Abstract
This paper explains that, even if Canada is not at all a world leader in terms of rewarding its IT workforce, IT workers have seen their wages rise sharply compared to the wages of other Canadians. The author points out that computerization and technological advancement have made many jobs obsolete and many workers redundant. The paper relates that the rise of computerization and the concomitant rise in new communication, conceptualization and manufacturing technologies paint a bleak picture for workers who are not facile with the latest software or tools. The author concludes that technological change in Canada has deepened the cleavages between various groups and that the country is rushing towards a serious crisis if something cannot be done to better facilitate the entry of millions of Canadians into the twenty-first century economy.

From the Paper
"Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing businesses in Canada have become more prevalent in recent decades. In fact, a study conducted in the late 1980s underscores just how daunting the job prospects were even then for workers who lacked the requisite training in computer technology. To wit, "CAD/CAM" firms by even the middle 1980s were profoundly re-shaping their organizational structure and functions because of new computer technology; in a similar vein, expenditures in the area of technological innovation were being pushed even then as a means of eliminating costly and "superfluous" workers."

Tags:policy-makers, bifurcated, redundant, manufacturing, real-wage

Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the effects of technological change and computerization upon the wage structure in Canada. The paper begins by noting how IT workers have seen their wages rise sharply compared to the wages of other Canadians. The paper also examines how computerization and technological advancement have made many jobs obsolete and the economic implications of technological change for blue-collar workers. Additionally, the paper contemplates the consequences of technological evolution and computerization for working-class men and a brief examination of what the benefits and disadvantages of the new wage structure are for Canada is presented.

From the Paper
"The view of this writer is that technological change in Canada has deepened the cleavages between various groups and that the country is rushing towards a serious crisis if something cannot be done to better facilitate the entry of millions of Canadians into the twenty-first century economy. With that in mind, it is to a discussion of the relationship between technological change and the wage structure of the Dominion that this paper now turns."

Tags:technology, wages

Abstract
This paper explains that, on the American continent, the NAFTA agreement between Canada, Mexico and the U.S.A. has been responsible largely for the liberalization of economies, privatization and deregulation, which have all impacted the workforce, particularly women. The author points out that globalization has brought about an unequal structure of the global economy in which corporations are creating labor segregation, paying the most minimum wages possible and providing the least amount of labor regulations, all of which cause social and economic marginalization of women. The paper relates that various trade agreements push countries to privatize public resources causing a shift away from welfare and social programs such as social insurance, health care, child-care and childcare subsidy. The author stresses that the new jobs created for the sole profit of the employers are usually lower-paid, part-time or contract flexible work having no benefits.

From the Paper
"One example of such harassment and discrimination is cited by Quintero-Ramirez, (2002). She describes how managers are often able to request a medical examination to show that a job applicant is not pregnant. Because of deregulation, the working conditions in these factories are often unsanitary and even dangerous, and inadequate or non-existing healthcare often exasperated the health impacts suffered by these women workers. These women work for minimum wages while foreign countries reap most of the benefits. The maquiladora sector is of particular importance because it has grown 89% in the period between 1995 and 2000 . The managers of these manufacturing plants often prefer to hire women because of the patriarchal beliefs that women are more docile and better suited for boring repetitive jobs. "

Tags:deregulation, maquiladora, harassment, home-based, neo-liberalism

Abstract
This ten-page undergraduate paper explores how and why Natives are oppressed and discriminated against in the justice system. Colonization and the "Indian Act" are part of it, and social conditions outside the system fully explain what happen within it: both control inferior people. 10 pgs. Bibliography lists 10 sources.

From the Paper
"Introduction
This research reviews the Canadian social structure, and, through this review, assesses the validity of two models often used to describe Canadian society, as accurate descriptors of the Canadian social structure. The two models considered in this research are the class model, and the elite pluralist model (Porter, 1965).


The class model assumes divisions within Canadian society along the lines of British society, in which the working class, as an under class, is pitted against a business class, and even an upper class aristocracy (Forgese, 1983). The elite pluralist model recognizes the presence in Canadian society of elites, and recognizes that classical democracy, as that ideal is embraced in the concept of pluralism, does not exist in Canada. The elite..."

Abstract
As a way to begin to understand how Canadian society is structured aa a racist/sexist patriarchy, it is crucial to find examples of these relations in the 'everyday' experiences of social life. This paper will argue that it is easier for the middle and upper classes to deny racism, because they may not be able to identify the way gender and ethnicity are woven through class dynamics. This paper will consider in more detail this notion of the "everyday" as a site for understanding the relations of racism, of sexism, and of class privilege in a Canadian context. This will raise the abstract idea of the "everyday" into concrete forms and particular relations that have a materialist base in society. This paper will also argue that class privilege covers much of the racist and sexist assumptions so that it is difficult for certain classes to identify the whiteness of domination as an economic structure, because they are so implicated in all that the class privilege provides.

Abstract
This paper discusses how an increase in the Canadian minimum wage to $10 an hour would be controversial as has been every increase in minimum wage since the first introduction of legislation in support of a minimum wage in Canada in 1918. This essay presents arguments both for and against raising the minimum wage to $10 an hour in Canada as a national standard. The paper shows how such an action will have some negative impact upon the Canadian economy in that it will increase labour costs and, as a result, may somewhat increase inflationary pressures.

Tags:wage, minimum, canada

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of wage disparity across Canada, which has long been a concern not only of the general population but also of the various federal government administrations throughout the years, as well as the provincial governments. The paper explains that a genuine concern of government bodies and researchers alike is that of ensuring not necessarily wage parity across professions, but of ensuring livable wages across all demographics. The paper maintains that discussing and properly framing the wage disparity issues for Canadians is important because the consequences of not addressing this issue are enormous and, ultimately, far more costly to ignore than to repair.

Tags:wage, disparities, canada

Abstract
The paper discusses how labor economics explores a host issues related to the wage determination and other notions of labor market efficiency, including theories that help to understand the female-wage differential. This paper explores the female wage differential in Canada by focusing on the empirical research and methodological structures used to explain what accounts for the wage differential.

From the Paper
"Labor economics explores a host issues related to the wage determination and other notions of labor market efficiency. Embedded in this study are theories that help to understand the female-wage differential, that is, can economic theory be used to explain the wage gap that exists for females and males and can this empirical research be applied to the Canadian labor market. This paper will explore the female-wage differential in Canada by focusing on the empirical research and methodological structures used to explain what accounts for the wage differential. More importantly the paper will..."

Tags:gender, wage, gap

Abstract
This paper explains that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was designed to open up the Canadian, U.S. and Mexican borders to free trade; however, NAFTA's ratification and implementation over the last decade has not had uniform success. The author points out that, while many detractors of NAFTA had predicted that the U.S. economy would run at an overall trade deficit with both Canada and Mexico, they failed to observe that overall exports to these two markets would increase greatly as well. The paper also examines the impact of NAFTA on the U.S. job market and concludes that some of the apparatus within NAFTA's regulatory structure, which allows for negotiation and renegotiation, should be utilized to make adjustments for the economic impact NAFTA has had on the U.S. economy especially on job loss. The paper includes tables on job creation and loss and wage changes.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Positive Economic Impact of NAFTA
Negative Economic Impact of NAFTA
Future Trends
Conclusion

From the Paper
"One industry that has been in decline in the U.S. for many years has been the textile industry. NAFTA's detractors often, supported by the U.S. textile industry itself, belabored this point in arguments against ratification of NAFTA. Cook points out that although NAFTA led to expanded markets for the U.S. textile industry by: 1) the elimination of import duties into Mexico on U.S. produced yarns and cotton, and 2) by mandating that Mexican textile manufacturers actually utilize U.S. yarn and cotton in textiles that are exported to the U.S. and Canadian markets."

Tags:employment, textiles, deficit, agriculture, integration