Abstract This essay is a study of the island of Jamaica. It gives an historical overview of its discovery. It details Jamaica's social, political, and economic situation and describes the main factors that effect its situation. This paper also examines the adjacent Caribbean islands and their present day situations. It gives an historical overview of the discovery of the Caribbean and the part the British and Japanese have played in the Caribbean's history.
From the Paper "Early in the sixteenth century, Spaniards landed on, and claimed, the island of Jamaica. Previously inhabited only by Arawak Indians, the island, located along the ocean route connecting the Old World to the New World, soon became a way station for Spanish galleons and a marketplace for slaves and goods from many countries. Along with the Spaniards, it was home to British citizens as well as multinational buccaneers and entrepreneurs.
"According to Daniel J. Seyler, in his contribution to Countries of the World, "Jamaica's story is one of independence that began in the seventeenth century with the Maroons, runaway slaves who resisted the British colonizers by carrying out hit-and run attacks from the interior. Their 7,000 descendants in the Cockpit Country have symbolized the fervent, sometimes belligerent, love of freedom that is ingrained in the Jamaican people as a result of both their British tutelage and their history of slavery. Independence came quietly, however, without a revolutionary struggle, apparently reflecting the lasting imprint of the British parliamentary legacy on Jamaican society" (Seyler 1991)."
Abstract The paper looks at two points about Indo-Caribbean people and the Indo-Caribbean culture. The first question discusses the historical, racial, social and cultural implications of the field-song "Oh Maninga." The second looks at two contributions to the study of Indo-Caribbean culture by women, specifically writing and cultural transmission.
From the Paper "The song "Oh Maninga" illustrates a small part of the world of the Indo-Caribbean indentured laborer. The song shows a part of the world that was not frequently seen or discussed in historical literature until recently. Patterns of race and class, gender and culture can be seen in this song. Until the last few decades, people have not been interested in the people who worked in the Caribbean as indentured servants in horrible conditions for little compensation. Part of this is due to the racism inherent in the dominant western culture where those writing the history were not interested in the stories of the poor, especially not the women or otherwise powerless."
Abstract In this paper, the cultural contributions given by women in Indo-Caribbean history relate directly to the resistance movements that were part of the slavery and indentured servitude they labored beneath. The writer discusses that the identity of Indian women that worked on the plantations, a remarkably small minority to men in the Caribbean, were not the dainty females that modern historiography might impart, but women able to fight alongside men in times of revolt.
From the Paper "The basis of indentured servitude of the capitalist agenda of the ruling European parties in the Caribbean reflect the general aspects of slave labor that made places, such as Guyana, a racially divided place. The basis of race and historiography can determine why sugar cane cutters in Guyana suffered, as we hear within the song "Oh Maninga", as sung by Neisha Benjamin. These relate the historiographical commonalities that represent the capitalist agenda to conduct low wages and tyrannical ruling by the sugar cane managers."
The paper discusses the drug problems of the people of the Caribbean and the drug trafficking that goes on there. It also deals with the dangers that drug trafficking causes to other countries and their people.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 5 sources, 2001, $ 101.95
Abstract This paper is about the drug trafficking problems of the Caribbean. The author examines the Caribbean region as a long standing area where illegal substances have been grown and sold. The people are poverty stricken and sell drugs as a means to make money. The author looks into the Caribbean's climate and location which make it an ideal place to grow and sell drugs. The people are able to transport drugs to other countries through the use of planes, boats, etc. The paper goes on to discuss how this poses as a threat to all countries because it makes drugs available which leads to drug problems for their citizens.
From the paper:
"The Caribbean is known for its agriculturally equipped weather conditions, which makes for most islands to be very fertile. Many farmers in the Caribbean grow drugs as part of their produce to earn more money. They can then sell the illegal substances to islanders, tourists, and then ship the rest off to be sold to other countries? citizens. This poses as a threat to the health of all people who are able to buy drugs as a result of drug trafficking in the Caribbean. It also poses a threat to governments because they have to use their funding on programs to educate citizens about the dangers of drugs as well as rehabilitate those citizens that are addicted to drugs and suffer from drug abuse."
This literature essay compares two stories written by Caribbean women authors, and discusses these in relation to women's oral histories and traditions in Caribbean cultural contexts
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, 2002, $ 97.95
Abstract This literature essay compares two stories written by Caribbean women authors, and discusses these in relation to women's oral histories and traditions in Caribbean cultural contexts. Referring to the post-colonial and feminist theory, the author of this paper analyzes women's writing as a reflection of traditions with story-telling, women's "voice," and histories that are particular to women and Caribbean culture.
Abstract This paper attempts to show the errors made in generalizations of Caribbean families. The paper talks about how one Caribbean family is discussed using North American or European models that may not suit Caribbean societies. The paper also points to generalizations that emphasize the lower-class Afro-Caribbean family as somehow typical.
From the Paper "Models of male marginality and female domesticity have to do with ideas of power, sexuality and gender, in different kinds of Caribbean families. The result of different ideals for men and women has been assumed to create a big gender gap in Caribbean cultures. These are said to have shaped the nature of the family quite strongly. In the past, errors have been made in comparing Caribbean families to those in North America or Europe, or by assuming only one or two models of how the Caribbean family might be different. "
Abstract This paper discusses a Caribbean family structure and women's power vis-a-vis men. The paper also discusses matrifocal emphasis observed in many Caribbean families, but also the sway of stereotypes, and as these are constantly disproved in a varied and international Caribbean population.
From the Paper "Historical Challenges to Patriarchy in Caribbean Families. Introduction Patriarchy has been plain the many Caribbean families but historical factors also produce different presentations of masculinity, and a profound matrifocality as varied forces. This paper refers to a variety of sources to introduce the Caribbean family as often different from the so-called nuclear family that once prevailed in North America, or elsewhere in the West, as discussed by Luxton. (1995). One finds great variety in Caribbean families, and also, patterns alluded to that indicate a distinctive Caribbean history."
Abstract This paper explores how the institution of slavery affects the present day outlook of many Caribbean citizens. The experience of colonization and enslavement is considered in terms of Caribbean identity, attitudes, culture and behavior. A review of literature in this field is presented.
From the Paper "The importance of the institution of slavery in the history of the Caribbean region needs little introduction. However, in the present, one finds vestiges of the enslaved, as opposed to the descendants of slaves, in a region where history has a strong influence over identity, attitudes, culture and behaviour. Matters of how colonial societies stamped metropolitan cultures on their members have been fully discussed by Frantz Fanon in the French case. (Black Skins, 1967) Arnold Itwaru has written on how colonial hangovers do continue, encountered by people of Caribbean origin, yet again, in the Canadian setting. (1994) The influence of imperialism is very long."
Abstract This research paper discusses poverty in the Caribbean. It discusses causes and cures. It explains the origins of poverty, income inequality, government intervention and future prospects for curing this problem.
From the Paper "The Caribbean Islands include; Anguilla, Antigua, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bonaire, The British Virgin Islands, The Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curacao, Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyanan, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Puerto Rico, Saba, St. Barthelemy, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Martin, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos, and the U.S Virgin Islands. Some of these islands are playgrounds for the ultra-wealthy and yet poverty exists on almost every one of these island nations."
Tags: poverty, caribbean, causes, effects, changes, government policy, UN role, redistribution of income, unemployment, underemployment, social and cultural change, income inequality
Abstract This paper focuses on the 'physical arts' found in the popular culture of the Caribbean. Specifically, this paper argues that pop culture was and is a form of transgression against external control - specifically European control. Of especial interest, the paper looks at Haiti, for in Haiti - thanks to Aime Cesaire - an appreciation developed for how culture could used as a means of breaking the shackles of European control.
From the Paper "When one assesses popular culture in a Caribbean nation such as Haiti, what becomes apparent is that popular culture is far more than a means of cultural expression; it is, in a very real sense, a tool of defiance - a mode of transgression. This paper will focus upon the use of popular culture throughout the Caribbean as a way of breaking the shackles of European, colonial oppression. In particular, special emphasis will be placed upon Haiti, for this small nation is an especially good example of how a vigorous popular culture can work to ensure freedom and the perpetuation of racial and cultural distinctness."
Presentation of information in two studies, " Does Sarcasm Always Sting?" and "An Examination of Adoloscents Who Were and Were Not Exposed to 'Teens Stopping AIDS'", followed by a comparative analysis of the studies, a worldview and an evaluation.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 2 sources, 2002, $ 62.95
Abstract Providing an in-depth analysis of the content, methods, and intent of research helps us not only to achieve a greater understanding of the actual implications of the study in question, but also to assist us in determining the applicability of the study to our own research. This paper examines two very different studies for just these elements. Within the analysis, we will look at several aspects of each to demonstrate that, with careful reading, we can determine the relevance and strength of published research. The two studies chosen for this comparative analysis are: Penny M. Pexman and Kara M. Olineck's "Does Sarcasm Always Sting? Investigating the Impact of Ironic Insults and Ironic Compliments", and Yuko Mizuno and May Kennedy's "An Examination of Adolescents Who Were and Were Not Exposed to 'Teens Stopping AIDS'". What this paper will first present is basic information about each of the studies including the theory and key concepts advanced in the article, a description of the research proposed, including the hypotheses and research questions, a description of the methodology, and finally a description of the findings themselves. Second, this paper will determine the Worldview of the research and how that worldview affects the ontological assumptions being made within the work. Then, it will examine the epistemological and axiological assumptions being made. Finally, using Littlejohn's criteria, the theory of each will be evaluated.
This essay explores the problems associated with the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. It weighs the ethical elements with the scientific purpose of the study to decide whether this was indeed a beneficial experiment or simply a federally funded genocide.
Abstract This essay was designed to explore the moral and ethical implications of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. The essay opens with the breaking of the story by the Associated press, and then follows it to its conclusion in 1975. The paper debates the moral and ethical nature with the scientific benefits of the study. Susan M. Reverby's book titled "Tuskegee's Truths: Rethinking the Tuskegee Syphilis Study", is cited many times throughout the essay. While this essay is important for the historical information provided, it also puts the study in it's time, exploring the effects it had on the Civil Rights movement and the future relationship of African Americans with medical society.
From the Paper "The Associated Press brought to light the history and existence of a forty year old study of syphilis in Tuskegee, Alabama. Four hundred men with syphilis and two hundred men without, generally poor and uneducated, all of them African American, had been receiving regular physical examinations, but received no treatment for their syphilis. The story was scandalous and controversial. Close on the heels of the Civil Rights movement and just at the height of the Vietnam War, the expos? of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study shocked the public and ignited waves of suspicion that would hover over Public Health Services and the Federal government like a dense, dark cloud. Central to the outrage was the fact that the Tuskegee Syphilis Study was not being widely covered in media forums. The administrators of the study were countless, the victims were many, and those who had read articles on the study numbered in the thousands."
Tags: african, alabama, american, buxton, county, health, history, macon, medical, penicillin, public, services, study
Abstract This paper answers the following questions about a qualitative study on bilingual education: 1) What were the purposes of the study or what were the research questions? 2) What were the research procedures? 3) What kind of data were collected? 4) How were the data analayzed? 5) What are the major conclusions, implications or arguments of the study? 6) What are the strengths and weaknesses of the study and or the research procedures? 7)What are the teachers' expectations of bilingual education taught in schools?
Abstract This paper analyzes curriculum development for social studies, following the idea that social studies is an important part of the school experience and also the idea that how the subject is taught can always be approved. Included in the discussion are new methods of delivery, such as computer teaching. The paper also looks at what is being taught rather than how.
From the Paper "Wassermann (2001) worked on the development of a CD-Rom to teach social studies to the eleventh grade, a challenge that entailed rethinking what would be taught as well as how to impart the knowledge involved. There is a constant tension between those who believe that various media can enhance the educational experience and those who see media as standing between teacher and student. The author notes that in fact, electronic media of various sorts have reshaped the educational experience almost completely."
Abstract Scientists and historians might seem to encompass two separate professional worlds, but they really complement each other in many ways. By studying history, scientists can learn more about how we arrived where we did, and historians, by studying science, can learn more about science's contributions to what made us what we are.
