Abstract
This paper discusses the profitability of cargo contribution for airlines. It includes the factors that can impact increased profitability such as hidden costs and containerization of air cargo shipments.

From the Paper
"For most airlines cargo contribution represents the difference between profit and loss. As Murray Smyth, Sabre Airline Solutions' vice president for Europe the Middle East and Africa, puts it, cargo is an increasingly important element ..."

Tags:cargo, airlines, cargo contribution, transport, profitability

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of aviation and air cargo development in past two centuries, outlining the most important and interesting events from the historical point of view that contribute to the modern concept of air cargo. The paper examines the development of air cargo as an economics sector in the United States and provides basic facts about the company that is associated with modern civil aviation and remains to be its leader for more than 50 years, Boeing. The paper presents recent air cargo statistics, describes the situation in this industry in other countries, and offers some facts about the most powerful air freights of modern time produced by America's main competitor, the former Soviet Union.

From the Paper
"In the era of globalization we can not imagine life without goods exchange, freight traffic and communication. Transportation and communication means guarantee the development of economics, its interaction with the rest of economical world community and simply form a part of modern civilization's infrastructure. Such progress was achieved only because of rapid technological and industrial growth which started only two centuries ago. The development of air cargo is tightly connected with the development of aviation as technology and as industry. Air cargo is one of the most popular applications of aviation achievements in modern world. That's why history of early air cargo is also related to history of aviation as moving objects by air was one of the oldest dreams of humanity."

Tags:freight, plane, transportation

Abstract
This paper explains that, even though oil companies are credited with most of the blame, reasons contributing to the recent high rises in oil are such factors as the increasing demands for oil products in Asia, Russia's primary oil company's recent failure, oil producing companies' political instability, terrorism and fears regarding military tactics. The paper points out that the air cargo industry is adversely affected by rising oil prices because fuel accounts for between 20-30% of their operational costs. The paper relates that these fuel costs for the air cargo industry also are affected by the airports that sell the fuel, the companies that supply the fuel to the airports and the government of the involved country. The paper includes a table, illustrations and the survey.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Predicting Problems
Reasoning Factors
Best/Usual/Worst Scenarios
Projections
Present Concerns
Basic Factors
Energy Costs
Short and Long Term Effects
Conclusion
Locating Bright Spots In and On the Not So Bright Side
Effect of Rising Oil Prices on the Air Cargo Industry
Survey

From the Paper
"Questions are regularly contemplated and discussed whether terrorists' attacks on September 11, 2001 could be an additional factor contributing to decreases in the air cargo's profits. Lufthansa Cargo, however, with huge freighter fleets had already begun to decease their company's capacity before 911, responding to economic fallout. Following the 911 disaster, nevertheless, most airlines reduced their capacity by 10 -15 percent. In addition, a majority of carriers began to impose security surcharges to upset counter-terror actions."

Tags:global, terrorism, airports, jet, taxes

Abstract
The paper answers three questions on cargo security: responsibility, the CRS Report for Congress, and personnel interaction in loss control, cargo clearance and security.

From the Paper
"The responsibility for cargo security is shared among a number of different players. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) pointed out that it has general oversight of establishing a system for supply chain security that mitigates the evolving terrorist threat, while facilitating the free flow of global commerce to ensure the physical and economic well-being of the United States and its trade partners. In addition, DHS works with port authorities, individual shippers and carriers, manufacturers and distributors and an entire host of transport providers to ensure..."

Tags:cargo security, border security

Abstract
The paper discusses various aspects of air cargo security including threats, costs, screening, inspection, and laws and regulations.

From the Paper
"This report examines a variety of issues related to identifying threats to air cargo security and enhancing intervention and prevention efforts designed to reduce the threats posed by thieves terrorists and others. It identifies key issues leading to recognition of the need for improved security measures e.g. Pan Flight Valu Jet Flight and the September 11 terrorist attacks, defines the threats facing the field considers the differences between screening and inspection, offers an overview of security regulation and considers the economic impact of enhanced..."

Tags:air cargo security, screening, inspection, cost

Abstract
The paper summarizes four articles/blogs about the use of technology in cargo security.

From the Paper
"This article about efforts at GE to develop container security devices (CSDs) and an intelligent data network capable of detecting unauthorized access to a container and monitoring it while in transit, illustrates the development of new strategies for securing cargo. Such technologies clearly rely upon GPS to communicate between the palm sized CSD attached to the door jamb inside a standard maritime container which then transmits its status to fixed wireless readers at ports. This allows for much greater scrutiny of containers in..."

Tags:cargo security, technology

Abstract
The paper answers three questions about cargo security: information sharing, strategy, and pushing back borders.

From the Paper
"Since the terrorist attacks on the United States, government has increased its efforts to improve information sharing between law enforcement and intelligence agencies at the local, state and federal levels. (Kochems) Cargo transport and warehousing are key areas addressed by such efforts, the Green Lane Maritime Cargo Security Act of is one example of legislation that calls for developing and maintaining accessible cargo shipment transport databases that can be used to track cargo and identify its owners or shippers. Additionally, the Pennsylvania Office of..."

Tags:cargo security, information sharing, borders

Abstract
The paper summarizes four articles on cargo security that discuss homeland security, terrorism, and import.

From the Paper
"The Importer Security Filing and Additional Carrier Requirements interim final rule is designed to facilitate activities of Customs and Border Protection with respect to preventing the transportation of terrorist weapons into the United States. The new regulations, including the ...-Hour Rule are clearly designed to facilitate the rapid deployment of responses to potential threats. The rules include multiple requirements for both importers and exporters. They are likely to be of benefit to customs and border protection agents in..."

Tags:cargo security, terrorism, Homeland Security

Abstract
The paper discusses the problem of cargo theft, security and terrorism for shippers.

From the Paper
"Shippers as well as transporters of cargo are naturally focused on the issues of cargo theft, terrorism and security. In the United States, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has told air and ground cargo shippers that ... will be a year of accountability but many within the industry are uncertain as to precisely how new efforts to reduce cargo theft and prevent terrorism while enhancing security will play out in real world settings. Overall, Badolato predicted that the emergence of sophisticated information technology..."

Tags:cargo security, theft, terrorism

Abstract
This paper identifies the salient factors that must be taken into account in developing and sustaining strategic alliances for at home and abroad. The World Air Cargo Organization (WACO) alliance is presented as a classic example of how strategic alliances have been used to good effect by local companies in establishing a multinational network that can compete in an increasingly globalized marketplace. The paper reviews the literature to identify factors that lead to long-term, profitable alliances.

Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Introduction to the Organization
Literature review on Strategic Alliances
Environment Analysis (External and Internal)
Analysis of Existing Strategic Alliances
Identification of Activities Contributing to the Development of Competitive Advantage
Identification of Alternative Strategic Alliances that will Complement and Enhance the Company's Competitive Position
Choice of Solutions and Justification

From the Paper
"In some industries, though, this level of insight may not be possible or may be flawed at any given point in time because of a dearth of timely information concerning what others are doing. As Greenwald and Kahn point out, the choice of solutions for a given company at a given point in time would largely relate to what information was available upon which to formulate a best estimate."

Tags:cross-border, competition, multinational, complementary, information