From the Paper
"Car Safety
Introduction
The intent in this paper is to discuss some of the current safety features of automobiles. Some of these are standards, such as safety belts, while others are on the leading edge of electronic technology.

Customary Features
Some of the features that people have become accustomed to having on their cars are some of the most useful in enhancing safety. For example, seat belts are probably the single most useful safety feature, as long as they are used. Features that were innovative in their time, like seat belts, and air bags, have played a substantial part in lowering death rates from such things ..."

Abstract
This paper posits that seat-belts must be mandatory on all school buses because they reduce the risk of injury or death, car safety rules must be consistent and there is no valid opposition for this rule. It argues that seat-belts have been proven effective in increasing safety through many years of use in automobiles and laboratory tests have additionally shown them to be safe in school buses. Without seat-belts on school buses, children will be less likely to always buckle up in their cars too. Finally, the paper concludes that the opposition simply does not have grounds for disputing mandatory seat belts on buses because the safety of our children must be the first priority.

From the Paper
"Thirty years ago, there were not laws regulating child safety seats in cars, nor would any vehicle produced at that time pass today's rigorous safety standards; obviously, modern technology and knowledge is meant to overcome the safety faux-pas of decades past to create a safer, healthier environment for children. Would any parent today feel comfortable handing their child a mercury-filled thermometer or Happy Meal toy? The answer is no, and this is evidence that yesterday's safety standards are not applicable to child safety today. Another argument against seat-belts is that some kinds of belts may cause more harm than good in case of an accident. The solution to this critique is simple: only install the seat-belt designs that would actually protect passengers in case of an accident. It is well documented which kinds of seat belts (like lap-only belts) are potentially harmful, and which ones are safe."

Tags:car, accident, life, saving, buckle

Abstract
In this essay, the writer provides summaries of three articles that discuss car seat safety for children as it pertains to nursing.

From the Paper
"Coyle, Welsh and McMullen investigated the need for a community program focused on the correct installation and use of child restraints in automobiles and the education of parents and caretakers. They then implemented a program to develop a checkpoint system which would provide an oversight for installing child car seats instruction to parents who were unsure of proper procedures and evaluation of the efficacy of seat installation processes ..."

Tags:car seat safety, children, nursing

Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal that discusses driver safety training programs. Specifically, the paper questions whether truck driver safety training programs provide a lower number of accidents due to higher compliance with safety standards. It looks at the importance of studying current statistics with regards to truck driver safety and whether tighter driving restrictions would affect them.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Question
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Literature Review
Introduction
Variables
Review of Literature
Methodology
Research Design
Population and Sample
Data Analysis

From the Paper
"Drunk drivers are certainly serious, and there is no question that they should be removed from the roadways. The argument, however, is that training does not really have much to do with whether these people will drive drunk the first time, and whether they will do it again after they have been caught and 'trained' not to do it again . The same is true with very young drivers . Most of them are required to have a driver's training course before they can get their license, but they also often ignore many of the rules of the road after they receive that license, suggesting that these programs might not really be effective in helping to ensure that younger drivers are safe and that their accident rates are lowered . Much of this is not from the failure of the course itself, but from failure of compliance with the course."

Tags:road, license, compliance, car, restritions

Abstract
This paper shall provide a summary of the relevant information on the ethical dilemma of car seat safety for small children and infants. This ethical dilemma occurs when the parent or guardian needs to decide whether the child would be safer in the backseat than in the front, or whether the child should graduate to a lap belt according to state law before the child is of a substantial body mass for seat belt safety.

Abstract
This paper discusses in detail the safety of the Suburban Utility Vehicle (or SUV). The author uses the science of physics and engineering and the relationship between a car's relative mass and center of gravity to understand to understand the problems. The author states that increasing the track width is the only way to make the vehicles more stable but that may modify the appearance of the car.

From the Paper
"What can be done to remedy these concerns over the Wrangler's design? To answer this question, one must do more than simply understand more about the safety features of this particular vehicle or of SUVs in general. One must turn to the science of physics and engineering and the relationship between a car's relative mass and center of gravity to understand what the risks are for each vehicle and how best to potentially remedy those risk. Or, to put the question in another way, if Einstein were an auto mechanic, what type of Jeep Wrangler would he like to be riding in? How might he modify the vehicle's design?"

Tags:roll, over, jeep, wrangler, design, mass, balance, centering, force, stability, off, road, wheel, articulation, rollover, suspension, systems, skid, prevention

Abstract
This paper explains that, on the whole, Japanese automakers have the edge over their European counterparts. The author points out that the primary reasons are that Japanese cars are typically considered to be safer and much more reliable than European cars, which are paramount criteria when purchasing a car. The paper relates that Japanese cars can be quite affordable in terms of start-up fees and insurance costs. The author stresses that the Japanese cars, depending on the brand, also score high in performance and environmental friendliness. The paper concludes that Japanese subcompact cars are typically cheap, reliable, comfortable, environmentally friendly and highly fuel efficient.

Table of Contents:
General Framework
Environmental Friendliness
European Cars
Japanese Cars
Performance
European Cars
Japanese Cars
Reliability and Safety
European Cars
Japanese Cars
Costs
European Cars
Japanese cars
A Specific Focus

From the Paper
"Japanese car makers also agreed to the same CO2 emission decrease as specified by the European Union-Kyoto Protocol arrangement and, like the European cars, are not in-line to reach their target. Japanese brands performed poorly across the board under the T&E investigation. Three of the worst performing cars out of tested popular brands were Japanese: the Nissan, Suzuki and the Mazda (only 20%, 22% and 27% of the CO2 emission reduction target achieved, respectively). Arguably, the biggest Japanese brand name, Toyota, poorly scored seventh on the survey, reaching 76% of the target. However, other research shows that Japanese cars may be "greener" than the T&E research indicates."

Tags:subcompact, prius, green, toyota, insurance

Abstract
In this article, the writer defines and describes organizational culture driven by safety within a healthcare organization and the role of a blame-free environment within the organization used to promote safe and effective clinical care outcomes. The writer points out that with medical errors as the eighth leading cause of death in the United States--causing more deaths than breast cancer, car accidents or AIDS--healthcare leaders are looking for the right approach to the challenge of patient safety. The writer explains that a safety culture can be defined as the set of values, beliefs, and norms about what is important, how to behave, and what attitudes are appropriate when it comes to patient safety in a healthcare environment. The writer concludes that to reduce the occurrence of healthcare errors, an environment that fosters information sharing and interdisciplinary root cause analyses - not one of accusation and retribution is crucial to the success of any quality improvement initiative.

Outline:
Introduction
Safety Culture
Non-Punitive Environment
Error Management
Ethics of a Non-Punitive Environment
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In healthcare there are several types of errors, such as near misses. Near Misses are errors that almost caused harm but did not. Near misses are often under-reported because, no harm, no foul. Adverse events include injuries that cause harm, prolonged lengths of stay due to hospital acquired complications, death, and unanticipated outcomes stemming from failure to perform a necessary treatment or intervention. By understanding human nature, no one makes an error on purpose and fear of punishment is a common reaction to making a mistake. An organization that promotes a non-punitive environment uses a root cause analyses to identify possible causes for the error, such as understanding factors that impact human performance and causes of human error. Workplace conditions that can impact human performance include reliance on memory, noise, temperature, lighting, too many hand-offs, stress and excessive noise. Human errors occur because of inattention, memory lapse, poorly designed equipment, exhaustion, and lack of training and knowledge. Errors are not disclosed because of fear of consequences to self or others, fear of being sued, the effort required to report errors including not knowing how to report errors, and lack of tools and resources to report errors. The reporting system used to report errors is a key component to error management. The error reporting system must be easy to use, not disruptive to workflow, and standardized. Error management is using all available resources and data to understand the causes of errors and take appropriate actions, such as policy change, procedural changes and training to reduce incidence of error."

Tags:quality, patient, systems, professional

Abstract
The paper explains that although the new vehicle technologies such as hybrid electric automobiles and diesel-electric buses and trucks are lauded as important tools in the fight against global warming and rising fuel costs, they also pose new challenges and risks. The paper then discusses the social and cultural issues that any changing technology faces in the market. The paper also looks at the many other concerns with the technology and the design used in hybrid cars. The paper concludes that educating the public and ensuring that good safety standards are observed can help ensure that the new auto technology will prove to be safe for all concerned.

Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The trend to save the environment for future generations while at the same time maintain our current lifestyle has proved to be a constant struggle. One of the most discussed and debated issue of modern time is the increased use of petroleum based products for automobiles. Cars are considered consumer goods. There is an expectation then, that autos will be updated within three to five years. Automobiles are run using an internal combustion (IC) engine that burn hydrocarbons to generate energy that helps move the vehicle. Currently, the two most commonly used hydrocarbons are gasoline and diesel."

Tags:petroleum, combustion, oil, efficiency, automobiles, diesel, environment

Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that when considering whether to purchase a Japanese or European car, a number of factors must be taken into account. The writer notes that such factors includes the reliability of the car, its safety, performance and the price. The writer examines these issues with regard to the European and Japanese car markets, selecting an ultimate winner and loser for each category. Ultimately, the writer concludes that though both industries vary internally and possess strengths and weaknesses, the Japanese auto market wins out, owning to the strong reliability of Japanese cars.

Outline:
Introduction
Reliability and Safety
Performance
Cost
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The inability of European cars to meet reliability standards has hurt the European automakers, as this shortcoming is frequently brought to the attention of the public. The public deserve to know the car they are buying is unreliable, if this is the case, as it is one of the major deciding factors in car purchasing. A further problem is the European car manufacturers are not matching Japanese carmakers in terms of producing cars with a limited susceptibility towards obsolescence. The Consumer Reports survey found that Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, BMW and Jaguar models all appear amongst the least reliable car models. Interestingly, however, consumers often ignore this fact and buy a car they believe is reliable when all evidence speaks to the contrary. Many motorists believe that cars such as Mercedes and BMWs are likely to be very mechanically competent. The reasons behind this trend are difficult to discern - it may be that the prestige and traditional nature of these vehicles convey the image of reliability to modern consumers. However the case is that such vehicles frequently fall well below mechanical par."

Tags:repair, costs, reliability, safety