Abstract
This paper, divided into three parts, presents a formal analysis of two paintings and then compares them to one another. The first painting discussed is Honore Daumier's "Third Class Carriage" (1862) which depicts a train carriage full of peasants. The second part examines Edward Hopper's "Nighthawks" of 1942, which is set in a largely deserted city district, where three individuals sit around a rounded, open table in the middle of a diner. The third part of the paper compares the two works. The paper shows that both works, despite their common subject matters and techniques, must be viewed as parts of different traditions. Daumier's work stems from the European reaction to Romanticism, while Hopper's work stems from the American evolution and adaptation of European techniques to create a new, more eviscerating social critique of the life of the common man in America.

From the Paper
"Both pieces depict observed images of the lives of ordinary people, conducting ordinary acts of life such as traveling or eating. Both pieces depict individuals in public rather than private spaces. Both pieces depict individuals in transition, in one case on a train in transit, in the other case, waiting to leave a coffee shop with someone, or for a meeting elsewhere, or (in the case of the waiter) just waiting for the night to pass him by. Both works demonstrate how by simply portraying ordinary aspects of life, those acts accrue a significance in the mind of the viewer."

Tags:Romantic, Realist, movement

Abstract
This paper reviews the well known poem by Robert Frost titled 'Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening'. The paper reports that Frost uses a specific situation to make a general comment on the course of life and the obligations faced by the speaker. The paper also discusses the use of iambic tetrameter, creating a lazy feeling that contributes to the idea that the speaker is tired and wants to go to sleep, and it imitates the regularity of the horse's hooves when the carriage is moving.

From the Paper
"The horse is here treated as another sentient being, while Nature on a quiet evening is snow and woods. The snow creates a white background that the listener can picture and that thus has a purity that is disturbed by those moving through it. This image might also be seen as another representation of life, as a clean slate that the individual makes of what he can."

Tags:peace, beauty, Nature, iambic, tetrameter, rhyme, scheme, horse, wood, farmhouse, snow

Abstract
This paper shall provide a critical analysis to the statement: "Love and marriage go together like a horse and carriage". This shall be accomplished through addressing Hollywood films from the modern period that concern a fairly idealized impression of both love and marriage. Three modern films shall be examined in order to demonstrate this thesis and these films are commonly referred to as "romantic comedies" and are "The Runaway Bride", "Sense and Sensibility", and "My Best Friend's Wedding".

Abstract
This paper explains that Mark Twain's "Mrs. McWilliams and the Lightning" apparently takes place in a carriage of a train and is told by a certain Mr. McWilliams, who is telling stories to the listener, but in fact is re-telling and transmitting Mr. McWilliams' words. The author points out that the humor in the story is (1) a very extensive and well-developed dialogue, which is almost never interrupted, (2) is the voice of the narrator who seems to be very impartial in spite of the fact that he is one of the main participants of the story and (2) the style and language of the whole piece are very important for the creation and development of the comic effect because they add heightened color to the absurdity of the situation. The paper relates that the story has a pace, which resembles very much a train: At the beginning, it starts slowly, with Mr McWilliams presenting his tale, then it accelerates and continues in a quick pace for a while with accelerating dialogues along the way and, finally, when the train comes to a stop, the story comes to a stop on its turn.

From the Paper
"The story begins with Mr. Williams giving his listener (or listeners) some personal thoughts on the subject. After comparing the fear of lightning to a dangerous disease or a handicap and saying that it is so for human beings he goes on to put on the same scale both dogs and human beings: "It is mostly confined to women; but now and then you find it in a little dog, and sometimes in a man." This effectively sets the humorous tone for the whole tale which truly starts with Mr. McWilliams waking up because Mrs. McWilliams calls him out of the boot-closet where she has hidden herself. Then, we have a series of dialogues between the two, Mrs. McWilliams giving orders to her husband about how to save himself from lightning while he tries to reason her. The second part of the story contains two passages in German which are used by Mrs. McWilliams to persuade her husband that he has to protect himself from lightning even inside the house."

Tags:anecdotal, onomatopoeia, train, pace, absurdity

Abstract
This paper examines the historic architecture of the Kimball, Minnesota courthouse building. It describes the sense of history through the preservation of historical features such as the stage, the bell tower, tin ceilings and carriage door bricks. The paper provides a description of the exterior and interior of the building and provides the social purpose for this site.

From the Paper
"Settled long ago by courageous pioneers, Kimball, Minnesota still maintains its small town feel. Today courageous pioneers are fighting to preserve a historic showpiece, the traditional City Hall. The 92-year old City Hall stands proudly in the middle of downtown representing Kimball's heritage. Many small towns are losing their historic buildings to age and lack of the building's ability to meet the community's needs. In fact, the Kimball building is starting to deteriorate and its fate lies in the hands of the people. Following is an analysis of the exterior and interior of the building."

Tags:kimball, mn, minn, minnesota, small, town, hall, city, preservation, historic, buildings, community, exterior, interior

Abstract
This paper is an in-depth look at the history of the automobile. The author discusses the early era, and inventors such as Elwood Haynes and Henry Ford. The paper also discusses the Stanley Steamer, the Duryea Motor Company, and Ransom Olds. The paper includes other inventions related to the horseless carriage, and how cars have changed American society.

From the paper:

"The automobile is said to have been a menace and a blessing, it has been worshiped and reviled, celebrated and scorned. The automobile is an invention that has had tremendous impact on society. The automobile has taken diverse segments of the American population; farmers, small town residents and urban dwellers and given them access to the same opportunities and experiences. Automobiles have given us motels, shopping malls, drive-through, vacations, commuting, and of course, suburbia. The concept of the automobile is one of the most profound and important chapters in the development of American society."

Tags:auto, automotive, buick, cadillac, car, cars, engine, ford, henry, motor, people

Abstract
The paper discusses how the twentieth century epitomized two states of being: pain and knowledge. The paper explains that from 1900 to 2000, as many of a quarter of a billion people died violently; at the same time, we progressed from an era of horse-drawn carriages to rocket ships and nanotechnology. The paper highlights how pain and knowledge went together, as when the Manhattan Project simultaneously ushered in the era of modern physics and the era of possible human extinction.

From the Paper
"In retrospect, the twentieth century epitomized two states of being: pain and knowledge. From 1900 to 2000, as many of a quarter of a billion people died violently; at the same time, we progressed from an era of horse-drawn carriages to rocket ships and nanotechnology. Often, pain and knowledge went together, as when the Manhattan Project simultaneously ushered in the era of modern physics and the era of possible human extinction. The Irish painter Francis Bacon (1909-1992) was perhaps the only Western artist who captured the dual spirit of the twentieth century: its stark depravity and its sharp light of knowledge, often on the same canvas."

Tags:francis, bacon, genius

Abstract
This paper examines how it is often forgotten that electric "horseless carriages" took to the roads several decades before Henry Ford began his assembly-line process and how, for a number of reasons, these automobiles lost out to the gasoline-driven competition. It attempts to show how, in the last decade of the 1800s and into the early 1900s, electric vehicles were all the rage.

From the Paper
"When the U.S. Postal Service began using them for delivery, companies such as General Electric started profiting from their manufacture. General Electric began to produce cars in 1898, and achieved a land speed record for an electrical vehicle that went 39.25 miles per hour. This was a speed that gas-powered cars just could not meet (ibid 19). At this point, there was enough demand for electric cars that a couple of large manufacturing firms could be successful. Many of the individuals now recognized as leaders in the automobile industry were strong supporters of the electric car."

Tags:postal, service, henry, ford

Abstract
This paper discusses these categories and shows how both current and past transportation systems fit into these four categories. It also looks at how changing technology and the changing needs of society alters the forms of these transportation systems, but not the basic means by which they travel. It concludes that the four categories remain the same, while vehicles in each continue to develop.

From the Paper
"Firstly, it is necessary to define the term transport and the transportation systems that are being referred to. The term transport is defined as "to carry from one place to another" (The American Heritage Dictionary). It is also necessary to distinguish between transport and transportation systems. For example, a ladder and an escalator are means of transport, as they allows people or goods to travel from one place to another. These are not, however, transportation systems. Transportation systems are means of transport created for the mass transport of people or goods. This definition includes all the forms of transport that are used to transport people over varying distances but excludes the transports such as the ladder and the escalator, since they are not a means of mass transport. It also excludes those means of transport that are not created."

Tags:vehicle, train, car, airplane, boat, ship, jet, carriage, horse, technology

Abstract
This paper begins with a brief history of the development of transportation, including land, air and sea travel. The link between transport and society are examined in terms of the effects on the economy, on business and on culture. Alternate forms of transport and new developments are outlined.

From the Paper
"Technology, transportation and society are three areas that are interlinked. Technology determines what transportation will exist. The transportation that exists determines how we will live and the nature of our society also determines what transportation is created.
Transportation systems have developed considerably in the last century, giving us the society we currently have. The major development in the last few decades is in technology, with this likely to have a significant impact on future transportation systems.
The current transportation systems have also resulted in several problems, mostly related to environmental and quality of life issues. An understanding of these problems is likely to result in better planning and application of future transportation systems."

Tags:vehicles, wheeled, bridges, road, carriage, automobiles, shipping, train, rail, air, plane, sea, oil, energy, international, shopping