Abstract This paper presents a case Analysis of the Carnival Corporation (based on 2001 case data) that maintains travel industry concerns (economic sluggishness, political terror, public health issues) in 2001 hold true today. The paper provides an internal analysis of Carnival Corporation including the corporation's vision, mission, objectives, goals, strategies and performance.
From the Paper Carnival Corporation at the time of this case was the industry leader. The industry however was confronting important problems related to general economic sluggishness ..."
Abstract This paper examines social and cultural situation of the city of Florence during the 14th and 15th centuries showing how much of a decadent and self-indulgent municipality it was. By understanding the attitude of that time period, it makes it easier to comprehend the mayhem that was brought on during the time of Carnival - the obsession with food, culture and fun.
From the Paper "There is hardly an event that occurs where food is not part of the main affair. Eating for the Italians is more than a physiological requirement; rather, it symbolizes many things, including faith, devotion, and family values. In no other ethnicity would one find such connection with emotion and sustenance to food as one does with the Italians. Implementing a Carnival celebration so many centuries ago just seems to epitomize what the Italian people of the time stood for."
Abstract This paper discusses the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, which is celebrated the week before Ashe Wednesday every year and is among the largest and most popular in the world. The paper notes that, according to the Trinidad and Tobago official website, this annual event is unrivaled in the world. Rich in history and a reflection of its history, the Carnival continues to evolve to the present day. The paper points out that, as a symbol of freedom, and a celebration of freedom from slavery, the Trinidad and Tobago Carnivals are significant to the islands because they represent a celebration of freedom that is deeply rooted in the culture of the nation. However the Carnival is not merely a celebration but also an outlet for commentary on the important issues affecting Trinidad. The writer concludes that today, the Carnival is a subject of controversy, and that will not change in the future, as the Carnival's very inception celebrates freedom, while challenging the norms of its day.
From the Paper "Racial tensions were still prevalent as the Carnival celebrators maintained as sense of their African heritage. A key event in 1881 illustrates the tension as a new commander, Captain Baker, took over the police force to be tougher on the celebrations. During the popular Canboulay celebrations which celebrated the burning of the canes on slave plantations which would unite slaves after they put out the fires, the Carnival celebrators carried torches through the streets against Baker's wishes. Rioters then clashed with police and despite the violence the Carnival continued. They then mocked the police in future celebrations as tensions between the authorities and those celebrating would continue throughout the 19th century. Ultimately, the Trinidad Carnival was influenced by its history as a slave plantation island and the social and racial tensions would contribute to the practice of Carnival. Even after emancipation, the issues of slavery and racism were still being expressed and celebrated and maintained a presence in Carnival parades and masquerades."
Abstract The paper relates that Carnival Cruise Lines is the largest and most successful cruise line in the world. The paper provides a brief history of Carnival Cruise Lines and analyzes their image design. The paper discusses how Carnival Cruises has been plagued by a number of scandals recently, including a health scare and its controversial contract with the Hurricane Katrina relief operation. The paper considers that when it comes to the leisure industry, given the escalating cost of family vacations, many people are willing to put aside personal quandaries if their own experience is pleasurable.
Outline:
A Brief History of Carnival Cruise Lines
Image Design: Visual Identity and Integrity
Processes, Policies, Community Involvement: Building an Image
From the Paper "A press release detailing history of the cruise line states that Carnival began in 1972 with a converted transatlantic ocean liner called the T.S.S. Mardi Gras. Given that the cruise line was later to enter into a controversial contract with the federal government to provide shelter in some of its cruise ships to Hurricane Katrina evacuees, this name seems ironic in retrospect. (Weisman, 2005) The mission of Carnival's founder Ted Arison was to make the elite mode of travel aboard large luxury vessels, a "vacation experience once reserved for the very rich," now "accessible to the average person." ("34 Years of Fun," 2006, Carinval.com)"
Abstract This paper examines how, in his poetic works of "MacFlecknoe" and "Absalom and Achitophel", John Dryden focuses on the idea of coronation to degrade his satirical target. It looks at how "MacFlecknoe" centers around the crowning of a new "king of bad writing", whereas "Absalom and Achitophel" satirizes the very realistic predicament of a threat to the English crown. It also explores how, during the 18th century in England, the folk custom of carnival was very popular and how Dryden derived his royal satires from these traditional English carnivals.
From the Paper "Dryden was no doubt familiar with these carnivals of misrule (Combe 5). During the observance of Twelfthtide in England, the carnival was in full swing; "Dating from at least the twelfth or thirteenth century, a Lord of Misrule was commonly appointed to oversee the Chistmastide revels at the royal court, in noble households, in various municipalities, at the universities, and at the London law schools" (Combe 5). The Christmastide carnival at the Inns of court was probably the most influential to Dryden, for it was the most complete ritualistic carnival at the time (Combe 6). During this carnival, a Lord of Misrule was crowned, termed the Christmas prince; the carnival began on December 21, and the disorder lasted for about four weeks (Combe 6)."
This paper is about Trinidad and Tobago's festive annual carnival celebration and how various aspects of the festivities are influenced by early and current African traditions.
Abstract The paper starts off by giving some background information about the country of Trinidad, its location, the people that reside in the country, etc. The paper then includes a description of the festivities involved in Trinidad's yearly carnival. The remainder of the paper goes on to analyze the early origins of Trinidad carnival and how each aspect of the celebration has been greatly influence by African traditions.
From the Paper "Trinidad and Tobago is a small island located in the south part of the West Indies. The country is considered a 2-nation island because of the fact that the islands Trinidad and Tobago are so close to each other. Trinidad located just 7 miles away from the county of Venezuela, is said to be the most industrialized island in the Caribbean because of its large oil deposits and multi-cultural population harboring inhabitants from countries such as India, Europe and Africa. The county of Trinidad is widely known for its beautiful beaches, infectious calypso music, and more importantly its annual carnival. Trinidad's carnival is one of the country's most celebrated events taking place on the Monday and Tuesday before Ash Wednesday. It is filled with people from Trinidad as well as from all over the world coming together to dress up in extravagant costumes and masquerades and then partaking in the wild festivities of dancing, enjoying the music and appreciating the rich history and culture of Trinidad (Porter & Prince 2003: 29 & 676)."
Abstract "Mankind" presents a comedy of morals concerned with the most fundamental aspects of human behavior, namely, the difficulties of leading a virtuous life in the face of hardships, distractions and temptations. This paper discusses the play "Mankind" and how through the juxtaposition of the elements of Carnival and Lent, they were able to express their grievances against an oppressive society.
From the Paper "The Medieval drama began as a symbolic re-enactment of the resurrection of Jesus Christ and was meant to educate people on the teachings of the Bible and the doctrines of the church. After a time, the action in the plays was expanded upon and dialogues were added, making it more theatrical. The plays were, of course, still performer in Latin, which was the universal language of the Church. Gradually, drama began to include non-Biblical sources and the plays were performed outside of the churches. At this point, English Medieval drama took off in many different directions, which literary historians divided into three distinct and unconnected groups of vernacular plays: the 'mystery' plays, which were based on scripture, the 'miracle' plays, which were based on the lives of saints, and the 'morality' plays, which were based on the struggle between vices and virtues (Potter 6). The latter of these plays flourished in England at the same time as the Corpus Christi Cycles."
Abstract This paper provides a marketing audit of Carnival Cruise's current sales and marketing operations. The paper describes the company and offers its recommendation that Carnival Cruise should develop an advertising platform that transfers across markets and media regardless of target market and segment. The paper discusses the evaluation and control of this proposed strategy.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Company Description
Marketing Communications Analysis
Recommendations
Implementation Plan
Evaluation and Control
From the Paper "Ted Arison began Carnival Cruise Lines' operations, the parent corporation of Carnival Cruise Lines, in 1972. His son, Micky Arison, is the current Chairman of the board and CEO. Carnival Corporation operates 12 cruise lines and 75 ships which cover four North American markets as well as Europe of which 20 belong to Carnival Cruise Lines. The parent company, Carnival Corporation, owns numerous cruise lines, which are all branded separately. For fiscal year 2005 Carnival Corporation, the parent corporation of Carnival Cruise reported $11,087m in total revenues and almost 7m passengers carried."
Abstract The paper looks at the key success factors of Carnival Cruise Lines. The paper discusses their comparative advantage of sales and marketing benefits it maintains with its numerous sister companies. The paper provides a customer/market analysis and relates that for future growth, Carnival must identify further segmentation strategies that will allow them to market directly to more defined sub-populations.
From the Paper "Carnival Cruise Lines has branded itself as the "fun" cruise line where fun is the main priority and the amenities are second. During Carnival's inaugural voyage at its founding, its converted transatlantic liner ran aground on a sand bar. It was due to this mishap that the management gave everybody free drinks. The observation was that everybody had "fun" and thus, began Carnival's legacy of the "Fun Ships" ("Power"). Carnival never wavered from its commitment to its brand and expanding its brand equity. Based on Carnival's research most people go on vacation to have fun. Having this information influenced its designing of their ships. Carnival clearly spends more money on asthetics then comfort, spending 25% - 30% less on beds than their competitors. Carnival feels that spending this amount on the bells and whistles offered a better return on investment (ROI)."
Abstract This paper provides a a step by step account of how Carnival Cruise Lines has earned the dominant position they have today in the tourism industry through strategic alliances, marketing and how they have used technology to leverage their competitive advantage. It focuses on their efforts in four areas: being family orientated; being environmentally friendly; convenience and customer service; and their affiliations and strategic initiatives and shows how through these efforts customers stay loyal and come back in the future on one of their other cruises.
From the Paper "Carnival Cruise management have a strong ability to recognize social trends such as the need for short 3-5 day vacations (mini-vacations) and have invested in travel and tourism related companies to help them offer the best vacation in that short time period. For example, Carnival purchased Cunard Line Limted And Airtows PLC to help compliment their cruises with land activities. This is given Carnival the ability to fully control and create packages for three different adventure categories that are truly unique to Carnival such as Dog Sledding in Alaska. Management has also been able to align itself with companies such as Universal Studio?s."
Abstract Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago is considered "the oldest and greatest of them all, the mother of all Carnivals, often imitated, never equaled" ("Carnival, The Greatest Show on Earth"). Official Carnival lasts for two days of masquerading, but the Carnival season is much longer and involves a wide variety of activities.
From the Paper "Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago is considered "the oldest and greatest of them all, the mother of all Carnivals, often imitated, never equaled" ("Carnival, The Greatest Show on Earth"). Official Carnival lasts for two days of masquerading, but the Carnival season is much longer and involves a wide variety of activities. Carnival is a celebration associated with the coming of Lent on the Catholic calendar and is seen as the last opportunity to indulge before the sober disciplines of Lent. The word "carnival" itself means "farewell to the flesh." Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago, however, also involves the inclusion of African rhythms in the music, creating the Calypso beat that marks this celebration. The history of carnival has been traced by some researchers back to the rites of Bacchus in ancient Greece, and certainly the celebration resembles ..."
Abstract The paper relates that the cruise line industry has been experiencing a period of massive expansion over the last decade, thus heightening the competitive profile for the industry in terms of market share and competitive rivalry. The paper evaluates the industry competitors: Carnival Cruise Lines, Royal Caribbean and Norwegian Cruise Line. The paper provides a competitor profile matrix that shows Carnival Cruise Lines' market dominance.
Outline:
Industry Overview
Industry Competitors
Competitor Profile Matrix
Product Differentiation
From the Paper "The cruise line industry has been experiencing a period of massive expansion over the last decade. By some estimates, the cruise industry in the United States (US) alone has generated more than $32b during 2005. Such revenue ensures that the cruise industry remains one of the most competitive across all markets. Even smaller markets have been experiencing an increase in cruise industry operations. The Canadian market has seen some ports exceed more than 90 cruise ship callings on an annual basis and this is a considerable amount of traffic for a traditionally smaller market. Thus, the competitive profile for the industry has heightened in terms of market share and competitive rivalry."
Abstract This paper presents a reflection on African-American poetry. The writer of this paper uses two poems, "Colored Kids at Carnival" by Langston Hughes and "On Being Brought From Africa to America" by Phyllis Wheatley, to explore themes, structure and saturation of the work.
From the Paper "Throughout history poets have used their works to reflect their emotions, ideas and souls. American history is still relatively young, yet filled with diversity when it comes to the path worn down by the evolvement of the nation. African American poets often capture the essence of the nation's birth and growth through the poems they write. African American poets can present a level of understanding into the human mind, heart and soul that non AA's cannot begin to describe, yet can appreciate and understand while reading the work."
This paper investigates major issues relating to tourism development strategy in the UAE, especially Dubai, which is the best-known and the fastest-growing tourist area in the Middle East.
Abstract This paper explains that the UAE is endowed with an extensive coastline fringed by white sandy beaches and a varied landscape suitable for a wide variety of activities from powerboat races to sand skiing to golf . The author suggests that, to draw more tourists to stay longer, increase spending, and make repeat visits, efforts need to be intensified to represent Dubai and UAE as exotic places with year-round events filled with a carnival atmosphere. This requires a well-planned and widely publicized tourism calendar throughout the year and well in advance. The paper stresses that tourism must be placed high on the national agenda and be given the same status as expor-oriented and infrastructure industry.
Table of Content
Background to Research Study
An Overview
Research Area of Study
Recent Development
Research Aim and Objectives + Research Questions
Research Aim
Layout of the Dissertation
Tourism Planning and Development
The History of Tourism Planning and Development in the Gulf Region
Sustainability and Tourism Development in the Middle East
Tourism as National Income Provider in Gulf States
Case Study Dubai, UAE and Middle East
History of Dubai and UAE as Tourist Destinations
Changes in Tourism Development in Dubai, UAE and Middle East
Reason for the Increase In Tourism Development of Dubai
Winning Combination
Quality of the Infrastructure
Increase in the number of Visitors
Better Partnership between Public And Private Sectors
Government Policy
Growth in Service Sectors
Germany as a Market
Expansion of Parking Bays at the Airports
Dubailand
Growth in the Non-Oil GDP
Oil Contribution
The Importance of Tourism for Dubai as a Secondary Source of Income
Obstacles to Future Tourism Development in Dubai and UAE
Changing Outlook
Transportation Network
Renovation of Tourism Product
Other Measures
From the Paper "The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation, consisting of seven tribally based emirates that lead the southeastern portion of the Arabian Peninsula south of Bahrain and Qatar. The federation covers 83,600 square kilometers and geographically it is enclosed on the north by the Persian Gulf and Iran, on the east by Oman, and on the south and west by Saudi Arabia. Its geographical locations separate Oman from its territory on the Musandam peninsula and extend 90 kilometers along the Gulf of Oman, an area known as the al-Batinah coast. The curse of the nature in the form of arid desert and salt flats are visible everywhere. However, Arabs are not a frustrated lot due to arid climates and blessed in the form of oil reserves by the Mother Nature. They are blessed with mountains in the northeast that rise to 1,200 meters. Due to low rainfall, there are few fertile areas except in the north and among the oases."
Abstract This paper concerns the traditions of Mardi Gras and describes its customs of royalty and celebrations, the King Cake and other religious characteristics and its official aspects. Also included in this article is how traditions are celebrated and when they officially began. Information for this project was taken from newspapers, the Internet and books and a survey of 6th grade students which demonstrates the knowledge of young people on the traditions of Mardi Gras. The writer points out that overall, this project demonstrates that Mardi Gras is more than just a big party and is, instead, one that has been passed down over the generations and one that should be carried on in a respectful manner.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Is the King a Religious Symbol?
How is Carnival Celebrated?
What is Official about Mardi Gras?
Conclusion
From the Paper "There are many religious aspects to Mardi Gras and the Carnival season; in fact, the whole celebration started because of religion. Many of the same religious traditions that were celebrated by people a long time ago are still practiced today, one being the King Cake, based on the biblical story of the Three Kings who traveled many miles to find the baby Jesus in Bethlehem. This cake's circular shape symbolizes the route that the Three Kings traveled to avoid King Herod who was following them in their search to find the baby Jesus. The baby in the cake represents Jesus and when 98 local 6th graders were surveyed, 90% knew that the baby represented Jesus."
"The twelfth day after Christmas is also a religious holiday and is known as the Christian Feast of the Epiphany. This was the day that the Three Kings visited baby Jesus; it also begins the Carnival season which precedes Mardi Gras."
