Abstract
Max Hare and Toby Tortoise are just part of the early Disney cartoon cast, but, in the opinion of the paper's author, they are enduring because they possess universal appeal based on a number of positive factors. In the paper, the author examines and discusses these factors. The author attempts to show that a clear and succinct moral message is given by the cartoon which is echoed in many other Disney works. The writer also contends that the absence of violence in the cartoon is another feature that gives the film lasting value. The author of the paper also compares the cartoon's artwork, animation and music to modern cartoons in order to further demonstrate the long lasting, universal appeal of the film.

From the Paper
"For example, Toby falls for Max's well-known "psyche" gag where he is offered Max's hand to shake only to have him pull it back in a "thumbs-up" fashion not once but twice before the race even starts, and Max makes it clear from the outset who is going to win this race. The clearly established personalities of Toby Tortoise and Max Hare also contribute to this sense of who is going to win, but also help create a sense of an "under-tortoise" who deserves to win because he has the pluck even though the rabbit has the speed among viewers. These straightforward images of the bully and the bullied, the fast and the slow, the quick and the dull, are accompanied by a rich musical score (recorded by RCA Victor "High Fidelity" Sound System) and background scenery ("in Technicolor") throughout. According to Jacobs, the color in Disney's Silly Symphonies is seldom static: "As the characters fly, dance, run, or evolve into other shapes, the color too is animated, becoming sinister, gay, sanguine, or merely decorative, but always taking on a new hue with each of the emotional developments and moving with the images and sound.""

Tags:academy award, animation musical, silly symphonies, studios character pluto goofy, donald duck, fable moral

Abstract
This paper explains that, in the recent Muhammad cartoon controversy in Denmark, Cultural Editor Fleming Rose and the Danish newspaper "Jyllands-Posten" sacrificed what Muslims consider their freedom of religion to preserve Denmark's press freedom and the Danish people's freedom of speech. The author points out that, by examining the timeline of the controversy including the backlash to the cartoons, the views of Muslims around the world, Denmark and its values and Fleming Rose's explanation and apologies, this cartoon was not a malicious anti-Muslim act but rather one journalist's attempt to draw attention to a dangerous change in Denmark's freedoms and rights. The paper contends that the North American press coverage of the story fueled the situation by not including the back stories of both the Muslims in Denmark and the strong Danish tradition of freedom of speech.

From the Paper
"On September 30th, 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 editorial cartoons depicting Mohammed along with an editorial by Fleming Rose. Muslims in Denmark and around the world were outraged, and reacted by filing a complaint against the newspaper with Danish police on October 27th. By January 6th of the following year, the investigation was discontinued as no law had been broken. Danish Imams put together a dossier containing the 12 cartoons published by Jyllands-Posten, along with pictures from another Danish Newspaper, Weekendavisen, hate-mail consisting of pictures and letters they alleged were sent to Muslims in Denmark, and a televised interview with a prominent Dutch Member of Parliament and Islam critic, Hirsi Ali."

Tags:heritage, marginalize, freedom, backlash, apologies

Abstract
Discusses the classification of the industry, cartoon animation as a sub-component of motion picture and video production, and examines comparative revenue data for the animated children's cartoon entertainment market. Annual revenues are included.

From the Paper
"This research develops information relevant to revenue generation in the animated cartoon entertainment market. Within this market area, the focus is on the child audience..."

From the Paper
"Cartoon violence is a topic of great concern among parents and child-care experts. Concern has also been expressed regarding the war-toy advertisements which are shown during televised cartoon programs. It is feared that such violence will have a detrimental impact on the attitudes and behaviors of young children. In terms of attitude, repeated viewing of cartoons and war-toy ads may have the impact of desensitizing children to violence. In terms of behavior, there is evidence that the viewing of televised violence causes children to imitate the actions that they see on the screen. ... of the University of Illinois, for example, is convinced that "children's exposure to violence on television has long-lasting effects on their behavior". The threat of cartoon and war-toy violence has caused many advocate groups in ... "

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the culture surrounding political cartoons.
There are two basic components to a political cartoon: caricature and allusion. This paper also discusses the work of Tom Nast, one of the well known caricaturists during the American Civil War, focusing primarily on Abraham Lincoln.

From the Paper
"Abraham Lincoln became the 16th President of the United States from the year 1861 until the end of his term 1865. Before Lincoln became a president, he quitted in politics but then he re-appeared when he strongly disagreed with the policy of slavery headed by Stephen A. Douglas, this policy was known as the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Soon, because of his sentiments he joined the Republican Party. When Douglas run for senatorial candidate, the Republican Party voted for Abraham Lincoln as the opponent of Douglas. During that election, Lincoln challenged Douglas for a debate regarding slavery, which he has strongly against it because he believed in democracy and human rights. In no time, Lincoln gained the support of the majority because of his influential speech in New York City. And in no time, he became the President of the United States. "

Tags:Lincoln, debate, president, campaigns, comic, representation

Abstract
The paper explores the way in which cartoons can impact the psychological and sociological development of children and adolescents. The paper focuses on the link between cartoons, television and criminal tendencies, with a look at cartoons that satirize and depict racial stereotypes. The paper also considers the way that cartoons have changed over time, particularly with regard to their depiction of violence, and how this has affected criminal attitudes and mindsets.

Outline:
Introduction
Cartoons, Violence and Crime
Cartoons, Racial Hatred, Prejudice and Crime
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is a telling and significant fact that the amount of time that adolescents and juveniles spend watching television in developed countries like the United States has shown a radical increase in recent years. It therefore logically follows the United States is a country that watches the most cartoons in the world. Statistics indicate that the average American watches more than four hours of television each day and that children between the ages of two and seventeen watch more than three hours of television per day (Bennett, 1999, p. 22). This can also be tentatively correlated with statistics that show that crime rates have increased dramatically in the young and adolescent demographic in the United States. For example, about 19 percent of all person arrested in the country are under the age of fifteen; between 1998 and 1997 the arrests for juvenile violent crime increased by almost fifty percent (Bennett, 1999, p. 22). This would seem to suggest a link between television cartoons and tendencies towards crime among the younger demographic.
"As many child psychologists and sociologists have pointed out, while cartoons aimed at children are ostensibly meant to be fiction and fantasy, very often the young child cannot discriminate between reality and fiction; "...although the violence is not real, a child does not know the difference" (Cartoon Violence). This is an important point and one which many experts assert is the foundation for the later expression of violent and critical activities that transgress legal and moral societal norms."

Tags:violence, delinquency, digital, animation, stereotypes, prejudice

Abstract
This paper explores the influence of postmodernism on religion by exploring the portrayal of Judeo-Christian religious beliefs within television cartoons. This is done not only to explore how the perception of religion has changed through the postmodernist lens but also demonstrates how the cartoons themselves have transformed from a form of childhood entertainment to one in which adult issues that are both serious and profound are explored.

From the Paper
"The influences of postmodernism within society are both diverse in nature and heavily distributed in content (Hull 57). Improvement in the ease of communications and the time taken to invest in same has led to a society in which its participants are highly decentralized, especially in respect to shared cultural commonalities such as ethnic, geographic, or religious traits. Also, while these traits still exist and persist, they are represented in non-traditional formats that demonstrate their influence on ..."

Tags:Simpsons, Family, Guy, animation

Abstract
The paper shows that despite the advances of women in society, there has been virtually no change in the presentation of female characters in cartoons. Poor portrayal of females in cartoons continues to this day and it is having a harmful effect on children, instilling stereotypes that can last a lifetime. The paper examines and analyzes several studies done on the subject to show that the media is doing a disservice to women and minority groups by portraying them the way they do. Finally, the paper argues that the networks have a social responsibility to readdress the issue.

From the Paper
"Another study published in 1990 in Sociology and Social Research by Linda Mooney and Sarah Brabant looked at the portrayal of boys and girls in six nationally syndicated comic strips. The purpose of this study was to look at how boys and girls were portrayed, the activities that they partook in and their interactions with their parents. The study used three examples of cartoons that featured dual-parent traditional families (father-breadwinner, mother-homemaker), and three settings in which a single mother worked. The cartoons were collected over a six month period in 1984 and were analyzed. The results of the study showed that children in single-mother homes were portrayed much differently than children in a traditional home. According to the study, sons appeared more frequently in single-woman strips, sons overall appeared outside the home more often then daughters did. Children in dual-income homes or traditional homes were pictured inside more often."

Tags:Simpsons, sex, Disney, stereotype, gender

Abstract
This paper relates the history and development of Betty Boop, the first female flapper cartoon. The writer describes how the Fleischer brothers started out with cartoons featuring a dog named Bimbo and then created Betty Boop in the 1930s as a hot little number that entertained by dancing, singing, and just getting into all types of things. By bringing jazz music and musicians into the cartoon, musicians such as Louis Armstrong became famous and her character became a sex icon in American jazz history. Although the Betty Boop series ended in 1939, she was brought back in the 1990s with a biography about her life when her 60th anniversary was celebrated.

From the Paper
"Three Jewish immigrants from Vienna arrived in New York in the 1880s with a fascination for cartooning and technology, which brought all three of them into the world of animation. The Fleischer brothers Leonard, Max, and Dave responded to the local influences around the Manhattan music scene to find their choice of performers. They would combine themes from their own lives as middle-class citizens, secular Jews in New York City with their own cultural and musical notions of African Americans, funneling all these raw materials into a popular representational form of cartoons (Nyback, Longmore)."

Tags:phonofilm Talkartoon, sex appeal, flapper Disney, Great Depression, promiscuity drugs nightclub

Abstract
This paper explains that Hanna-Barbera Production presents "The Flintstones" as a representation of everyday life in America. The paper provides a synopsis of the theme of this cartoon program. The paper suggests that the cartoon program became very popular because the incidences projected the adjustment of prehistoric humanoids to modern life. Blundering Fred Flintstone is used to symbolize creationism rather than Darwin's evolutionary biology theory of the survival of the fittest. The paper includes examples of the many ways that "The Flintstones" has permeated contemporary culture from vitamins to bloggers.

From the Paper
""The Flintstones: attempted to bring to the Stone Age not just aspects of modern work and family life but sought to, and succeeded, to represent every aspect of modern life. For example, the struggle between the boss and an employee were well documented in the exchanges between Fred and Mr. Slate. Fred's mother-in-law never had a good opinion of her son-in-law and came across as a curmudgeon. Even from the point of view of entertainment, variants of the names of the famous musicians and movie personalities were used."

Tags:cave, office, creationism, texas, pterodactyl