Abstract
The paper describes the story about an African-American maid, Caroline, who works for a Jewish family in Lake Charles, Louisiana in 1963. The paper discusses her relationship with the eight-year-old son, Noah. The paper portrays how the conflicts within and around Caroline create dramatic moments with strong social and racial themes. The paper points out that this was a period when the Civil Rights Movement was a very powerful and important event in the South.

From the Paper
"This is a wonderful story about an African American maid, Caroline, who works for a Jewish family in humid Lake Charles, Louisiana. Caroline is very tired of being stuck in the basement of the Gellman home, doing laundry, and meanwhile, she and the eight-year-old Gellman boy, Noah, form a relationship that is edgy, cross-cultural, but very interesting. Noah looks up to Caroline a lot, in fact he idolizes her; but even though she likes him, she is gruff with him. She lets him smoke cigarettes with her, and they form a bond in that way. "Caroline never tells me so but I know Daddy mustn't know," Noah says (15). "A secret her and me can share: Our daily cigarette...""

Tags:Noah, Rose, Gellman, maid, African-American, prejudice

Abstract
"Q. What is your full Name? A. My name is Caroline Lucretia Hershcel Q. When were you born? When did you die? How old would you be today? A. I was born in March 16, 1750. I died January 9, 1848. Today, I would be 160 years old. Q. Where were you born, and what was your nationality? A. I was born in Hanover, German and my nationality is German and English. Q. What area(s) of Astronomy were you most interested in? A. I discovered several comets specifically 35P/Herschel-Rigollet. I also discovered "three (3) nebulae (hazy clouds where star form") (Whitlock 1). With the assistance of my brother, William Herschel, we were able to discover telescopes and other comets such as, "

Tags:astronomer, women, caroline herschel

Abstract
This paper explains that Caroline Bynum has been long recognized for her exceptional scholarship and stature as a researcher. The author points out that "Jesus As Mother: Studies in the Spirituality of the High Middle Ages" is not simply about feminine images of Christ during the 12th century in Europe. The paper relates that this text is composed of five distinct essays and studies, which taken together are capable of providing readers with a broader understanding of the importance of the spiritual world and the social role it played in this historical context.

From the Paper
"Caroline Bynum has been long recognized in the historical halls of academia for her exceptional scholarship and stature as a researcher. This has proved once again to be the case with "Jesus as Mother: Studies in the Spirituality of the High Middle Ages". The subtitle should lead the reader towards the author's subject matter. This text is not simply about feminine images of Christ during the 12th century in Europe. Instead, this text is composed of five distinct essays and studies, which taken together are capable of providing readers with a broader understanding of the importance of the spiritual world and the social role that it played in that historical context. Each essay could be taken alone as an individual study on the varied subject matter."

Tags:caroline, bynum, jesus

Abstract
The following paper describes the eventful life of eighteenth-century German dramatist and actor, Caroline Neuber, further telling the obstacles she and other women faced in German theater at the time. Additionally, the paper highlights the dramatic reforms of the theater scene she championed, the inventive way in which she used dramaturgical conventions like the prologue to advance her agenda, her commitment to re-shaping German comedy, and lastl, her pivotal relationship with Johann Christoph Gottsched.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at the eventful life of eighteenth-century German dramatist and actor, Caroline Neuber, and describe the obstacles she and other women faced in German theatre at the time, the dramatic reforms of the theatre scene she championed, the inventive (or at least courageous) way in which she used dramaturgical conventions like the prologue to advance her agenda, her commitment to re-shaping German comedy so that it would acquire the gravitas she felt it deserved, and - lastly - her pivotal relationship with Johann Christoph Gottsched. In so doing, what will emerge is a portrait of a woman who was a before-her-time..."

Tags:neuber, caroline, actor

Abstract
This paper assesses the value of change management in the profitable operations of organizations. The paper provides various definitions of organizational change management and discusses the necessary process dimensions and the elements and the principles of change management. The paper further discusses the possible outcomes of a good change management, as well as the possible obstacles. The paper focuses primarily on the example of Northumbria University, which is pursuing a change management strategy in its entire operations to cope with a government policy that affected its principal source of income.

Outline:
1.0. Introduction
1.0.1. Change
1.0.2. Change & Project
1.0.3. Change Management
1.0.4. Change Management Concepts
2.0. Perceived Problem
2.0.1. Higher Education
2.0.2. Differences between a Polytechnic and a University
2.0.3. Northumbria: Past, Present and Future
2.0.4. From Polytechnic to University
2.0.5. Options
2.0.6. Outcomes of Change
3.0. Theoretical Concepts
3.0.1. Perceptions on Change Management
3.0.2. Types of Change
3.0.3. Principles of Change
3.0.4. Good Change Management
3.0.5. Changes in CM Concepts
3.0.6. Drivers of Change
3.0. Test of Theoretical Concepts
4.0. Conclusions

From the Paper
"The task of change management is to bring order to a messy situation (14). Essentially, it seeks to magnify and systematically handle all known and unknown elements in the business environment that could affect the efficient and profitable operation of an organization (13). In most cases, change management involves a problem, which is addressed by transformation, reduction or application. By transformation, the management task is to change the situation from a "problem state" to a "solved state," while the goal in reduction is to lessen the magnitude of the problem to blunt its effects on the organization. In application, the organization calls in specialists to transform, reduce or eliminate the problem (21). There is always the option of doing nothing and leaving things as they are but management scholars have consistently and strongly questioned this course of action (12)."

Tags:organizational change management, higher education, polytechnic university, Northumbria, types of change, CM

Abstract
This paper examines key concepts in organizational change, with a discussion on implementing changes in schools with low performance records. The first section of the paper defines organizational change. The paper describes the characteristics necessary for a leader to implement change within an organization. The role of the human resources department is also examined in terms of an organizational change. Four methods for handling change are presented and defined. The importance of having a strategic plan for implementing a change is also explored. This is the section in which change for low performing schools is used as an example.


Outline:
Overview of Organizational Change
The Skills that a Leader Must have for Implementing Change
Human Resources-the Key Element to a Successful Change Process
A Strategic Plan for Implementing Change
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Organizational change is often based on a single project and designates the nature of all those activities aimed at improving corporation's performance. The result of the above process bears the name of organizational development (OD) and refers to the company's evolution during change activities. This is a very important delimitation from a theoretical point of view as the two concepts often overlap in people's minds (McNamara, 1997). In time, organizational development made the object of several definitions which modified their content according to the transition from organizations perceived as stable and closed systems to organizations seen as flexible and environmentally adaptive entities whose most significant asset is represented by human resources. A standard definition from 1969 stated that: "Organization Development is an effort planned, organization-wide, and managed from the top, to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization's 'processes,' using behavioral-science knowledge" (Beckhard, 1969, quoted by McNamara, 1997)."

Tags:change, organizational, behavior, schools, education

Abstract
This paper examines the issue of change from a number of perspectives. First, it examines the role of a change agent. Second, it examines why companies resist change. It also examines why people resist change. It addresses the question of whether or not change for the sake of change is good for an organization.

From the Paper
"According to an essay published online on the team builders.com website, a change agent is an individual recruited or nominated to lead the implementation of a change. A change agent must understand the reason for making the change and help communicate the details of the change to others within the organization. The change agent's enthusiasm and interpersonal skills have a major impact on success or failure of the change being implemented. Based on this definition, it seems unlikely that any organization would expect every employee to be..."

Tags:Change, change management, change agent, organizational structure, behavior, resistance

Abstract
This paper discusses change in the organization, analyzing various models of change to bring about greater gender equality in the organization. The paper notes that a number of theories of change have been offered to guide the manager in making decisions that will decide on the change to be made and that will facilitate that change to make it more effective. The paper explores how which theory is adopted might determine the direction of change, the degree of change, the ease or difficulty involved in making the change, and what sort of unintended consequences might follow the change.

From the Paper
"Organizations have many characteristics in common with the living organism, including the fact that they evolve over time and change from one state to another. The direction of change is determined by a number of forces both external and internal, but the direction of change can also be decided upon and then influenced under the use of a management change model. A number of theories of change have been offered to guide the manager in making decisions that will decide on the change to be made and that will facilitate that change to make it more effective. Which theory is adopted might determine the direction of change, the degree of change,..."

Tags:organization, change, gender

Abstract
This paper defines organizational socialization as the process through which individuals are transformed from outsiders to participating, effective members of organizations. While organizational change is defined more simply as either down-sizing or reengineering within the corporation, which both constitute the same radical corporate transformation within a business or corporation. The writer of this paper contends that the success of today's organization depends on unleashing and maximizing the talents of its workforce. The overall purpose of both occupational socialization and organization change is to help managers and supervisors achieve better results by identifying when and how to be participative. It is based on the premises that participative management and leadership practices are essential to building commitment. This paper details the various scenarios which require businesses to make drastic cutbacks or structural changes in the set up of the company as well as the reactions from both management and the workforce. Some of the more positive reasons for a company to change are in a shift of how to do business, manage complexity as well as the ability to transcend existing inertia and become more effectively competitive. Some of the more negative effects of change are that it can distract from the basic company goal, changing just to increase team spirit. The writer of this paper discusses several models in organizational socialization methods, including the Schein method which dictates that socialization to higher levels of management includes socialization to more central roles and influence within the organization.

Table of Contents:
What is Occupational Socialization?
Organizational Socialization Techniques
What is Organizational Change?
What Are the More Positive and Negative Aspects of Organizational Change?
What Happens When a Company Decides to Change?
How Does Occupational and or Organizational Socialization Affect Organizational Change?
Occupational Socialization Footnotes and Bibliography
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Some formal socialization techniques include orientation programs, new employee training, and employee handbooks and for on going socialization, job rotation. On the other hand informal socialization may include on-the-job training from a supervisor or coworkers, word of mouth and upending or transformational experiences. One of the better known organizational socialization models is Schein's which states that socialization to higher level of management includes socialization to more central roles and influence in the organization. One informal method of doing this is through personal mentoring. The Schein method describes that some of psychosocial functions of mentoring include role modeling, acceptance and confirmation and friendships."

Tags:labor, business, applied, practice, labor, security, employment, change

Abstract
The paper is about organizational change and about change management. It describes best practices in organizational change management and discusses types of organizational change, and factors necessitating change.

From the Paper
"The need for organization change can be triggered by a number of factors acting alone or in combination. Some of the factors necessitating change include: Changing customer demands, Increased competition, Shorter product life cycles, Smaller profit margins, The introduction of new technologies, The entrance of a new competitor, A decrease in sales and profits or the departure of one or more key employees..."

Tags:Change, change management, management's role, authority, disruption, fear of change, process control, change agent