Abstract
This paper examines how the poet, Thomas Carew, is a classic Cavalier and how his poetry is a synthesis of both Ben Jonson's classical, elegant poetry and John Donne's metaphysical influence. In particular, it analyzes how in his poem, "Upon a Ribbon," Carew presents the ribbon in the title of his poem and immediately begins to load physical, mental, and spiritual meanings onto his metaphor until it becomes over-saturated and unmanageable. The consequence is the ribbon becomes a twisted, convoluted image that bears a plethora of meanings that do not cohere in a logical whole. It attempts to show how an examination of "Upon a Ribbon" demonstrates Carew's failure at creating a sustained, logical conceit.

From the Paper
"Carew suddenly switches from bondage to religion in the poem's next section. The ribbon becomes a holy relic and takes on religious and heretical connotations in lines 9-22. The narrator changes from the classical Jonson-like tone used in lines 1-8 to a metaphysical tone, using religious references and the startling metaphor of a blasphemous icon. The narrator states that the ribbon is not only a "holy relic" that preserves his wrist, but it provides the power to sustain his entire body (lines 9-10)."

Tags:metaphor, conceit

Abstract
The paper examines Columbus' record - using Mr. Carew's presentation as a foundation - and argues that his relentless drive for riches created a situation wherein innocent people were brutally exploited. The paper notes how race and class became integral justifications for what took place in sixteenth century America and, indeed, abroad and discusses how the supposed racial and intellectual inferiority of Africans, Amerindians and other peoples of darker skin permitted white slave-traders, gold-hunters and colonizers to treat them far more shabbily than they would other Caucasians. The paper stands firmly behind Mr. Carew's negative depiction of Christopher Columbus and others of his "ilk".

From the Paper
"Jan Carew's videotaped presentation, "From Columbus to Castro - 500 Years of Race, Class and Culture Conflict in Our Americas", is one of the starker and troubling depictions one will ever encounter with regards to America's (European) founder and one of the world's most famous explorers. With this in mind, the following paper will examine Columbus' record - using Mr. Carew's presentation as a foundation - and argue that his relentless drive for riches (his capitalist zeal, in other words) created a situation wherein innocent people were brutally exploited. More than that, the next several pages will also note how race and class became integral..."

Tags:columbus, america, racism

Abstract
The paper examines Jan Carew's videotaped presentation, "From Columbus to Castro - 500 Years of Race, Class and Culture Conflict in Our Americas" where he argues that Columbus' relentless drive for riches created a situation where innocent people were brutally exploited. The paper agrees with Carew that the legacy of European discovery was one of human greed, racial intolerance and bigotry. The paper concludes that the ancestors of American whites who sought to diminish others left behind the seeds for racial convolution and unrest today.

From the Paper
"To begin with, Mr. Carew rightly notes that Columbus did everything he did to aggrandize himself and the country of Spain - partly, it may be presumed, out of patriotism, but surely mostly out of a desire to satiate his own ambitions and to validate the support of powerful individuals in the upper reaches of Spanish society who had reposed their trust - and treasure - in him. In any case, it is known that Columbus was under great pressure to "deliver the goods" by returning to Spain with riches; to wit, his patrons - Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand - eagerly sought to spread Christianity to distant parts of the world, and the royal couple also were very much interested in finding a means by which Spain could compete with its bitter rival, Portugal, for spoils ("Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Empire," para.2)."

Tags:exploitation, race, superiority, atrocities, bigotry, whites, Africans

Abstract
A discussion of the role and effectiveness of Parliament during the reign of Elizabeth I. The question is asked whether the Parliamentary opposition and power in the 17th century, leading up to the English Civil War, have its roots in the position of the Parliament under Elizabeth?

From the Paper
"Sixteenth-century Tudor government had three main strands, the Crown, the Council, meaning the Privy Council, and Parliament. Each possessed varying degrees of power, and the extent of that degree was often dependent on the person of the monarch and the amount of control he or she was willing or able to exercise. While Parliamentary authority developed during the later years of the reign of Henry VIII, Elizabeth took a much firmer hand. Parliament was called infrequently, was limited in the nature of the issues it was allowed to discuss, and was often led by the clients of the nobility into areas which had little bearing on its own members and those they represented. The organized Parliamentary opposition of the "Puritan Choir' has been shown to be a myth, as we will discuss later, and during Elizabeth's reign Parliament probably reached its point of least independence of the century. The real power in England was held by the Privy Council and, ultimately, by the Queen herself."

Tags:aylmer, carew, council, elizabeth, england, latimer, parliament, patronage, privy, puritan, tudor, wentworth