Abstract
This paper explains that the successes in elections by third-party candidates are blocked by little media coverage, often not being in debates, reduced funding, a lack followers, and the electoral system. The author points out that third-party candidates can overcome a number of these obstacles by focusing on a single ideology or issue and by using inexpensive campaign techniques like debates, forums, and billboard advertising. The paper remarks that, while there are important exceptions, such as Governor Jesse Ventura of Minnesota, the majority of third-party candidates fail to be elected.

From the Paper
"The electoral system itself often contributes to making the election of third-party candidates difficult. Many laws that relate to elections limit the success of third-party candidates. America's "winner-take-all system of counting ballots ... does little to encourage a party that perpetually comes in third or fourth place to repeatedly contest elections, whereas proportional representation systems, which are widely used in other industrialized democracies, do." Further, many states have ballot access requirements that state that candidates must have a specific number of signatures to run for office."

Tags:winner-take-all, media, funding, electoral, ideology

Abstract
This paper explains that both candidates in the 2008 presidential election are very friendly towards the environment. The author points out that John McCain seems to have more environmental solutions and has made progressive actions to help the environment; whereas, Barak Obama seems to have more green-friendly stances, especially in the area of biofuels. The paper states that the liberal candidate will always be supported by environmental groups and, in general the liberal candidate is indeed greener; however, in this election, the republican candidate can be considered to be pro-environment and not a bad choice for those who support green policies.

From the Paper
"John McCain has always been more of an independent then a staunch republican. As a result of this, he has more green policies then many of his republican allies. One of the reasons behind this is the fact that he lives in Arizona. People there support green policies and are very environmentally friendly. There are 27 state parks in Arizona, along with 21 national parks and monuments. Also, clean sources of energy, such as solar panels and windmills, are widely used. Also, there are 13 dams (including the Hoover dam) that provide hydroelectric power to the citizens of Arizona."

Tags:biases, liberal, republican, independent, green-friendly

Abstract
This paper mainly draws the distinction between the Republicans and Democrats' plans. The paper suggests that all the plans are ambitious, but they all have flaws, and ultimately, voters must decided what flaws they are content with.

From the Paper
"In this election of 2008, the candidates vying for the presidency all have plans to solve America's health care crisis. Next to the Iraq war, health care is the most important issue for voters, since ever-increasing costs for coverage and care have many Americans feeling anxious. With such a monstrous issue on the minds of voters, the candidates are expecting, or rather desperately hoping, that their plans will be convincing enough to give them some leverage in the election. All the candidates are confident that their plans will make coverage affordable for all Americans, and also decrease medical care costs. Sounds great, but how will they accomplish such a feat? Though Clinton, McCain and Obama all have laid out their..."

Tags:health, care, candidates

From the Paper
""Candidates 1988"
This book describes the background of every potential candidate at the start of the 1988 presidential campaign. The following is a list and description of each of them.


Bruce Babbitt (pp. 17-34) is the former Democratic governor of Arizona. A centrist from the conservative state, he was very honest and forthright in his campaign, calling for a tax increase to help balance the federal budget. Specifically, he advocated a national sales tax on all consumer items except food and medicine, in order to make it less regressive. In addition, he proposed cutting those social programs that were not effective and, in general, criticized the idea of throwing public money at all social problems. In the end, such direct talk resulted in his early defeat in the primaries."

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the 2008 presidential candidates' stances on various hot button issues, including abortion, gun control, and health care. The paper also discusses the rules and process by which political parties nominate their presidential candidates, the history of the electoral college system, and how the electoral college affects presidential elections.

Table of Contents
Comparison of Candidates Positions
Abortion
Gun control
Iraq
Health Care
Social Security
Immigration
Economy
Presidential Nominations
Caucuses and Primaries
Delegates and Superdelegates
Conventions
Presidential Elections and the Electoral College
Electoral College
Electors
Pros/Cons
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Each party's convention has a different number of votes required to win. For each party, it is over 50% of the total vote, made up of all types of voting delegates. In the Democratic Party, the total number of votes is 4047, meaning that to win the nomination a presidential candidate must have 2024 votes between the delegates and the superdelegates. There are 3253 pledge delegates for a Democratic convention, so in theory it may not be known who the winner will be, although in practice many superdelegates announce their allegiance in advance of the convention. The Republic Party has 2380 total delegates. As with the Democrats, a simple majority will give a candidate the nomination. In this case, a Republican presidential candidate must have the support of 1191 delegates to win."

Tags:Democrat, Republican, electoral, college, party, votes, nomination, delegate

Abstract
This paper examines the question of whether Tom Golisano, running as a third-party candidate for governor of New York in the past mid-term elections, received an appropriate degree of coverage in the region's newspapers.The author counted the number of newspaper articles per candidate. The author concludes that, because of the relatively limited impact of third-party candidates, the amount of coverage that Golisano received was fair and appropriate.

From the Paper
"One of the important questions in American politics is why the two parties have so much power, in contrast to many nations in which numerous political parties are represented both in the government and in the national public political debate. One of the major differences between countries with two parties and those with a variety of political parties is, of course, the difference between a parliamentary system of government and our own, which does not encourage power sharing amongst different parties."

Tags:mid-term, elections, region, newspapers, articles, appropriate, impact

Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of the candidate selection proce, focusing on the British Conservative Party. According to the paper, this is one of the most important functions of political parties, for the selection process determines the quality of the candidates representing that party and has a direct bearing on the success or failure of the party in elections. The process for the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom is characterized by the application of traditional criteria such as the prospective candidate's political skills, party loyalty and standing in their community.

From the Paper
"The candidate selection process is one of the most important functions of political parties, for it determines the quality of the candidates representing that party and has a direct bearing on the success or failure of the party in elections. In the case of the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom, the candidate selection process is characterized by the application of traditional criteria such as the prospective candidate's..."

Tags:uk, conservative, candidates

Abstract
The process of candidate selection is one of the most important functions political parties perform. It follows that the current study examines the importance of this function and its possible consequences. In addition, subsequent discussion classifies the candidate selection method for the Labour Party of Britain while addressing questions concerning how the party selects its candidates to parliament, what constitutes the selectorate, who can stand as a candidate, how the voting process works, and whether quotas exist for women, ethnic minorities, or other social groups. Lastly, the current study examines the question of whether a linkage exists between the leadership selection method in the Labour Party of Britain and the candidate selection method.

From the Paper
The Labour Party of Britain: an Analysis of the Candidate Selection Function Introduction The process of candidate selection is one of the most important functions political parties perform. It follows that the current study examines the importance of this function and its possible consequences. In addition, subsequent discussion classifies the candidate selection method for the Labour Party of Britain while addressing questions concerning how the party selects its candidates to parliament, what constitutes the selectorate, who can stand as a candidate, how the voting process works,

Tags:labour party, candidate selection, britain politics

Abstract
This paper relates that, in the past, many studies of voting behavior typically were based on the competency and the suitability of the candidate; however, only a few research projects looked at the variables of gender and candidate attractiveness. The methodology, questionnaire and data for a research project to study gender voting behavior based on candidate attractiveness are included in this paper. The author concludes, based on this study, that females judge unattractive male candidates harsher and males consider unattractive female candidates more competent although these results may be due to impression management.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Participants
Materials
Procedure
Results
Discussion
Appendix
Data Tables
Candidate Biography
Survey
Photos
Females
Males

From the Paper
"The second effect was unpredicted and showed that males rated the candidates higher than their female counterparts on suitability. The effect occurred in questions 3-10, which address the ratings of friendliness, assertiveness, approachability, sincerity, competency, honesty, optimism, and reliability. Based on the results, our findings indicate the opposite of our predictions and shows that male participants rated higher than their female counterparts. In the current study, we believe that the male participants were more likely to engage in impression management with having two female researchers distributing the surveys."

Tags:photographs, university, biography, interactions, stereotypes

Abstract
This paper offers two essays on the current candidates for President of the United States. One offers a pro-John McCain essay and the other offers a pro-Barack Obama essay with reasons supporting each view.

From the Paper
"I support Republican presidential candidate John McCain as the better candidate for a number of reasons. Some of these reasons are directly related to McCain, such as his lengthy experience, his track record of taking on special interests on both sides of the political aisle and his significant experience in military engagements and foreign policy. However, many of the reasons I support McCain stem from the deficiencies I find in his opponent, Democrat Barack Obama. Obama has very limited experience or time in..."

Tags:politics, elections, wealthy, fundraising, voters, government, abortion, Iraq, campaign financing, lobbyists