Abstract
This research paper discusses the current and anticipated uses of Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in forensics and population studies. It analyzes the literature regarding the subject and discusses the results and conclusions reached. The paper concludes that the individuality of the male-specific part of the Y chromosome can be optimally explored by the Y-STR haplotype analysis. The paper contains graphs and tables.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Definition of Key Terms
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"The research showed that the ability to identify male-specific DNA renders polymorphic Y-chromosomal sequences an invaluable addition to the standard panel of autosomal loci used in forensic genetics. Y-STR haplotyping is particularly important for sensitive typing of male DNA in mixed stains as well as for rapid assortment of biological crime scene evidence. Moreover, Y chromosomal profiling can trace back paternal lineages into the past and has thus been proven a useful tool in genealogical and kinship testing. The research also showed that the individuality of the male-specific part of the Y chromosome can be optimally explored by the Y-STR haplotype analysis using a set of highly variable short tandem repeat markers approved by the forensic and scientific community."

Tags:culpability, genes, DNA, loci

Abstract
In this article, the writer points out that philosopher Jose Ortega y Gasset built up an original philosophical system, based on a few central concepts, like those of perspectivism and ratio-vitalism. The writer maintains that his ideas on religion and Christianity, seen in the larger context constituted by his ideas on life in general, are very interesting. Further, the writer notes that it can be said that the axis of Ortega y Gasset's system of thought is the concept of vitalism, or the idea that life in itself is the actual purpose for man's existence in the world, and not thinking as the idealists proposed. The writer concludes that Ortega y Gasset's main attempt is to create a philosophy that reveals life-reality, above anything else, and for this, man should find his new belief in history, since it is history that best discloses the patterns of human life.

From the Paper
'However, according to Ortega y Gasset, it is not intellectualism as such that is wrong, but the separation of reason from vitality. This tendency is very common within the scientific domain and more particularly in modern science after Galileo, but also in Christian doctrine. Both science and religion are focused on something which is beyond the actual existence as such. As he proposes, science is only an ideal, something that cannot actually fulfill its purpose, and which does not give us the truth. The means by which science operates is that of the pure reason, which maintains itself in the realm of pure thought and idealism, and moreover manifests disdain for life as such. To this pure reason, Ortega y Gasset opposes the notion of vital reason, which is able to understand the value of life itself."

Tags:ideas, concepts, science, culture

Abstract
This paper explains that conspicuous consumption is often thought of as unnecessary spending or the purchasing of products that are not necessities. Increases in upward mobility have increased conspicuous consumption patterns in nations around the world. The author points out that the impact of a rapidly growing economy and of increased education in Taiwan have had an impact on the conspicuous consumption of Generation Y. These individuals are college-educated with significant incomes and have money to spend. The paper concludes that there is a thin line between luxury and necessity; one generation's luxury becomes their successors' necessity. Luxury is often associated with a quality buy.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Luxury vs. Necessity
Modern Consumer Society of Luxury
Meanings of Conspicuous Consumption
Characteristics of Conspicuous Consumers
Comparison of Generation Y, Generation X, and Baby Boomers
Characteristics of Generation Y'ers in Taiwan
Methodology, Research Design and Data Collection
Preliminary Survey Design
Questionnaire
Part I: General Questions
Part II: Attitude toward Luxury Goods and Mass Commodity Goods
Part III: Customers: Brand Loyalty, Reaction to Different Product Categories, and Price Sensitivity
Part IV: Background Information
Depth Interview
Research Finding and Analysis
Part I: General Questions
Part II:
Part III: (Open Questions)
Analysis
Discussion: Limitation, Application, and Conclusion

From the Paper
"The survey also found that some of the respondents had regrets about making expensive purchases. The phenomenon of regret was most evident in younger respondents who often regretted such purchases because they were too expensive, or the styles were outdated. The survey found that older respondents that were more financially stable rarely had regrets about the purchases they made. To combat the regret that younger consumers have companies should create a line of products that are less expensive but still have the high quality of other clothing by the designer. The less expensive line will allow younger consumers to purchase products without regret."

Tags:clothing, advertising, questionnaire, quality, mobility

Abstract
This paper explains that the opinions of the Generation Y are important and can be expressed by voting. The paper then points out that voting is a right that not everybody always was allowed to possess; therefore, voting should be taken seriously and not for granted. The paper relates that the author of the paper registered to vote because he wants to help put the best President into office. The author underscores that someone who is indecisive, not well educated, and has never taken control of a political situation is not someone that he wants to have as his leader. The paper describes a very liberal website PunkVoter.com, which teaches "punk" fans about the policies of George Bush, Jr. The author stresses that votes by the Generation Y will play a huge factor in where this country will go in the future.

Table of Contents:
Issues
The Right Person
T-Shirts
PunkVoter.com

From the Paper
"PunkVoter.com is very informational to its members in regards to local elections and registering those to be able to vote. Down the right side of the column, the audience is persuaded to become a member of PunkVoter.com. Being a member allows PunkVoter.com to email the member information on local elections, policies, and campaigns to keep them up-to-date. It also allows the reader to register so they will be able to vote in upcoming elections."

Tags:future, expensive, draft, christian, slogan, right

Abstract
This paper discusses the main patterns of incidence and mortality associated with Y enterocolitica. The writer provides studies of children who have been infected. Finally, the main strategies for prevention and control are outlined. The writer points out that the main means to prevent Y enterocolitica is through education campaigns with the assistance of the mass media.

From the Paper
"Yersinia enterocolitica or yersiniosis is an infection caused by enteropathogenic Yersinia which is manifested by fever and abdominal pain in children and often by acute diarrhea. The main concern in this paper is with children, and primarily black children as well as children from other ethnic minority groups as they are most susceptible to the pathogen. The source of Y enterocolitica is found in animals, primarily the pig, so that both the issue and the solution are located in cultural traditions combined with food handling and processing."

Tags:pathogen, children, prevention

Abstract
Scientific discussion of genetic material of Y Chromosone. Research on human genetics. Concept of sexual selection. Male & female traits. Genes on the Y Chromosone. & their crucial role. Implications of mechanisims of chromosomal sex determination.

From the Paper
"Review of Functional Coherence of the Human Y Chromosome


Introduction
In the current rush to map the human genome it is sometimes easy to assume that the modern science of genetics understands all there is to know concerning the functions of the human Y chromosome. This is far from reality. Because there has been such tremendous effort for an extended period of time on molecular biology, i.e.; research into AIDS, cancer, and auto immune diseases, certain aspects of human genetics have been under.explored. This no longer is the case. The article by Lahn and Page make some salient points:
the wasteland model of Y chromosome content was based largely on anectodotal evidence (Lahn and Page, 1997, p 676)..."

Abstract
This paper examines the Theory X and Theory Y that were proposed by Douglas McGregor in his book titled "The Human Side of Enterprise." The paper discusses the assumptions that the theories are based on and how they relate to the way that employees work in an organization. The paper then looks at the maturity / immaturity theory developed by Chris Argyris and how it differs from McGregor's theories.

Table of Contents:
Maturity/Immaturity Theory

From the Paper
"According to the content of the theory, 'the command and control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs as levers of motivation, but in modern society those needs already are satisfied and thus no longer are motivators' (Leslie, 2001). In this regard, it is expected that the employees will develop their discomfort towards the work, and will be reluctant to accept any responsibility, and 'will have no interest in organizational goals, resist change'. This eventually proves the fact that the theory 'is a self-fulfilling prophecy' (Andrew, 2005). As per the content of the theory, work is taken as a medium responsible for the satisfaction of the lower requirements of the employees, whereas the leisure time is the source of satisfaction of higher needs, but 'it is in satisfying their higher needs that employees can be most productive' (Andrew, 2005)."

Tags:employees, motivation, enterprise

Abstract
A review of "The Angela Y. David Reader", edited by Joy James. It explains how these writings cover Davis's academic and political life from the 1960s to the present and serve to show young black women one path to achieving more for their people and for themselves.

From the Paper
"The introduction by Joy James tells much of Davis's story and relates it to the political currents of the 1960s and after, including the many efforts by different governmental leaders to put down various movements seeking greater freedom of speech and other rights as promised in the Constitution yet denied to many, including blacks. The efforts by the government included a number of questionable and outright illegal actions to gather and keep intelligence on American citizens who dissented from the accepted political order of the time. Davis clearly fell into this group and was investigated for practicing her rights of political association and speech."

Tags:civil, rights, action, social

Abstract
This paper reviews the book by William Stinchcombe titled "The X-Y-Z Affair". Stinchcombe was the professor of history and his contribution as a historian is enormous. He is an accomplished writer with great knowledge of world affairs specially the American history.

Tags:xyz, affair

Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a discussion of Ward Stavig's book 'The World of Tupac Amaru'. The writer discusses that this book focuses on the Spanish colonialism of the indigenous Andeans during the eighteenth century. The writer examines how this phenomenon led to the rebellion of Tupac Amaru.

From the Paper
"Ward Stavig focuses primarily on Andeans under Spanish rule during the eighteenth century in his book 'The World of Tupac Amaru''. Despite the title of the book referring to the Andean leader of the first rebellion against the Spanish in two centuries, Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui Tupac Amaru II the author saves his last chapter to sort out the tangled web of actions groups and alliances involved in the rebellion. Before then he provides an account of the indigenous peoples and their daily lives ... "

Tags:politics, religion, Christianity, marriage, crime, justice, court of law, values, ethnocentrism, Spain, Canas y Canchis, Quispicanchis