Abstract
This paper gives an overview of carpal tunnel syndrome, its causes, symptoms, treatment and preventive measures. It discusses the structure of the carpal tunnel the parts that are affected in the syndrome. It also describes the surgical resolution of the problem as well as non-surgical options. It gives the many different causes of the disorder, physical, medical and structural.

From the Paper
"Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the medial nerve, the major nerve supplying the hand Carpal Mayo NINDS. The carpal tunnel is a tunnel with three sides composed of bone and the fourth side composed of ligament through which the .."

Tags:median nerve, carpal tunnel, pressure, repetitive action

Abstract
This paper discusses wrist or carpal instability and its treatment options. It explores and evaluates existing treatments and then discusses new treatments options. The paper review various articles and analyzes the treatments' proven results and discusses the implications of these methods and how they are leading us towards a greater understanding and management of the condition of carpal instability.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Grivissis and team favored the use of open reduction and K-wire fixtation for carpal dislocation despite potential risks of late carpal disability. Takase and team, on the other hand, found that the use of percutaneous pin fixation and K-wire resulted in subluxation of the radio-carpal joint, decreased grip strength and limited the range of motion. Kreder and his team preferred indirect reduction and percutaneous fixation for faster recovery and superior functional outcome after a year. Jakob found internal fixation and early function to produce excellent results but the procedure is a demanding technique. Pinal recommended the limited combined approach for nonunion and rigid fixation without adverse effects. Carter provided evidence of excellence results in the use of Sauva-Kapankji procedure for restoring forearm distal radio-ulnar joint, especially in older patients. Shih and team discovered that TFCC reconstruction with partial ECU and ulnar shortening would be preferable to TFCC tears with distal radioulnar joint instability.Hambridge recommended immobilization of the wrist with acute fractures using Colles' cast with the wrist at a 20-dgree extension. And Grechenig and Doets and their teams agreed that arthrodesis would be the choice of mode for chronic wrist pain and wrist diseases, respectively."

Tags:scapholunate, ligament, dissociation

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of carpal tunnel syndrome. The paper examines the cause of the syndrome and the ergonomic changes that can help prevent its occurrence. In addition the paper presents diagrams to illustrate where it impacts the body.

Contents:
Introduction
Statistics About Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Cause
Types of Jobs That Cause CTS
OSHA
Examples From Occupations
Solutions to Reduce The Risk of CTS
Ergonomic Guidelines for CTS
Effects of Other Risk Factors

From the Paper
"The Occupational Safety and Health Administration organization has looked at Carpal Tunnel syndrome for many years and has developed a list of guidelines for employers to use when trying to prevent the occurrence of the syndrome in their workforce. At this time it is not mandatory to comply with the guidelines but employers who do so will find they have a reduced incidence of claims which in the long run will be extremely cost effective. In addition by implementing the guidelines set out by OSHA on a voluntary basis it will help reduce the claims thereby encouraging OSHA not to mandate but to allow voluntary participation in the guideline implementations.
The one thing that OSHA does want to mandate is what happens to a worker who has been diagnosed by a physician as having Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. "

Tags:arthritis, diabetes, thyroid, obesity, ergonomic, workplace

Abstract
This paper examines how carpal tunnel syndrome has become one of the most hotly discussed issues facing workplace technology in the 1990s and how as computers become increasingly omnipresent in offices worldwide, and as the workweek continues to become more hectic and fast-paced, requiring more labor hours, employees soon spend most of their days in front of a computer terminal. Apart from the discomfort to the employee of the syndrome, it also discusses how human resource offices should indeed be aware that carpal tunnel syndrome, can for the most part be prevented and thus avoid substantial expenses to the firm, the insurer and the employee, as well as possible legal costs.

From the Paper
"The syndrome is usually caused by excess pressure upon the median nerve caused by scarred tissue, repetitive finger motions, tendon sheath inflammation, fractured forearms, or sprain or dislocation occurring in the wrist. Although carpal tunnel syndrome may be hypothetically caused by other factors, such as obesity and pregnancy, the ailment is most often found in individuals who work at their computer terminals excessively, with long hours of typing, and thus put their hands and wrists at risk of swelling and undue pressure. Although carpal tunnel syndrome is "usually curable" (3) through surgery or self-relaxation techniques such as the taking of breaks to relieve stress, the syndrome can potentially lead to such effects as partial or complete paralysis or numbness of the affected hand and wrist. "

Tags:dislocation, computer, terminals, typing, employees, compensation

Abstract
Examines causes, such as repetitive motion injury, obesity, diabetes, and hypothyroidism. Discusses symptoms of carpel tunnel, its diagnosis, accuracy of diagnostic factors, electromyelogram studies, and methods of treatment.

From the Paper
"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a common disorder of the hand caused by swelling of the tendons in the carpal tunnel putting pressure on the median nerve. The carpal tunnel is formed dorsally by the carpal bones, and ventrally by the transverse ..."

From the Paper
"Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Review
Introduction: Definition, Wrist Anatomy, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Frequency of Occurrence


This research reviews carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome in a medical context is a nerve entrapment disorder (Carpi, 1989). The tendons connecting the fingers to arm muscles pass through a small opening in the wrist, and they are surrounded by synovial sheaths. The synovial sheaths are thin, fluid-filled sacs, which swell when the tendons are overused. The swelling squeezes the median nerve against the wrist bone, or carpal ligament. The wrist is a freely movable joint in which the carpal bones glide across one another. Movement of the bonds is restricted by ligaments. The median nerve provides sensation to the entire hand, and pressure on the nerve causes..."

Abstract
A paper discussing the issues surrounding health hazards caused by computer use. The author looks at individual as well as institutional protective measures with special reference to avoiding Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

From the Paper
"Within the past two years, substantial media attention has been directed at potential adverse health effects of long-term computer use. Renewed concerns about radiation, combined with reports of newly recognized "repetitive stress injuries" such as carpal tunnel syndrome, have led some to call for regulation in the workplace and others to rearrange their offices and computer labs. There is little evidence that computer use is on the decline, however. On the contrary, more people are spending more time doing more tasks with computers -- and faculty, students and staff at colleges and universities have some of the most computer-intensive work styles in the world."

Tags:medicine, pc

Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical issue of the genetic testing of employees who had filed carpal tunnel syndrome claims and reviews an article that discusses a specific legal case. This paper examines both sides of the settlement, using utilitarian and deontological considerations of ethics, and shows that despite the costs to the industry and the limitations for the future, this settlement was a fair compromise in the issue of genetic testing.

From the Paper
"Examined using utilitarian ethics, this portion of the settlement would not be supported. Utilitarianism ethics stress that an action should only be undertaken if the cost of the action is less than any benefits that may be received by the majority of those involved (Scarre, 1996). In this case, since the potential lawsuits related to work-related carpal tunnel injuries would be difficult for the company to combat, and since the workers filing such claims are the minority, the payment for those lawsuits would almost certainly be higher than the benefits. The result, under utilitarianism, would be that the discontinuation of genetic testing would almost certainly create an end result of more payouts for work-related carpal tunnel claims, and since those claims are from a minority of individuals within the company, the payouts would not benefit the majority, and thus, the genetic testing should be continued."

Tags:workers, carpal, tunnel, syndrome, discrimination, ethical, genetic, malformation

Abstract
The paper beings by looking at osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, tendinitis, and carpal tunnel syndrome. It then looks at actin and myosin and how they interact in muscle contraction. Next, the paper looks at the intestinal villi and specialized cells found there.

From the Paper
"Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which is progressive and causes a gradual loss of cartilage resulting in the development of bony spurs and cysts on the joint margins. The name comes from the Greek words for bone joint and inflammation. Osteoarthritis causes disability because it limits movements of the joint. It results from deterioration or loss of cartilage from weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips and as the cartilage is worn away the bones rub together forming spurs which are areas of abnormal hardening...

Tags:osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, actin, myosin, intestinal villi

Abstract
This paper describes the occupational hazards of being a paralegal, which include back pain, headaches, and disorders such as carpal tunnel syndrome. The paper defines occupational hazards of computer dependent careers.

From the Paper
"The definition of occupational hazard which is a term typically used in determining insurance premiums is any activity associated with a job that increases the likelihood of sickness injury or death. The physical demands of a paralegal's job are typically not life threatening and are likely limited to sitting for long periods of time and excessive computer use. Both of these strains can lead to back problems chronic headaches or conditions such as tendinitis or carpel-tunnel syndrome ..."

Tags:paralegal, occupational hazards, carpal tunnel, back pain, headaches, computers