Abstract This paper focuses on the care-giver burden of a patient who cannot afford to be taken care of because of lack of insurance or lack of funds in general. In the paper, care-giver burden is addressed using several articles concerning care-giver burden and three theorists; Martha E. Rogers, Imogene King, and Dorothy E. Johnson. Specifically, the approaches to this problem of the three theorists are discussed and a look at ways to use these approaches, the implications of these approaches, and their benefits are described.
Outline:
Client Concern
Three Approaches to the Concern
Ways that Approaches are Congruent
Ways of Using These Approaches in Practice
Implications for Using these Approaches in Practice
Three Benefits Gained from Using Nursing Models
From the Paper "King's theory lies in the clients' perception of self. This perception ranges from their body image to their own growth and development before and after surgery or during care-giver visits. As such, the crux of King's theory is that of communication. Her theory subsists of human beings as, "...open systems interacting with the environment" (Williams, Imogene King's Interacting Systems Theory, 2001). Throughout the relationship of nurses and clients communication is the key to better health. This occurs through the patient forming several relationships with different people around them; these include personal systems, interpersonal systems, and social systems. Thus, King's ultimate goal stated in the theory is goal attainment."
Tags: Martha, E., Rogers, Imogene, King, Dorothy, E., Johnson, nursing, clients, communication
Abstract This paper discusses how common the phenomenon of day care is for children in the Western world and stresses the importance of good quality day care. The writer examines different factors which determine what are indicators of quality day care - cleanliness, hygiene, nutritious food, high care-giver / child ratio, warmth and safety.
From the Paper "Some form of day care has become almost universal in our society. America is a nation of working parents whose children require the care of others while their mothers and fathers are away at their jobs. Some people are lucky ? they have close relatives, or trusted friends, who can watch their children. Others have family-conscious employers who provide on-site childcare. Most however, must look to the private-sector world of professional day care. There are a bewildering array of options available, some of them good, and some of them bad. Day care centers run the gamut from clean and child-friendly establishments staffed by well-trained childcare experts, to low-budget operations run purely for the "easy money" that they provide. The media is filled with stories of abusive caregivers, of squawking babies, and children running wild. We hear often of the permanent damage that such "care" produces. But this is only one side of the story: good day care can provide lifelong benefits. Conscientious caregivers can mold impressionable young minds, awaken intellectual curiosity, and provide the foundations of good character. Day care can be a wonderful and very positive factor in a child's life."
Abstract In this essay, the writer notes that the empowerment of nursing is a role or function that can only be addressed by deconstructing the daily lives of nurses. The writer points out that the relationship between nurse and client is a front line relationship - the nurse is the primary caregiver and the first medical person the client sees. The writer reviews different articles that take the profession of nursing and show how the need for interdependent relationships between nurse and nurse and nurse and client are imperative to attaining empowerment and powerful relationships. The writer maintains that education is the key to empowerment and building powerful relationships, as the more well-rounded a nurse is the better the nurse-client relationship and the nurse-nurse relationship. The writer concludes that the interdependent relationship of the nurse needing the patient and the patient needing the nurse is fundamental in the industry.
Outline:
Introduction
Article Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "The article concludes that patient advocacy is a major issue in current nursing situations. More and more nursing are finding power in stepping forward in what they consider to be the best interest of the patient - sometimes this is just making sure that the patient's wishes are being listened to and respected by the medical staff. The authors believe that true patient advocacy can only be realized when al 3 attributes listed above is present. Empowerment, power and powerlessness are the crux of nurse-patient relationships. The interdependent relationship between the three creates a shared balance of power between client and nurse and nurse and other medical staff."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of how day care settings affect a child's development has been studied by many child experts and psychologists. It looks at how diverse factors, such as the amount of time a child stays at day care, the behavioral tendencies of a child, the child's bonding with his parents, and the social and environment adaptation capability of a child, are being used as measures in examining whether or not day care causes negative effects to children. Research and studies on the effects of long-term day care still need to consider factors, such as the hereditary genes and the natural behavior of a child. Such factors, if applied, may provide more reliable results in determining whether negative behaviors of a child are actually caused by his long-term attendance in day care.
From the Paper "The emotional and psychological aspects of children are the critical issues in the effects of daycare, especially on those who attended long-term daycare at an age earlier than 5. Researches have shown that these factors in a child's development are weakened by lack of attachment and bonding from a primary environment that must consists of parents and family. The article Daycare describes two studies conducted by Janice Wallerstien (1995) and Karl Zinmeister (1998). Both studies indicate that even daycares with high quality of service are unable to provide the necessary attachment needed by a child in his childhood."
Tags: genes, parents, bond, environment, care, giver
Abstract This paper discusses what it means to be a caregiver to the elderly or the functionally and/or cognitively impaired. According to this paper, caregivers need to be available at times when day centres are not in operation.
From the Paper "Care giving is a term that encompasses a broad range of activities. Care giving is a term often applied to taking care of the elderly. If you were a caregiver, what would be the three most important services/resources your use and why? As a caregiver I would like to have different types of services or resources available. These resources make a difference in care giving. Some of these services are: Adult Day Services Adult day services are community-based group programs designed to meet the needs of functionally and/or cognitively impaired adults through an individual plan of care. These structured, comprehensive programs provide a variety of health, social, and other related support services in a protective setting during any part of a day, but less than 24-hour care. Adult day centers generally operate programs during normal business hours five days a week."
Abstract This paper investigates the abuse of the frail elderly by family caregivers. The objectives of the proposed research study were to gain insights into factors implicated in the development and perpetuation of such abuse, identify those causal factors that may be amenable to intervention, and recommend policies and programs, where applicable, to reduce the incidence of such abuse.
From the Paper "The increasing awareness that some elderly persons are physically abused and neglected by family members has been accompanied by a widespread assumption about elder abuse: that it is inflicted by well meaning individuals, often the adult children of victims, who are pushed over the edge by the stress of caring for a frail, dependent old person. According to Pillemer & Finkelhor (1989), the falsity of that assumption was revealed by findings that relatively well-functioning elderly people were found to usually be the victims of abuse, which is often inflicted by emotionally disturbed or violent family members. A typical abuser was found to be a person who depends on the victim for money, transportation, housing and household repairs. Elderly victims were no more disabled or dependent on their abusers than were comparison subjects on their relatives. Abusers, however, were much more likely than relatives in the comparison group to have been arrested, hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder, involved in violent behavior outside the family, or limited by a physical problem (Pillemer & Finkelhor, 1989). The generalizations of these findings has been challenged by more recent studies (Saad, Hartman, Kurian, Graham, Wilcock, & Ballard, 1995)."
Abstract This paper analyzes various articles available on the use of restraints in patient care and examines the validity of the reasons provided for use by critiquing the values presented through the arguments strength and weaknesses.
Abstract The paper explains that Jack Weatherford began to examine the history of the Native American as he discovered that many agricultural products would not have been produced in farming without the knowledge that Indians gave those in the new world. The paper describes how Weatherford further stipulates that it is through these advances in agriculture that the United States has remained a strong contender in the global market ,and that without the influences of the Native Americans on the early settlers those new to America would not have survived. The paper analyzes how, through his work, "Indian Givers: How Indians of the Americas Transformed the World", Volume I, Weatherford brings an insight to a people that most individuals have been negligent in understanding. The paper concludes that it is Weatherford's purpose to demonstrate that Native Americans have been a misrepresented and forgotten people when the history of North America is discussed.
Abstract This paper describes and discusses the concept of self care in the health sector. It provides a history of self care in nursing practice and discusses its importance. The paper then discusses the importance of knowledge and education for self care and looks at the process of gaining information. The paper also looks at barriers to self care. Finally, the paper presents a case study that discusses the issues relating to self care and the role of the nurse.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to the Concept of Self Care Definition
Description
History of Self Care Self Care in Nursing Practice
Self Care in Education
Self Care in Research
Self Care in the Future
The Importance of Self Care Philosophical and Theoretical Application of Self Care Self Care Deficit Theory of Nursing
Self Care and the Nurse-Patient Relationship
Barriers to Self Care Case Example
From the Paper "The role of the nurse in this situation would be to design a plan for self care which addresses the current self care deficits. For example in this situation, the plan may include education from a specialist into ways in which Claudia can more effectively self manage her diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. This may contribute significantly to reducing the self care deficit and may allow Claudia to fully participate in self care individually. However this may not fully address the deficit, so the involvement of Claudia's family may also be included in the plan. This may involve providing education to the family with regards to helping Claudia in monitoring her diabetes, or may involve discussion about actions which could be taken by Claudia's family to extend their participation in self care. In this instance, Claudia requires only a supportive educative agency, although the situation would need to be monitored as the requirement may change in the future to a partly or wholly compensatory nursing system should the self care deficit increase for any reason (Kumar, 2007)."
Tags: health care provider, functioning responsibility
Abstract This paper, based in sociological and social psychology concepts, identifies the causal factors for the gap between lower-income Americans and members of visible minorities in the United States and more affluent Americans and members of the majority segment of the population with respect to health care access. The author concludes, after an extensive review of the literature, that a universal system of health care entitlement is required in the United States. The author suggests that an extensive education is required for low-income persons and members of visible minorities to know the benefits and function of health care services, and health care providers require education in the social mores of the diverse populations they must serve.
Table of Contents
Problem Delineation
Background on the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Review of Relevant Social Psychology Theory and Literature
Introduction
Sociological Theory and Health Care The Welfare State
Accessing Contemporary Health Care Role of Ethics in Accessing Health Care Alternative Health Care Delivery Systems
Chapter Conclusions
Social Functioning of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
HIV/AIDS Related Behavior
Initiatives to Improve Health Care Access and Behaviors
The American Health Care System and The Health Care Experiences of Low-Income and Visible Minority Population Groups
Introduction
The American Health Care System
Delivery of Health Care to the Poor
Care Quality
Alternative Approaches to Delivery
Bioethical Issues
Problems of Accessibility
Initiatives to Improve Access
Chapter Conclusions
Assessment of the Problem
Discussion
Recommendations for Further Research
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper "One of the major impediments to the attainment of universal access to healthcare in the United States is the functioning of for-profit Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and managed care organizations (MCOs). These organizations are investor-owned organizations that are in business to make a profit on healthcare delivery. Non-for-profit healthcare organizations also must earn a profit on their operations in order to be able to compensate and train staff, acquire new technology, and generally improve the quality of their services. Unlike investor-owned healthcare companies, however, non-for-profit organizations are not driven by share prices and the bottom-line mentality of for-profit companies. Thus, patient-centered care in not-for-profit healthcare organizations may be contrasted with the investor orientation of the for-profit healthcare companies. Recent decisions by for-profit healthcare companies to drop their Medicare healthcare groups because of substandard profit growth illustrates as no amount of rhetoric can the precedent of investor concerns over patient concerns in the for-profit healthcare companies."
Abstract This paper examines the American health care system and suggests methods of creating universal access to health care. The paper explains that health care should be considered a right for all citizens; a constitutional amendment would make this proposition mandatory. The paper points out that, at its root, the lack of health care for all in America is fundamentally a moral issue. The paper suggests that the United States follow its industrialized, wealthy counterparts and demand universal health care. It explains that the desire for universal health care is apparent and cites examples of states which are implementing a near-universal health care system. The writer proposes that the U.S. pass the United States National Health Insurance Act, or the Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act. The writer further explains that this act establishes the United States National Health Insurance (USNHI) Program to provide all individuals residing in the United States and in U.S. territories with free health care, including all medically necessary care, such as primary care and prevention, prescription drugs, emergency care, and mental health services.
Outline:
Universal Healthcare in Other Countries
United States National Health Insurance Act
The Uninsured: College Students
Children's Health Care Preventative Health Care Eliminating Disparities
Conclusion
From the Paper "More health care clinics geared toward minority populations could also be beneficial; citizens would feel more comfortable in settings that recognize their specific needs. Cultural and linguistic competence is mandatory. More classes in medical school concerning minority health care issues should be implemented. More minority members should be in the health care system. This would increase patient participation in care processes, ensuring grater satisfaction and adherence to treatment. The regulations in the system should be transparent and open to the public. A department in the government should be primarily focused on minority health care. The heath care system should be as diverse as our country."
Tags: primary, care, prescription, drugs, emergency, care, mental, health, services
Abstract This paper analyzes the Jean Watson theory of human caring, used in the nursing curriculum. The paper explains that, according to Watson, the theory of human caring is a focus for the future of nursing practice and provides the standards that should guide nurses in every aspect of their role in the health care field. The paper looks at how, as time has evolved, the issues with which nurses have been confronted have caused a shift in the approach to nursing that is based on quality care. The paper then points out that, although Watson is specific as to the realm of caring that can be applied to nursing and the delivery of service to the patient, it is evident that Watson intended for the caring perspective to be apparent in every facet of nursing and used to understand all issues that affected the individual's health and well being. In conclusion, the paper shows that the theory of human caring should be a vital instrument for all nursing professionals and students, serving nursing through a foundation for care that returns the profession to a focus specifically on the patient and quality care.
Outline:
Define Theory of Human Caring.
Analyze the Jean Watson Theory of Human Caring.
Use of Jean Watson Theory of Human Caring Use in Guiding All Nursing Programs.
Applicability of Jean Watson Theory of Human Caring to Undergraduate Level Nursing Practice.
Applicability of Jean Watson Theory of Human Caring to Graduate Level Nursing Practice.
Conclusion
From the Paper "To care for the complete human means to care for each element of the individual's life that is either positively or negatively impacting him or her. Treating the illness without considering the psychological issues that may be evident will slow recovery time and may hinder the effectiveness of the treatment. Recommending treatments that are not feasible in the life of an impoverished individual or that the person cannot be transported to, will prevent the complete recovery of the person. And advocating surgery for a patient that elects only to utilize Chinese Traditional Medicine for the health care needs, prevents the patient from receiving care that is applicable to the individual's life."
Tags: health, care, needs, patient, surgery, medicine
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts continuity of care and continuum of care and shows how each one may impact a patient's care. It gives descriptions of the different facets of continuity of care and continuum of care and how each is important to quality patient care.
From the Paper "Continuity of care is defined as the continuation of care of a patient over time by multiple health care providers ..."
Tags: continuum of care, continuity of care, patient
Abstract The author of this paper reviews professional literature relating to hospice care workers and the occurrence of work burn out. The author postulates that the hospice care field is one that is young in the medical field, as well as one that currently employs a small percentage of nurses within the nation. The author further contends that when hospice care nurses decide to leave hospice care to either change professions or work in another area of health care altogether, the impact on the hospice is detrimental to the success of the hospice program. The author states that examining the research to determine the causes of job burnout for hospice care nurses is important to develop an understanding of what needs to change in health care in order to retain nurses as valuable members to the hospice health care team.
From the Paper "Munley (1993) developed a book that was the result of two types of study in relation to hospice care. Munley (1993) focused on both the micro world of hospice care and the macro world of hospice. According to Munley (1993) the micro world is associated with the immediate participant's involvement with hospice, while the macro world is the full scope of hospice that is viewed within society (p. 13). Munley(1993) states that one world is consistently impacting the other to create a hospice care system that impacts the type of care that patients and their caregivers come to know (p. 13). In order to examine the micro view of hospice Munley 1993) used direct observation of patients and their caregivers in health care facilities in periods ranging from one to six months. Munley (1993) stated that "The information on the macro-world of hospice was gleaned from reading, research, attendance at hospice meetings, and interviews with people involved in the hospice movement" (p. 13)."
Tags: hospice, care, health, medical, nursing, patients, family, profession, caregivers, die, human, rights
Abstract This is an investigative report on the effects of managed care on the quality of health care. Managed care is a belief that a health care system should work to keep people healthy. However, when people are sick or injured, the health care plan should work to assure the right treatment in the right setting by the right person. There are various forms of managed care.
