Abstract
This paper discusses Carl Rogers' non-directive approach to therapy, in which the client has control of the direction of the therapy session. The paper examines the roots of humanistic therapy in Carl Rogers' approach and then examines humanistic therapy as it pertains to Rogers' approach. Next, the paper discusses the conditions necessary for positive therapeutic results in client-centered therapy, as propounded by Rogers.

From the Paper
"Rogers puts forward some conditions that are necessary for there to be positive therapeutic results in client-centered therapy. These include, the counselor should operate from the premise that the client has a responsibility for himself or herself and also has the willingness for maintaining that responsibility; the client desires to be mature and socially well adjusted and will rely on this to achieve therapeutic change. The counselor should also create a climate where the client feels free to express their feelings and attitudes regardless of their absurdity. Limits can only be set on behavior and not on attitudes, which is a child perhaps may feel like breaking a window but he should not be allowed to actually break the window. The counselor's acceptance of the client's attitudes should involve neither disapproval nor approval of the client's attitudes and feelings. This understanding is conveyed best by seeking clarification where necessary. Finally, the counselor should refrain from actions like probing, giving advice, providing reassurance, apportioning blame and giving suggestions (Ryan, 2008; Green, 2000)."

Tags:non-directive therapy, psychotherapy, carl rogers, humanistic psychology, counseling

Abstract
This paper discusses how each individual progresses through the social order with the expectations of conforming to religious political community and personal expectations. Religion is in theory supposed to address the spiritual needs of the individual. The paper further discusses that as religions are consistently changing in society, this is not often the case. Medicine may address the diseases and illnesses that can be scientifically detected in the patient but often times there is pain that cannot be identified as having a direct physical cause. Psychologists, such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, believed that as human beings progressed through life their psychological conditions would create upheaval in a way that could create physical and spiritual unrest, with no apparent cure for the ailment.

Tags:jung, carl, spirituality

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Carl Rogers' person-centered theory on society. The author also considers the application of the theory as it relates to family, groups, interpersonal relationships, and conflict resolution. The goal of the theory and how its techniques are used in therapy is also discussed. The paper compares person-centered theory to other psychological theories, including a historical perspective. All of these issues are important and significant for a complete understanding of what person-centered theory really is and how it applies to many various facets of life.

From the Paper
"The primary issue in Carl Rogers' person-centered theory is what he terms the "actualizing tendency" (Rogers, 1980). This term refers to what is considered to be the inherent and the immutable tendency of all organisms, of course including human beings, to do many different things, including grow, expand, develop, differentiate, maintain themselves, restore themselves and realize their natures as much as they are able to and as well as they are able to under the circumstances that they are given (Barrett-Lennard, 1998). This actualizing tendency is seen as the basic characteristic of all organic life, including human life. Rogers (1980) expresses these ideas very well in stating that "The actualizing tendency can ... be thwarted or warped, but it cannot be destroyed without destroying the organism" (Rogers, 1980, p. I 19). "

Tags:person, centered, theory, Carl, Rogers, psychology

Abstract
The focus of this paper is Carl Sauer's view of what constitutes the proper philosophy or perspective on education in geography, and also the main components it ought to have. The paper will also discuss the fact that Sauer was writing about fifty years ago and some of what he recommended (and experienced in his own education), has changed; some has remained the same.

Tags:carl, sauer, geography

Abstract
A paper on the life and theories of Carl Jung.

Tags:carl, jung

Abstract
This paper describes the concepts put forward by Carl Jung. The paper begins by discussing Jung's life and the history of his works. It describes him as a psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology. The paper discusses the ways he used his background on Freudian theories to explore the "inner space" of the human psyche, involving mythology, religion, and philosophy into his studies and becoming an expert in mystic symbolism.

Table of Contents:
The Psychoanalytic School
Carl Gustav Jung and Analytic Psychology
The Archetypes
The Collective Unconscious
The Complex
Synchronicity
The Lifework of Carl Gustav Jung
Carl Gustav Jung Today

From the Paper
"Socrates, Aristotle and Plato opened the floor for the study of human behavior and mental life in their philosophical discourses. The fundamental question involved what motivated man to do the thighs he does and how ideas come about. Two thousand years have passed and these questions remain the driving force behind the study of the human psyche- of Psychology."

Tags:archetype, collective, Freud

Abstract
This paper discusses Carl Rogers as the founder of client-centered therapy. It first describes and examines his concept of client-centered therapy and how it needs to be applied by therapists during treatment sessions. The paper then looks at the ways that Rogers has influenced many psychological theories and therapies present today, especially positive psychology.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Client-Centered Therapy
Positive Psychology Movement
Carl Rogers and Positive Psychology
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Many of Carl Rogers's ideas have been influential on modern psychological practices, and specifically in the area of positive psychology. Client-centered therapy is humanistic in nature and is concerned with the quality of human experience. Froh (2004) posits that positive psychology mimics the ideas of Rogers's theory in that it emphasizes the importance of positive subjective experiences to achieve significant personal growth, even though many positive psychologists have attempted to distance themselves and the new theory from past models of therapy. Many positive psychology theorists believe that those in the humanistic realm did not use scientific methodologies as a foundation for their theories. However, "humanistic psychology has an extensive research base that uses both positivistic and phenomenological designs" (Misiak & Sexton, 1973; as cited in Froh, p. 19)."

Tags:experience, client-centered therapy, positive psychology

Abstract
This paper relates that evaluating and comparing human personality theories requires an examination of the history of psychology and an appraisal of the most prominent theorists. The author points out that Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers have influenced psychology profoundly with distinctly different approaches to therapy. The paper explains that Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis and Carl Rogers' humanistic therapy each have their strengths and weaknesses, but humanistic psychology seems to have much greater potential than Freudian analysis.

From the Paper
"In evaluating personality theory, it is important to examine the professional history and experiences of the theorists themselves, for these factors inevitably influence the formulation of their theories. We are all products of our own distinctive life experiences, and famous psychologists are no exception. Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers were each influenced consciously and subconsciously by their own unique heredity, their respective professional environments, and a host of other personal, educational, and professional circumstances and events. The respective theories of personality they each constructed reflect all of these influences. Robbins (1999) notes that psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud more than a century ago."

Tags:rogers, and, freud

Abstract
This paper describes that Carl Orff's genius in music was nourished and developed into a master's art at the Academy for the Musical Arts, a music school in Munich. The author points out that Karl Orff believed that every child has a talent for music; hence, his "Schulwerk" is a pedagogical compilation of music for children. This paper explains that "Carmina Burana", or "Songs of Benedikbeuern", is a cantata including songs of drinking, food, love, and happiness, which are based on an old manuscript. Illustrations.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Orff's "Carmina Burana"
Today's Orff's Music for Children
Carl Orff's Styles and Techniques

From the Paper
"Today, Orff Schulwerk has been a music tradition in many nations worldwide. It has long been established in countries such as the USA, Austria, Hungary, Germany, and Greece. Aside from being an institute of music education for children, as it has been since the 1950s, Schulwerk is extended as a music institute for adults alike. In the USA, the American Orff-Schulwerk Association is a music institute that adheres to the teaching techniques developed by Orff and Keetman.
that adheres to the teaching techniques developed by Orff and Keetman."

Tags:genuis, pedagogy, children, songs, cantata

Abstract
In the first segment of this paper the techniques and theoretical perceptions used in symbolic/experiential family therapy are outlined. The paper mentions that Virginia Satir and Walter Kemplar are also seen as having had equal, initial importance in the birth of experiential family therapy. However, the paper concentrates mainly on the work of Carl Whitaker and his colleagues, whose style of therapy differs greatly from that of Satir and Kemplar. The second section of this paper paints a picture of how these sessions of symbolic, experiential therapy might appear in order to give the reader a deeper understanding of the applicability of Whitaker's somewhat unconventional methods.

Paper Outline
Introduction
Carl Whitaker
Basic Model
Theoretical Concepts
Strengths
Shortcomings
Fit With Systems Theory
Current Research
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Anxiety and confusion are increased through use of metaphors, teasing, humor, free association, fantasy, confrontation or silence. The underlying premise being that the way to promote individual growth and family cohesion is to liberate effects and impulses. This is often referred to as "expanding the symptom" and is done to refocus the family members on the problem as within the family, as opposed to one person having the problem. (Connell, et al.; 1999, pp.53)"

Tags:engagement, disentanglement, scapegoating, confrontation