood entertainment to one where serious adult issues are explored. The paper examines the cartoons "Veggie Tales", "The Simpsons" and "South Park".

Outline:
Introduction
Religion and Child-Targeted Cartoons
Religion and Adult-Targeted Cartoons
Remarks on Crossed Worlds
Summary

From the Paper
"The influences of postmodernism within society are both diverse in nature and heavily distributed in content (Hull 57). Improvement in the ease of communications and the time taken to invest in same has led to a society in which its participants are highly decentralized, especially in respect to shared cultural commonalities such as ethnic, geographic, or religious traits. Also, while these traits still exist and persist, they are represented in non-traditional formats that demonstrate their influence on the community but are not authentic representations of the original traits themselves."

Tags:Veggie Tales, The Simpsons, South Park, adults, children

Abstract
This paper discusses the marketing of Japanese anime to the United States. It looks at the success of Japanese anime in countries such as the United States and discusses whether this is indicative of the emergence of a global youth culture. The paper then discusses the social and technological forces that are making it possible for Japanese anime to transcend national borders. Finally, the paper discusses the development of the new series of "Astro Boy" cartoons and how they differ from the way Japanese anime has traditionally been developed.

Table of Contents:
The Success of Japanese Anime in Western Countries
Social and Technological Forces Making it Possible for Japanese Anime to Transcend National Borders
How does the New Series of Astro Boy Cartoons Differ from the Way Japanese Anime has Traditionally been Developed?
Will Astro Boy be Successful

From the Paper
"However, having said this, the answer to this question is that in the short term at least, the production of Astro Boy is sure to be a success due to the advertising and marketing forces that are promoting the character. What is of concern however is the extent to which the impetus of this popularity can be maintained. The advertising and marketing companies have to ensure that the mystique and the aura of the anime medium do not become too diluted by the commercial aspects."

Tags:commercial, globalization, youth