Abstract
This paper uses the King, Neuman and Johnson model to describe and remedy pre-natal care giving.

Tags:nursing, models, professional

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts continuity of care and continuum of care and shows how each one may impact a patient's care. It gives descriptions of the different facets of continuity of care and continuum of care and how each is important to quality patient care.

From the Paper
"Continuity of care is defined as the continuation of care of a patient over time by multiple health care providers ..."

Tags:continuum of care, continuity of care, patient

Abstract
This essay is an analysis of various forms of literature that provide information on foster care in Canada. Using six sources as Literature Reviews, the writer creates a proposal on the subject. What the text is supposed to provide is a darker side (injustice, bureaucracy, insensitivity, discrimination) and a brighter side (family-centered reform, more parental training, etc.) to the discussion of foster care in Canada. This paper will review the many sides of the issue, and offer potential solutions from the literature.

Outline:
Review of Literature: Basic Numbers of Canadian Children in Foster Care
Review of Literature: Challenges Presently Facing the Foster Care System
Review of Literature: The Social-Emotional Dynamics of Foster Children
Review of Literature: Benefits of Giving Foster Parents Better Training
Review of Literature: Professionalizing Foster Care
Review of Literature: Kinship Care - Better Option than Foster Care?

From the Paper
"In general, children who were subjected to neglect were younger, and were more likely "...to have caregivers diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder" (Marquis, p. 6). Also, neglected children tended to have been placed in homes with higher rates of exposure to "spousal abuse" than children who had been maltreated (Marquis, p. 6). As for children who had been physically abused (maltreated), they displayed "greater difficulty during their foster care adjustment" and once they had been discharged from their care environment, neglected children "were more likely to be returned to the care of the agency" (Marquis, p. 6).
"As of the publishing of this research (2008), there were an estimated 76,183 children in foster care in Canada, Marquis explains (p. 7). That is a dramatic increase from 1999 (46,397 children in foster care) and from 1997 (36,080). Looking at Ontario, the province showed skyrocketing numbers of children in foster care: On March 31, 2003 there were an estimated 18,126 children in foster care, a 56% increase since five years earlier (March 31, 1998)."

Tags:canada, foster care, welfare, child welfare

Abstract
The paper discusses how, with many health care workers concerned with their own welfare and lifestyle which may obviously be limited in a rural or underserved community, it is truly up to a chosen few who can totally commit to primary care practice in these settings. The paper shows how characteristics of primary care, practice primary prevention and health maintenance counseling are attractive in the sense that it gives the participant a true sense of altruism.

From the Paper
"Another attractive characteristic of primary care, continuity of care, eliminates the frustration of attempting to establish a superficial rapport with the patient within such a short period of time. As a result, a solid therapeutic alliance is assured. Primary Care Practices in Medically Underserved Areas: A revival of trust in the health care system can only be achieved at the grassroots level."

Tags:primary, care, practices

Abstract
Many new mothers have deep concerns that returning to work shortly after giving birth and leaving their baby in a child care facility every day could have a detrimental effect on the baby's ability to recognize its mother. They have a tendency to believe that frequent contact with their baby is necessary in order for a mother-child bond to form, develop, and be maintained. Consequently, they wonder if child care is always bad for babies and young children.

From the Paper
Working Mothers and Child Care: An Analysis Many new mothers have deep concerns that returning to work shortly after giving birth and leaving their baby in a child care facility every day could have a detrimental effect on the baby's ability to recognize its mother. They have a tendency to believe that frequent contact with their baby is necessary in order for a mother-child bond to form, develop, and be maintained. Consequently, they wonder if child care is always bad for babies and young children.

Tags:child, attachment, issues

Abstract
In this patient care study, the author looks at a 62-year-old female with complaints of lower abdominal pain, with hematuria and dysuria. The patient lives at home with her husband. She has seven grown children as well as grandchildren and admits to financial concerns. The author describes the patient's full medical history and all the medical tests and treatments she has undergone prior to this study. The paper gives the results of an intravenous pyelogram, cystoscopy, and biopsy as reported in patient history and gives a full summary of all of the laboratory results. Based on the information given in the tests and the patient's history, the author concludes that the patient has type II diabetes. He suggests that she needs to work on her lifestyle in order for recurring problems not to happen.

Table of Contents
Patient History
Laboratory Tests
Other Nursing Measures
Nursing Process and Care Plan
Nursing Diagnoses
Discharge Summary
Summary

From the Paper
"An intravenous pyelogram produces an image of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder by administering a radiopaque contrast medium that is cleared from the bloodstream and concentrated by the kidneys. This part of the initial assessment of a suspected urologic problem provides a rough estimate of kidney infection. Pre-procedure nursing considerations include: assessment of patient for allergies, the use of laxatives for the elimination of feces and gases from the intestinal tract, liquid restriction 8 to 10 hours before test, and instructions concerning the procedure itself and sensations felt during the procedure. A cystoscopy is the direct visualization of the urethra and bladder using a cystoscope. Sedatives may be used prior to the procedure. A brush biopsy may be performed after a cystoscopic examination in order to obtain cells and surface tissue fragments for histologic analysis."

Tags:urine, pain, examination, arthritis, blood, diet, treatment, condition

Abstract
This paper explains that Canada does not provide child care allowing for the full employment of parents and, notably, working mothers who make up a large proportion of adults responsible for maintaining viable households. The author points out that the issues of childcare pertain not only to child poverty but also to matters that indicate the need for a national childcare directive. The paper relates that the 2007 Canadian Universal Child Care Benefit is a step forwards in aiding families with childcare expenses and promoting daycare expansion; however it does not promise practical help for families who are struggling. The author states that more poor Canadian mothers are moving to low income, ghettoized areas, which more often give access to subsidized child care facilities but at a price of exposure to crime and criminality.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Universality as Policy Defect
Who can Afford Childcare?
Assumptions to do with Mothers
'Working Class Child Care'
Observations of Social Welfare Research
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Critics note that Denmark's policy addresses a small territory and a population below 6 millions yet the model of compulsory facilities seems a fine starting place for what might occur in the Canadian provinces to follow the example of Quebec. In general, one wishes effort was made to explore examples around the world and the costs and benefits of programs encouraging the rise of daycare facilities, programs to make care affordable and all manner of bridges to help unemployed or low income parents to achieve both needed daycare and employment, along with affordable housing, towards a more constructive solution to socioeconomic problems than what is now seen in Canada."

Tags:deductibility, grandparents, breakdown, poverty, entrapment

Abstract
In "Giving Things Names", S.I. and Alan Hayakawa argue that the words that we use to classify things originate in our reactions to them, but that these classifications can also act to define our understanding. The paper explains how they carefully develop their thesis by using examples and move from the general to the specific in order to create a logical basis for their potentially controversial discussion of 'race', 'nationality', and classification.

From the Paper
"Hayakawa and Hayakawa take a number of carefully reasoned steps in order to develop their thesis. First, they use a relatively simple example to illustrate how things come to be named based upon what they mean to us. They give the example of a village where a number of animals live. These animals are either large or small, and have round or square heads, or curly or straight tails. One villager notices the small animals eat grain, and names these animals gogo. Another villager notes that the ones with square heads bite, and names these daba, while a third villager notes that the ones with curly tails kill snakes, and names these busa (paragraph 2). Here, each animal is named based on what it means to the person who named it."

Tags:race, nationality, classification

Abstract
This paper gives a brief history of managed care in the US, and discusses how the practice and the profession of nursing has changed with the growth of HMOs, PPOs, and other managed care organizations. Generally, this has meant a greater involvement with insurance liability, increased patient access (for the employed population), and increased nurse involvement in decision making. The paper also discusses differences between nurse and physician "culture" that have been brought to the fore in the managed care environment.

Abstract
The lack of affordable and high-quality day care has been acknowledged as a social problem ever since Congress placed day care on its agenda in the ?80s. The paper traces the steps of lobbyists who have tried to improve the situation for low-income families. The writer finally gives a proposed solution to try to alleviate the burdens on parents to work full-time in order to afford childcare.

From the Paper
"The lack of day care has affected increasing numbers of families because of changes in the economic and social system. The ?70s image of the white-picket fence family, where only the father works and the mother stays at home to take care of the children, has become obsolete (Ehrlich, 1986, p. 52). Instead, since the eighties, families have had to increase their total family income to keep up with the rising costs of living. Inflation-adjusted income in two-parent families has dropped 3.1% between 1973 and 1984 (Fernberg, 1988, p. 66). In fact, according to the March 1986 Harvard Business Review, 40% of the workforce consists of both parents working (Fernberg, 1988, p. 66)."

Tags:children, low-income, workforce, family, parents