Abstract
There is a new technology of criminal activity which involves the use electronic means of communication in committing crimes. This paper looks in greater depth at some of these issues by examining the FBI Carnivore system, how it was developed, what its capacities are, and the problems civil libertarians and others see.

From the paper:

"It has a ferocious name. And its bark is in fact probably just about as bad as its bite. And while it certainly has the power to do good, the inherent costs may make it not worthwhile.
The FBI?s Carnivore system is a tool used by this law enforcement agency to snare criminals who use electronic means of communication in committing their crimes, allowing this federal agency to collect and examine email and other electronic traffic sent and received by those suspected or accused of crimes ? along, of course, with the rest of us. While the crime-fighting capacities of such a capability can be seen to be substantial, it should also be clear that such a system has the ability (if improperly used) to cause substantial harm to the rights of the innocent because most people do not realize that their electronic correspondence can be seized and examined. An essential bedrock of the American legal system (and indeed of American culture) rests on the English common-law assumption that people have a basic right to privacy and that unless they should assume or know otherwise that they have a presumption of that privacy. Thus a person shouting on a public street has no reasonable expectation of privacy. A person sitting at her computer sending email to her mother does."

Tags:investigate, arrest, access, privacy, espionage, internet, laws, ilicet, rights, democracy, police, fear

Abstract
The paper thoroughly examines the issues surrounding FBI's use of 'Carnivore' Internet Program in terms of the violation of personal privacy and freedom, its use as vital tool in hunting and apprehending criminals who use the Internet as a medium of communication, in particular after the events of September 11, 2001. The paper argues the government's "Carnivore" program erodes our constitutional freedom for the majority of law-abiding citizens.

From the Paper
"The events of September 11, 2001 are, at the least, unforgettable. That day will live in infamy as the point when the nation's false sense of security and personal safety within out country was shattered. The large jagged pieces are still being swept up within our lives, but the cracks in society ran deep, and are, I think, permanent. Out of the ashes of 9-11 have been borne many new approaches to terrorism and law enforcement in general. One such advance is the widespread use of a fairly new technology known publicly as "Carnivore". An Internet based tool, Carnivore, along with many other modern and tried-and-true methods, is used by the FBI to obtain information about possible suspects and even intercept incriminating evidence in a possible terrorist attack or other impending crime, all via the Internet. The upside of this technology is the possibility to reconnoiter suspects via the Internet by intercepting data from said suspect. The downside is unconditional snooping upon possibly non-criminal individuals either connected with or not connected with a suspect. Also known as invasion of privacy."

Tags:fbi, internet, terrorist, september, 11th, attack, security, law, enforcement, technology, internet, information, snooping

Abstract
This paper explins that Carnivore gives law enforcement extraordinary power to intercept and analyze huge volumes of email. The author argues that there is a danger that this new procedure could violate the 4th amendment.

Abstract
This paper explores an issue that has been raised recently and much argued in the media and courtroom of whether the government should be able to eavesdrop on communications online. The paper looks at recent use by the FBI of a computer monitoring program called "Carnivore" which enables monitors to analyze email for certain terms that might indicate criminal activity. The paper looks at the issue in terms of the individuals rights, general legislation issues and the needs of the government.

From the Paper
"Data surveillance through the computer has created a system that increasingly menaces individual privacy. Computers had been employed first to store scientific and numerical information, or information that was already in the public domain but that had to be collected into one computerized source. However, computers were more and more being employed to collect sensitive information about the individual's personal life so that the individual was slowly losing control over his or her personal information. This problem of the danger of invasion of privacy has been foreseen for some time."

Tags:government, criminal, personal, fbi, eavesdropping, technology, internet, taps

Abstract
This paper includes and analyzes an independent research project in which measurements of small skulls were conducted in determining a specific terrestrial carnivore. As the measuring of the skulls commenced, the paper explains distinguishing features concluded that the carnivore species is on the canine family side. The paper asserts that carnivores have a narrower snout width because they need a small area to control while hunting prey; they have small molar teeth row because they do not need to grind food.

From the Paper
"This is an Independent Research Project in which measurements of small skulls were conducted in determining a specific terrestrial carnivore. As the measuring of the skulls commenced, distinguishing features concluded that the carnivore species is on the canine family side. This carnivore will have a narrower snout width because they need a small area to control while hunting prey. It will have small molar teeth row because they don't have to grind food. They will have a small interorbital breadth because their eyes face forward for better depth perception to hunt prey. They ..."

Tags:interorbital, wolf, depth, perception

Abstract
This paper discusses the Venus Fly Trap, a rare carnivorous plant that feeds on living matter rather than through the process of photosynthesis like other plants. It examines specific aspects of the plant, such as its closing mechanism and evolutionary tree, and identifies the value of the plant to pharmaceuticals and health care and its adaptation to other geographical areas, such as the bottom of the sea.

From the Paper
"In fact, it is becoming increasingly difficult to learn about the Venus flytrap in the wild due to decreasing numbers. According to Stiefel in "Meat-Eating Plants" in Science World (2000), the plants are solely found in the Savannah's of North and South Carolina in an approximate radius of only 60 to 75 miles. Measuring just 4 to 12 inches in height, they are often stolen by human predators to sell on the market for a couple of dollars. The heavy fines do not dissuade them: North Carolina now levies tickets of up to $2,000 for poaching the plant! Venus flytraps are a federal species of concern (FSC)--a species that may or may not be listed in the future. They are not endangered or threatened, but entitled to regulatory protection because their exploitation could get them to the endangered-threatened stage. In addition, around the world the natural wetland habitats of the all the carnivore plants have been systematically drained to erect shopping malls and housing developments. Almost 90 percent of carnivorous plants indigenous to the U.S. have been eradicated because only 3 to 5 percent of their swampy habitat still remains."

Tags:dionaea, muscipula, meat, eating

Abstract
This paper focuses its research on the carnivorous plant family Droseraceae, or sundews, and covers topics such as morphology, phylogeny, anatomy, and behavior. The paper gives an detailed overview of each branch of the sundew family, noting that the popular plants can be purchased for home and commercial cultivation, where one of the most common uses is as a natural fly-catcher. The paper discusses theories about how the Droseraceae family has developed over time, including the evolutionary theory relating the four genera - Drosophyllum, Drosera, Dionaea, and Aldrovanda. This paper includes illustrative diagrams.

Outline:
Overview
Environment
Conservation
Life Cycle
Trapping Mechanisms
Evolutionary History
In Culture and Economics

From the Paper
"In popular American culture, some references have been made to Droseraceae, especially Dionaea. The science fiction series The Twilight Zone featured an episode in which an alien, man-eating Venus flytrap named Audrey fed on potential customers. The episode later inspired an 80's musical in which an expressive, hungry Audrey II grows on the blood of the protagonist played by Rick Moranis. Much like The Twilight Zone episode, Audrey II eventually grows to the size of an elephant and attempts to consume the lead characters. In the video game Super Mario Brothers, a frequently encountered antagonist called a "piranha plant" dwells in pipe obstacles. It too resembles Dionaea and tries to eat the protagonist."

Tags:biology, report, science, plant, genus, family, venus, flytrap, waterwheel, slobbering, pine, morphology, evolution, genera

Abstract
This paper analyzes whether it is ethical to violate standards of ethics for counterintelligence or national security purposes. It examines ethics which pertain to government and national security and illustrates how governments (specifically the United States government) use technology to collect counterintelligence data to maintain national security. The paper then briefly describes how governments wish to increase human identification technology.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Background and Significance
Counterintelligence Collection Through Invasion of Privacy
Carnivore
Further Government Intrusion
Implementation of National Security through Identification
Conclusions

From the Paper
"For example, there may be a case such as the latter where a terrorist who threatens national security is communicating with his counterparts and coordinating some kind of attack. Even if the use of Carnivore or a similar device or method of surveillance (such as whatever secret devices and methods the NSA uses) is somewhat unethical, it is justifiable and ethical to break standards of ethics, in this case the respect of privacy of a select number of people, in order to save lives. It is ethical because when one ethical law conflicts with another ethical law properly judged to be of greater consequence, the more important principle is intrinsically prevailing [6]. The problem here is the use of preemption in detecting terrorist activity. What is the basis for scrutinizing particular individuals? How can the government preemptively stakeout these criminals without infringing on the rights of harmless citizens? We must balance safety and security against rights, freedoms and ethics; the rights of individual citizens versus the fortification of the nation and the safety of the collective."

Tags:privacy, patriot, carnivore, surveillance

Abstract
This paper looks at the history of privacy rights, such as the Privacy Act of 1974 and the Wiretap Acts, government computer surveillance systems such as Carnivore and ECHELON, the Patriot Act, terrorist uses of the Internet, and the effects of interest groups.

From the Paper
"It is obvious that the September 11th attacks on America have reshaped the lives of the American people. These attacks shook up the American system and altered the lives of our people and the priorities of our government. As we watched the towers fall and the war on terrorism begin, the right to personal privacy was the last thing on the minds of American citizens, lost in a deluge of right, white, and blue patriotism. As time goes by and the impact of these events has begun to lessen, the concern over privacy and other rights has made a resurgence. Many Americans fear that in the months following the attacks we may have lost rights in the name of protecting our nation. Meanwhile, the government and a great number of American citizens fear that a second attack of similar proportions, or greater, could cause far worse problems for our nation. With this in mind, the government has taken an extremely aggressive stance on terrorism issues since the attacks. Following September 11th, the government has pushed anti-terrorism legislation through congress at an impressive pace. The piece of legislation with the greatest impact on America thus far is the Patriot Act of 2001. Prompted by fears of sleeper cells and terrorists living and operating amongst us, this act has changed the way the government is allowed to operate and what it is allowed to do in the name of protecting its people, but is all this really necessary? As this piece of legislation was quickly pushed through congress, many people fear that their rights may have been violated and innocent people have become subject of investigation in the name of stopping terrorists. There has been much talk of Americans living in fear of terrorism, but now that more than two years have gone by without another attack, is it our own loss of rights and privacy that we should be afraid of?"

Tags:4th, act, amendment, carnivore, echelon, encryption, keylogging, orwell, patriot, spying, surveillance, terrorism, wiretap

Abstract
The paper asserts that few texts are as engrossing as Yann Martel's, "Life of Pi"; the paper then examines some major aspects of the book that allow it to make an indelible impression upon readers. Firstly, the paper looks at the intensely personal nature of the book and how the complex subject of religion is raised in a fashion that is non-judgmental, charitable, and insightful. Of especial note, Martel's discussion of religion reveals why we human beings need it even in the midst of an age that prides itself upon being too rational for such things. Secondly, the paper discusses how if a need for religion is a part of the human fabric, then so too is cruelty. The image of Richard Parker is instructive here because Parker is a remorseless carnivore, a Bengal Tiger, who - the reader only finds this out much later - is really a "stand-in" for Pi Patel himself; it is Pi, after all, who brutally kills a cook who has killed both Pi's mother and an injured sailor fleeing the sinking ship that once bore all of them. The paper shows how Martel seems intent upon crafting a story that captures the human striving after the ethereal and the transcendent - and the bestiality that also characterizes human behavior and makes the moral injunctions of religion necessary. The paper posits that happily for him, his lucid prose, crisp plot, and strong dialogue all permit his central message to not be lost in translation.

From the Paper
"Few texts are as engrossing as Yann Martel's, "Life of Pi". The following paper will look briefly at some major aspects of the book that allow it to make an indelible impression upon readers. Firstly, the paper will look at the intensely personal nature of the book and how the complex subject of religion is raised in a fashion that is non-judgmental, charitable, and insightful. Of especial note, Martel's discussion of religion reveals why we human beings need it even in the midst of an age that prides itself upon being too rational for such things. Secondly, if a need for religion is a part of the human fabric, then so too is cruelty. The image of..."

Tags:yann, martel, faith