Abstract This paper asks the questions 'what do the characters of Odysseus, Joseph, and Gilgamesh have in common? How do their adventures compare with one another?' While Joseph is a Bible character, Odysseus was the king of Ithaca, and Gilgamesh built the city of Uruk. This paper then compares the stories of Odysseus, Joseph, and Gilgamesh, pointing out many similarities in their adventures, trials, and victories.
From the Paper "Joseph is a Bible character, Odysseus was the king of Ithaca, and Gilgamesh built the city of Uruk. Odysseus is remembered for building the wooden horse that made it possible to take Troy. Joseph is remembered for the coat of many colors. Gilgamesh was two-thirds god and only one-third human (Hooker). Comparing the stories of Odysseus, Joseph, and Gilgamesh show many similarities in their adventures, trials, and victories."
Abstract This paper examines the life of Thomas Cardinal Wolsey (1475-1530) who was the Lord Chancellor to King Henry VIII. It provides a brief outline of his life from his childhood, education, rise in the church and finally to his position under the King. It looks at how Wolsey was treated as a trusted and capable, if ambitious, man who carried out the King's will but often did so in ways that he devised himself and not infrequently, developed strategies of his own that were sanctioned by the King. It analyzes whether Wolsey's eventual disgrace and fall and Henry's willingness to treat him as a scapegoat merit the term pawn and how Wolsey's status as his own man, rather than a pawn of the King, must be judged in terms of what he wished to accomplish rather than by current standards.
From the Paper "Wolsey was the son of a prosperous grazier and his brilliance secured him a place at Magdalene College Oxford. He was ordained in 1498 and began his relatively slow climb to eminence by serving various influential men until, in 1507, he became chaplain to Henry VII and, in 1509, was appointed almoner and counselor to Henry VIII. From that point on Wolsey's rise proceeded at great speed--in both the ecclesiastical and secular realms. In 1514 he was appointed archbishop of York and in 1515 he was elevated to cardinal and to Lord Chancellor. Wolsey always coveted the position of archbishop of Canterbury, who was usually the effective head of the English church since the only other archbishopric in England, York, took in only the impoverished northern reaches. Gaining the cardinal's hat helped him achieve greater prominence in the church but it was not until, in 1518, Wolsey achieved the unusual status of papal legate (legatus a latere), or papal viceroy, that the cardinal became "as supreme over the English Church as Henry's favor made him over the English state" (Bindoff 83)."
Abstract This paper discusses the historicity of the Biblical story of Joseph and whether it can be placed in the second intermediate Hyksos period (c. 1650-1550 BC). The author describes what is known about the Hyksos peple from written sources and archaeological excavations, and explains why researchers have claimed that the Joseph narrative can be made to fit in this period. The author goes on to show that on a textual basis, there is a growing inconsistency between the Joseph narrative, which contains elements which point strongly to a 7th or 6th century composition date, and the Hyksos period. Further, sufficient archaeological evidence has been presented to suggest, with reservation, a 12th dynasty date for the narrative should the late-dated Joseph narrative and its plausible historic context be discovered.
Outline:
Introduction
'Men of Obscure Birth from the East'
The Joseph Narrative
Excavations at Avaris, Tell el-Dab'a
Does Joseph Belong?
From the Paper "This paper agrees with two of Redford's principle assertions. First, that the Joseph narrative should be treated as a separate entity within the larger patriarchal narrative. Second, that Joseph was compiled in the 7th or 6th centuries BC. It diverges from Redford in questioning whether the narrative should be considered purely fictitious, in light of certain evidence both textual and physical, and that a degree of historicity does exist within the narrative. This paper's primary function, however, is to show whether the Joseph narrative can be placed in the Hyksos period, namely the Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650-1550 BC)."
Abstract This in-depth paper discusses the rise to power of Governor Joseph E. Brown of Georgia during the Antebellum Period (1840-1860) in American History. It argues that Brown's rise was based on his support for states' rights, his common man roots and popularity. The paper describes that his power was a championship of the common Georgian causes, slavery, and a division within the Democratic Party. It equates Brown's success with the fact that he was a true Georgian and never dealt with national politics. The paper concludes that Brown used his power as Governor to lead Georgia out of the Union, when most Georgians wanted to remain in the Union.
Table of Contents:
State Senator Joseph E. Brown and His Common Man Roots: 1849-1851
The Georgia Democratic State Convention of 1857
Governor Joseph E. Brown and the March to War: 1857-1860
The Election of Lincoln and the Georgia Convention on Secession: 1860-1861
The Georgian Joseph E. Brown: Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper "A defining moment in American history was the cannon shot that could be heard across the country. At 4:30 in the morning on April 12, 1861, Confederate General Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard (b. 1818 ? d. 1893), under the orders of Confederate President Jefferson Davis (b. 1808 ? d. 1889), opened fire on the besieged Fort Sumter in the Charleston, South Carolina, harbor, starting the American Civil War (1861-1865). The following day, Georgia Governor Joseph Emerson Brown (b. 1821 ? d. 1894) received a telegram from the newly appointed Confederate Secretary of War, Leroy P. Walker (b. 1817 ? d. 1884), informing Brown of the events in South Carolina. Walker wrote, ?I must beg you at once without more delay to furnish my requisition for troops of March 9th. . . I trust you will concur with me in the opinion that the emergency of the case demands instant action.? As Governor Brown read this letter he must have felt apprehensive. On the previous January 19th, using his power and popularity, Brown had lead Georgia out of the Union during a state convention, but now the first shots of a rebellion had been fired. This Southern Rebellion would surely lead to the creation of an independent Confederated States of America. At this point Brown must choose between the protection of Georgia and the protection of the newly born Confederate States of America. Brown quickly began writing his response to Secretary Walker."
Abstract This paper discusses the history of the story of Joseph Andrews, which is important to the text as a whole as it provides a focus on the context of one episode of the story with greater detail. 'Joseph Andrews' was written by Fielding as a response to the Samuel Richardson novel 'Pamela'. Within the Richardson novel, the character of Pamela was a housemaid that had endured advancements of her master that were unwarranted. The character insisted on being treated with respect because of her virtue and ultimately was capable of achieving that end. The paper further discusses how when Fielding composed 'Joseph Andrews' he created the title character that was the brother of Pamela, and that was forced to withstand many of the same issues within his life that his "sister" had experienced. The advances of women in Andrews' case are created by Fielding with a comic sense that reappears again in the storyline.
This paper discusses the role that images of nature play in three novels of clashing cultures: Tayeb Salih's 'Seasons of Migrations to the North', David Malouf's 'Remembering Babylon', and Joseph Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness'.
Abstract This essay discusses the following three novels: Tayeb Salih's 'Seasons of Migrations to the North', David Malouf's 'Remembering Babylon', and Joseph Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness' . All of these novels reveal the shadow side of the human soul, the dark, forbidden side that most of us don?t want to admit exists and show how it manifests in relationship to the unknown. When humans come into contact with something other than that which they know well, they often react out of fear which springs from the depths of their own hidden inner selves. Joseph Conrad's The Heart of Darkness is the classic on this theme to which the other two are compared. In these novels human life is represented as a duality hovering between light and darkness. All three writers use nature extensively to symbolize this duality. In these books most often nature is evil and dark, though now and then we catch a glimpse of beauty and light.
From the Paper "This study will explore the role that images of nature play in three novels of cultural conflict. Tayeb Salih's Seasons of Migrations to the North, and David Malouf's Remembering Babylon, will be discussed using Conrad's Heart of Darkness as the standard by which all such works are measured.In addition to being about clashing cultures, these novels are about the shadow side of the human soul, the dark, forbidden side that most of us don?t want to admit exists and how it manifests in relationship to the unknown. When humans come into contact with something other than that which they know well, they often react out of fear which springs from the depths of their own hidden inner selves. Joseph Conrad's The Heart of Darkness is the classic on this theme. In these novels human life is represented as a duality hovering between light and darkness. All three writers use nature extensively to symbolize this duality. In these books most often nature is evil and dark, though now and then we catch a glimpse of beauty and light."
Abstract This is an overall positive review of Herman's book on Joseph McCarthy. The paper sides with Herman's view that McCarthy was accurate in his perception of a communist threat to America and that his anti-communist investigations were right on target. Also agreed upon is the suggestion that the real problem with Joseph McCarthy was with the man himself and his tactics, not with his fears of the threat posed by Communism. The paper also points out some of the shortcomings of the book and, in particular, mentions the way Herman brushes off the ruin McCarthy brought to so many innocent lives.
From the Paper "Arthur Herman's book, Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator provides us with a different view of the man who is remembered as an unscrupulous, self-serving, and hypocritical man who recklessly destroyed people's reputations and lives through his unfounded anticommunist witch hunting. Arthur Herman's re-examination of the McCarthy legacy shows that, in retrospect, his disgrace came at a certain price to historical truth. His concept of modern politics and what drove him to his unethical practices remains both unexplored and unexplained."
Tags: red, scare, accusations, traitors, spies, 1950s, anti-communist, crusade, senator
Abstract This paper examines the primarily Catholic holiday of St. Joseph's Table. The paper describes the various customs involved in celebrating this day and elaborates on them, stipulating the customs that are unique to different communities. The history of St. Joseph's Table is presented in the paper, including its introduction to the United States in the late 19th century.
From the Paper "St. Joseph is also honored as the patron saint of the poor and desperate and it is in this role we find the custom of St. Joseph's Table, which is an elaborate, meatless and literal feast. St. Joseph, in his many protector roles, is primarily honored in ethnic groups which follow Catholicism, although his day, March 19th is also recognized in the liturgical calendar of the Episcopalian church. The groups that celebrate with a St. Joseph's Table include Sicilians, Italians, in general, Poles and occasionally Irish. Apparently, just being Catholic doesn?t necessarily include following the tradition of St. Joseph's Table."
Abstract This paper, which focuses primarily on how Henry Fielding depicts English society in the 18th century in his novel "Joseph Andrews", is broken up into four parts, beginning with a look at the author and the context of the book - political, social and religious. The second part of the book has to do with Joseph Andrews in relation to other texts of the period. The third part is entirely focused on Fielding's moral society and the fourth takes into consideration the problem of language as related to society.
Author and Society: Reading Beyond the Text
The Prism or the Mirror: Depicting 18th Century Society
Fielding's Moral Society
Language and Society
From the Paper "Joseph Andrews not only provides a broad panorama of 18th-century English society but it also reveals the specific viewpoint and personal involvement of its author. It is often said that what prompted its writing was a reaction of "amused exasperation" at the astounding Pamela fashion. This is certainly true but the circumstances of the composition of Joseph Andrews are more complex and reach further back in time. The issues, people, and events affecting the author's private, social and intellectual life during the period moulded his vision of reality into a broader outlook that was to influence his literary taste. It would become proper to the majority of his writings. For example, Fielding's pronouncements on political, religious, or social matters would often be inspired by his own involvement in party politics, by his allegiance to some Latitudinarian or other and even by hopes of personal reward. Fielding and his characters refer to a host of actual people of every possible description - highwaymen, freethinkers, preachers, playwrights, poets, actors, and peers. Those are people the author might have met, or heard of, or read. They are the people he opposed, condemned, hated, defended, approved of, or loved. To understand how English society is represented in Joseph Andrews, it is crucial to read beyond the text in order to find the reasons for the author's attitude."
Abstract In "Joseph Andrews", Henry Fielding offers a satiric description of the society he lives in. This paper describes the different aspects of English society seen from Fielding's eyes. It looks at how the narrator, through the adventures of Joseph Andrews and Abraham Adams, gives a description of eighteenth century English society and its habits with its strong belief in appearances, wealth and power. It also discusses how the protagonists enter this world with their prejudices of charity and kindness and how their innocence and virtue do not predispose them to face a rough, materialist and individualist society.
Outline:
Introduction
First Part
Second Part
Third Part
Conclusion
From the Paper "The impact of appearance is also greatly demonstrated in the Lady's story in book I chapter 4. The history of Leonora is significant of the omnipotence of physicality in society. Leonora is said to have all that she could desire - fortune, a devoted lover - and she throw it all away for appearances. The apparition of the coach and six is eye-catching and Bellarmine's dress in a French fashion can but attract her passion. The minute description of his clothes - his "cut-velvet coat of a cinnamon colour", with "a pink satten", "gold" - shows the attractiveness of the man and the good reputation that follows him - certainly everywhere. Then, although Leonora had refused to dance with any of the men, she accepts to dance with Bellarmine and actually falls in love with him. But the brightness of these clothes hides the darkness of his heart and the man Leonora thought to be a gentleman finally flies away. "
Abstract This paper describes the atrocities committed in the Congo Free State and further compares how they were represented in two works of literature: Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" and "Adam Hochschild's "King Leopold's Ghost". The author explores how, although Joseph Conrad and Adam Hochschild both deal with the violent imperialism of the Congo, they also have different understandings and perspectives on its historic impact. The brutal rule of King Leopold of Belgium over the Congo is described in both works. The author concludes that Conrad and Hochschild both agree that the Congo Free State was a primary example of the horrors of colonization.
From the Paper " The Congo Free State was a private colony owned by the King of Belgium King Leopold 1st. Known historically as a place of brutal repression and exploitation of Africans by Europeans seeking personal motivations of greed, it is depicted by both Hochschild and Conrad. King Leopold killed many of the native people that were not only treated as slaves, but brutally in a way that was far worse than other instances of slavery. King Leopold went to great lengths to colonize the colony and use explorers for his own personal gain. King Leopold lied to the world convincing them he would give power to the native people and treat them well and better than other European nations, but instead turned to colonial notions in order to maximize profitability and take advantage of his holdings. Thus sets the stage for the portrayal of the dehumanizing impact of colonization and imperialism."
Abstract This paper describes the religious reform undertaken by Joseph II and explains his motives for carrying out that reform. It also evaluate how successful his reform was and what obstacles prevented the complete realization of the reform. In addition, the paper discusses historical evidence indicates that Joseph's reforms were a waste of time and that there was no difference in the secular and religious structures from when the reforms were first started.
Outline:
Introduction
The Reforms
Effects
Motives
Evaluation and Obstacles to Realization
From the Paper "Joseph was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790, and he ruled over the Hapsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the oldest son of the empress Maria Theresa, and was one of the enlightened monarchs. The great influences on Joseph II's education and thinking were the writings of Voltaire, the Encyclopedists, and the example of Frederick the Great. However, he used autocratic and arbitrary methods to get what he wanted (Black 255). Joseph came to strongly believe in the idea of religious toleration and believed it was important to reduce the power of the church over the people. "
Abstract This paper looks at the life and legacy of Joseph Fourier, a French mathematician who flourished in the early 1800s. The writer explains that he studied math with many great mathematicians including Gaspard Monge, Joseph Louis Lagrange, and Pierre-Simon Laplace. Fourier was also a member of Napoleon Bonaparte's army, but he is best known for developing his analytical theory of heat. From these studies the Fourier series as well as the Fourier analysis came to be named after him. Fourier is also credited with the discovery of the greenhouse effect, as he was the first to come up with the idea that gases in the atmosphere may increase the surface temperature of the Earth. This paper contains figures and mathematical formulas.
From the Paper "Shortly after Joseph Fourier attended Ecole Normale Superieure as a student he began teaching once again. He began his teachings at the College de France and the whole time he was teaching there he remained in contact with Lagrange, Laplace and Monge. Because of Fourier's contact with Monge he was given a position as a lecturer at the Ecole Centrale des Travaux Publiques where Monge was one of the main professors alongside Lazare Carnot. The Ecole Centrale des Travaux Publiques was renamed as Ecole Polytechnique shortly after Fourier began lecturing there. After a couple of years lecturing on subjects that included calculus, statistics, statics, hydrostatics, dynamics and probability, Fourier was given the opportunity to be the chair of analysis and mechanics."
Abstract This paper is an analysis of Joseph Heller's anti-war novel, "Catch-22". It begins with a look at the character of the anti-hero Yossarian. Characters are looked at in relation to the novel's themes of power and greed, as well as profit. The use of satire is examined. The paper concludes with the writer's view of what Heller was trying to say in his novel.
From the Paper "Catch-22 is a novel that entirely takes place at war. Even though the book is filled with comedy, it describes the physical and emotional pain of war. The novel shows us how people are changed by war and how their focuses are changed through different experiences. Catch ? 22 breaks the rules of a standard anti ? war novel, which shocks this statement into the reader. Through different and sudden time changes, the reader is almost tricked to laugh at certain situations that later are revealed to be quite serious and emotional. The reader doesn?t realize what they are laughing at until the novel is completed and Heller's true vision is revealed. Catch ? 22 is an ?alternative, requiring not only a high order of poetic vision but also a willingness to shock, to challenge, to spit in your audience's eye, is what goes currently under the label of the Absurd. This encompasses farce, gibberish, surrealism and even that sub-branch of show-business called "sick humour".? There are many themes in the novel, which frame the anti-war theme. Greed for power and money and the corruption of soldiers in the novel all tell us how evil war really is. Heller uses satire in order to get the point across from a rather comedic standpoint."
Abstract This paper examines how Joseph Smith Jr., a noble saint during the 1800's, fits the definition of an Ancient Greek hero who was characterized as savior with great strength and an extraordinary destiny and quest.
From the Paper "One hears great stories of noble saints, yet when was the last time someone said that a saint was a great hero, let alone one who fit the Greek's definition of a hero? Joseph Smith Jr., the founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, embodies every aspect of the Greek heroic pattern: mainly his curious destiny, his marvelous quest, and the tragic fact that he did not receive any rewards. Joseph Smith Jr. was born December 23, 1803, in Sharon, Windsor County, Vermont. Even as a child, he had the strength of a hero. His mother once wrote: ? . . . an epidemic of typhus fever passed over the land and all the Smith children were sorely afflicted? (Smith, 29). Joseph suffered from necrosis of the bone. A team of doctors suggested a new operation, (only removing infected areas of the bone,) instead of amputation. During that operation, Joseph refused to take any liquor or be tied to the bed. He desired his free will, and his family believed it was wrong to drink. This is an instance of his great strength, even in times of discomfort. Later in his life while boarding in the home of a Mr. Isaac Hale, Joseph met and fell in love with his daughter Emma. They were wed January 18, 1827, by Squire Tarbill, in South Bainbridge, New York."
