Abstract
The paper explores aspects of career counseling and answers several questions on major issues in this field. This includes: How does fear of femininity impact men's career development? Compare characteristics of African American and Asian men and identify related career counseling implications. How does the socio-economic status of parents impact the expectations parents have for their children?

From the Paper
"Researchers examining issues concerning career development have noted the fact that many men exhibit a fear of femininity which affects their career path. This idea has been inculcated in men by means of the normal gender-role socialization process and some have suggested that this has created a masculine/feminine polarity. Zunker (1994) lists characteristics associated with each gender, based on the socialization process. Masculinity is therefore associated with the following: power and the exercise of power, strength and toughness, logical and analytical thought and ambition and achievement. These are all characteristics that are associated with success, with forging ahead, with taking charge, with achieving something in life."

Tags:business, career, counseling

Abstract
This paper describes a proposed model for career counseling, the custom combination model, which provides a GUI offering counselors the ability to specify student situations and work environment to obtain a list of the applicable career counseling theories and necessary technologies for a particular student's career path, taking into consideration adaptation for rapid change due to globalization and lifestyle phases of the student. Interviews with counselors and a university dean are summarized and related to the model's capabilities.

From the Paper
"Career counseling is extremely beneficial for university students seeking guidance on what course to pursue in their lives. It is not, however, an exact science. Difficulties can arise, for example, because existing models are not comprehensive enough to include all of the contexts currently available for today's students. In addition, the constant changes taking place because globalization in global systems, economies, technologies and the world of work, create a moving target that is difficult for career counselors and students..."

Tags:model, theory, career counseling, typology, STF, Super, chaos, change, interview, counselor

Abstract
While thousands of teens have become pregnant every year for centuries, it has only been in the last three decades that teen-pregnancy has been addressed in any kind of open manner. Now, we as a community have the opportunity to help our pregnant teenage girls achieve a full and rewarding life. The problem is that we have few structures developed within our school systems for career and life counseling specifically designed to help this population. The information that follows is a justification for the development of a comprehensive career-counseling program that will directly improve the current and future lives of pregnant teenage girls.

Tags:career-counseling, programs, pregnant

Abstract
This paper argues a social theory in career development for women experiencing the "glass ceiling." The paper contends that it is up to society as a whole to ensure that all people have the same opportunities to pursue the careers that they wish to pursue, without erecting barriers like the so-called glass ceiling. The paper maintains that early and realistic career counseling in childhood, along with the equal and equitable encouragement of male and female students in traditionally male-oriented classes, will continue to propel women in the right direction.

From the Paper
"The "glass ceiling" is the name of an unfortunate concept and practice in the business world. The glass ceiling has caused difficulty for many women who want to further their careers, particularly if they should desire to climb into the realm of upper management in their field. While this barrier is not inviolate it does, to a large extent, prevent or restrict the rise of women in many areas of the business world. Career counseling, also known as employment counseling, can be of assistance to women who wish to rise through the ranks in their area of business, instead of being satisfied with horizontal career growth."

Tags:women, career, counseling

Abstract
This case study consists of a brief description of two career counseling sessions with a fictionalized male freshman student, Drew B. The paper relates that Drew has decided to make a change in his choice of major from sociology to nursing, a change of which he fears his father will not approve. The paper explains that he is concerned about his father's approval because it is Drew's father who pays for his tuition.

From the Paper
"Client: Drew B. Meeting Dates/Times: April 14 2:00-2:45 [Appropriate place] April 28 2:00-2:45 [Appropriate place] Basic Demographic Information: Age: 19 Gender: Male Ethnic Group: Caucasian Family: Lives on campus in student housing Assessment Results: Strong Interest Inventory: ASC..."

Tags:counseling, career, transcript

Abstract
The paper discusses how the ecological model of career counseling would impact the disabled and the variable of gender.

From the Paper
"The presence of a physical or developmental disability is often a negative influence on career development learning as well as other functions may be inhibited by the presence of such disabilities, which can be addressed by means of the ecological model of career counseling. (Szymanski) However, there is no definitive theory of career development and disability. Career development for most individuals is a lifelong process of getting ready to choose, choosing and then continuing to make choices from among many occupations..."

Tags:career development, disabilities, gender, ecological model

Abstract
Culture is a critical variable in career counseling and should enter into every part of the career counseling process. This paper explains that, in order to effectively utilize a valid frame of reference in which to place cultural variables, counselors need to be familiar with theories of acculturation, world-views, aspirations and expectations, societal barriers and intra-group socialization, and racial and ethnic identity development.The writer explains that it is clear that career counselors working with multi-cultural students must be trained in such a way as to ensure that they are completely sensitive to and well-versed in matching individual students to the appropriate work environment. It discusses how career counseling is a process occurring between two or more individuals and designed to help students reach a career decision. It concludes that, in order to be effective as a career counselor with racial and ethnic minority students, counselors must become skilled in cross-cultural counseling.

From the Paper
"Good career counseling always takes place within a cultural context, which is true regardless of ethnicity. Current theoretical models may not be adequate to explain the career behavior of racial and ethnic minorities. Vocational assessment has to be culturally sensitive, and only culturally appropriate tools should be used in vocational assessment. The goal of career counseling is to help clients make career choices that are culturally appropriate, rather than to try to have all clients make the same choices. Today, with the changes in the balance of ethnic representations in the United States, and a greater recognition of the changing needs of racial and ethnic minority members, it is generally agreed that counselors must be competent to work with a diverse population and effectively deliver vocational counseling services to racial and ethnic minorities."

Tags:minority, cross-culture, student, work

Abstract
The paper offers a review of three assessment instruments and/or techniques relevant to career planning and career decision making. These tools and/or techniques include the Multicultural Career Counseling Checklist (MCCC), the Values Card Sort Assessment Tool and the Interest Inventories Approach to Career Decision Making. The current study also examines the positive and negative aspects of each instrument and/or technique in terms of relevance to the group population of Blacks and Latinos.

From the Paper
"Career counselors provide a wide array of services to clients seeking help in choosing and/or advancing vocational paths. While the field of career counseling can be very challenging, counselors have many effective assessment tools and techniques available to them. The following discussion provides a review of three assessment instruments and/or techniques relevant to career planning and career decision making. These tools and/or techniques include the Multicultural Career Counseling Checklist (MCCC), the Values Card Sort Assessment Tool and the Interest..."

Tags:values card sort, interest inventories, multicultura

Abstract
The paper provides a literature review of career counseling of physically and mentally disabled individuals. The paper also discusses the types of programs that have been implemented and the outcomes of some of the programs. The review shows how career counseling and development for the physically disabled is vitally important in ensuring that these individuals are able to acquire and keep jobs. The paper concludes that programs in the United States have been relatively successful. However, researchers have found lower occurrences of employment amongst women and African Americans that are disabled and have participated in such programs.

Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Wadsworth et al (2004) explains that career development is essential to the promotion of a productive life for those with physical and mental disabilities. The authors also point out that most of the current research on the topic of career development for the disabled is focused on occupational choice instead of career development (Rumrill & Roessler, 1999; Wadsworth et al 2004). The authors explain that occupational choice concerns itself with a person's vocational decision at any point in time (Wadsworth et al 2004). On the other hand, career development is concerned with the sustained developmental process that integrates both personal and environmental information (Wadsworth et al 2004). In addition the authors assert that career development is a unique process that forces individuals to engage in the unending analysis, and combination of information about the workforce and self (Wadsworth et al 2004)."

Tags:physical, mental, rehabilitation, occupational

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that to be an effective career counselor, a counselor must address the psychological needs and desires of a prospective client, not simply prescribe a career based needupon the individual's education as it fits into the current job market. However, the writer also points out that theories of matching personalities to career paths, or using an individual's hobby to suggest what he or she really ought to be doing, is only helpful in answering the question of what one would like to do. While answering this question is undeniably an important part of a career counselor's task, an equally frequent issue that occurs in counseling is when a person does not feel able to do a particular job. The writer discusses treating issues related to a lack of self-efficacy. The writer concludes that the counselor must help the client unburden him or herself of specific concepts of a lack of self-efficacy related to career skills and goals--but there also must be a more general component of raising the client's self-esteem and efficacy that is essential to fully realize the individual's maximum potential in the workforce.

From the Paper
"Answering this question by empowering the client's self esteem requires a certain basic knowledge of the concept of self-efficacy, one of the core concepts developed from the larger psychological theory of attachment. Attachment theory was the brainchild of the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby who wished to explain the intense distress experienced by infants separated from their parents, even for a short time. Bowlby stated that this response was a necessary evolutionary mechanism to ensure that children were cared for by their parents, and that the separation between child and parent was taken seriously. Bowlby theorized that children who grew up in a household with accessible and attentive caregivers grew up feeling secure and became greater risk-takers and more sociable because their basic needs for secure attachment and attention were satisfied. A child without such an available caregiver who was forced to cry without being comforted developed a sense of learned helplessness, a low sense of self-efficacy or ability to affect the environment, and eventually may sank into despair and finally, depression as an adult. A person whose attachment needs was unsatisfied as a child may be highly avoidant of new tasks that may provoke anxiety, as well as fearful of others."

Tags:vocation, job, tasks, self-esteem, self-efficacy