Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that in Canada in the early 21st century there is the widespread belief that racism is largely a concern of other countries given such state policies as multiculturalism. This being said, this essay argues, through the critical examination of scholarly texts on the subject, that, in fact, the development of Canada as a racistpoliticalculture defines the fundamental institutions of the Canadianstate to the present day. The writer maintains that when Canada is considered in terms of its historical development, in terms of its policy making - as in the case of multiculturalism - or in terms of its politicalculture manifested in the mass media and the economy, there exists overwhelmingly evidence in support of the contention that Canada is a fundamentally racistpoliticalculture.
From the Paper "Consider, for example, the unrest that has often erupted in Canada between Aboriginals and the government/land developers who are seeking to build on sacred Aboriginal lands. Even if we set aside the issue that all of the North American continent itself originally belonged to the ancestors of these Aboriginals, the fact that it has been so difficult for these First Nations to enforce their treaty rights through the courts that they must resort to peaceful civil disobedience is evidence of the radical inequality in the Canadian social, political and economic systems. Indeed, as the conflicts years ago at Akwasasne and Oka, dissent and civil disruption appear to be the only way that marginalized populations can make their case in the public arena given that they are effectively dispossessed."
An analysis of how both democracies are born of the same imperial template with similar political sub cultures, yet although similar, their politicalcultures are different.
3,770 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 8 sources, 2000, $ 103.95
Abstract Background
British Influence in the US and Canada
US Civil War ? It's affect on Canada's constitution
Constitutional Divergence ? Canada, US, and England
PoliticalCulture Political Sub Culture Statistical Facts
Tags: canada, political, science, us, united, states
Abstract This essay compares and contrasts the politicalcultures of the Canada and the United States, arguing that despite debates over the apparent differences in the politicalcultures of the two countries, the underlying corporate domination of political relations in both societies suggests that apart from superficial political differences the politicalcultures of Canada and the United States are likely to increasingly converge in the near future.
From the Paper "A Comparison and Contrast of the Political Cultures in Canada and the United States Introduction Canada and the United States are two liberal democracies that, although they share a common continent and have had extremely close social, political, economic and cultural relationships for generations, possess radically distinct political cultures."
Abstract This paper begins by defining the term 'politicalculture' and then examines how this term relates to both Great Britain and Italy. It looks at the political origins and history of both states and compares the two. It then looks at the countries current political climates and explores whether there are any similarities.
Introduction
What is PoliticalCulture?
Britain - The Politics of Continuity
Contemporary Politics Italy - The Politics of Regionalism
Conclusions
References
From the Paper "Upon first examination, one would think there no two political cultures in the world more unalike than those of Great Britain - the United Kingdom - and Italy, that comparing the two is like comparing a Yorkshire Pudding with a Calabrian Pasta. It is true that Great Britain is the first modern nation-state, and was such when the King of France ruled little more than the Ile de France and was not as great as his nobles. Italians were busy killing each other off in the internecine wars of small city-states as Britain founded the first great western empire since that founded by the Romans. The nation of Italy has only a bit more than 150 years as a unified state - one that has never settled into unification easily. Yet there are more things in common between these two cultures than one might suppose at first."
Abstract A look at Malay politicalculture from the perspectives of Anthony Milner. The author investigates the Malay political experiences, traditions and customs and analyzes these from the Milner's point of view that political relationships in Malay are based on leadership and support.
From the Paper "Anthony Milner's central point in his examination of kerajaan is that the key to understanding political motivation must involve an understanding of differing political experience. European observers often saw political relationships in Malay societies as being based on accumulation and distribution of wealth, whereas to Milner the process had a deeper political motivation; to gain supporters."
Tags:politics, tradition, wealth, honor, motivation, leadership, support
Abstract This paper reviews Gad Horowitz's book, Canadian Labour in Politics, focusing specifically on the argument Horowitz makes concerning why labor plays a critical role in Canadianpolitics, but not in U.S. politics. It reviews the argument Horowitz makes concerning Louis Hartz's view of liberal societies. It considers Horowitz's claim that labor is important because Canadian society evolved out of a tradition wherein government is seen -- even by conservatives -- as having an important role to play. It looks at the impact Horowitz's argument has had on politicians and academics.
From the Paper "In his book Canadian Labour in Politics, Gad Horowitz, provides an analysis of the labor movement's influence on Canadian political life. He discusses the means by which Canada's labor unions have entered the political system as a vital and enduring force -- a force that does not stand outside politics as merely another interest group attempting to gain notice, but as an integrated party crucial to the very political fabric of the society. His work in this book is seminal to the understanding of cultural and social forces that allow labor to be a primary driver of the nation's politics."
Abstract This paper explores the politicalculture of the various ethnic and socio-economic groups in the U.S. and how participative they are in local and state governments. The writer believes that the social and economic status of a person or group of people has a bearing on their political power within the current American political system.
Contents:
The Factors of PoliticalCulture General Difference in PoliticalCulture Between Native-Born and Immigrant Americans
PoliticalCulture by Ethnic Background
PoliticalCulture by Socio-Economic Background
Political Access: A Case Study: California
Conclusion
From the Paper "The culture of the politics of the United States of America is as diverse as the composition of its population. With a wide range of citizens from virtually every nation and culture around the world as well as myriads of citizens in different economic situations, one is likely to envision different viewpoints of politics from each of these groups. There are many reasons for the different viewpoints of politics. Firstly, the nature of the United States is for political freedom for all. People come to America from around the world to experience the freedoms granted by the Constitution to all citizens. Many arrive with certain premonitions of the nation that play a role in their political viewpoints and stances. Often, these viewpoints about the United States and its politics are widespread among the group and often specifically taught to the young."
Abstract This paper assesses the issue of politicalculture and whether its varying nature in different countries affects the establishment and maintenance of democracy. The paper achieves this by first offering a definitional explanation of politicalculture and how its characteristics alter depending on the country in question. The paper then examines the manner in which democratic processes are affected by national politicalculture. Two countries ae used as examples in exemplifying the inherent links between the two concepts; Pakistan and Slovakia. The paper contends that politicalculture is a vital component in the democratic process. Therefore, if a respective politicalculture fails to either understand or believe in the underlying principles of democratic thought, it becomes very difficult to instil a culture based on democratic principles. The paper further contends that further factors such as; national history; religious beliefs and the role of the military have a large part to play. Indeed, the two example countries provide us with prove of this fact.
From the Paper "Let us look at out first example country, Pakistan. Since independence from Britain in 1947, much of the political culture of Pakistan has been formed on the same theoretical basis as that of the British Raj. When the British left what is know known as Pakistan, the democratic forces they attempted to instil were often contradictory in their nature. On the one hand, democratic representative government was established, but underpinning it lay the same subject based culture that had endured during British rule."
Tags: independence authoritarian, national history, religious beliefs, military role
Abstract This paper looks at the American politicalculture after the terrorist attacks of September 11 and the effect those attacks had on the tolerance in American politicalculture. It contends that, as a result, of the attacks, American politicalculture is more accepting of authoritarian views. This paper also looks at how the war on terrorism and the related struggle against the spread of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons have become the central elements of a new US foreign policy since September 11.
From the Paper "September 11, had a polarizing effect on tolerance in political culture .In fact the tragedy made American political culture more accepting of authoritarian views .The terrorist attacks on the U. S. of Sept. 11, 2001, jolted Americans with the realization that young men filled with hatred of the U. S. could, with limited training and guidance, become focused instruments of mass terror, willing and able to kill thousands of Americans."
Tags: arab, and, muslim, world, american, hegemony, war, on, terrorism, us, foreign, policy
Abstract The paper examines Frederick Ivor Case's "Racism and National Consciousness," where he presents a complex analysis of race and racism in Canada today. With reference to Case's understanding of racism as exclusion, the paper argues that racism is a covert reality of life in Canada today that is supported in a range of subtle ways by Canadianstateculture. The paper shows how racism has clear economic "value" for the capitalist corporate elite of Canadian society, making challenges of anti-racist action as great as they ever were.
Outline:
Introduction
Racism as Exclusion
The Complexities of Racism
A Covert Racism
Conclusion
From the Paper "In defining race and racism, Frederick Ivor Case presents an excellent critique of the physiological absurdity of making distinctions between people on the basis of race: "It might seem superfluous to remark that there is no such phenomenon as African blood or Chinese blood or Jewish blood, just as in the moral sense there is no such thing as good or bad blood" (Case 38). This being said, however, Case recognizes the social reality that for generations the structures of race and racism have defined life in Canada. Case's analysis of racism in the Canadian context is particularly complex given his contention that this racism has been defined historically as the "exclusion on sight, that is, by race" of non-Europeans from the Canadian collective consciousness (Case 35)."
Abstract This paper compares critically the politicalcultures of Sweden and the United States, illuminating theories of politics such as Conservatism, Liberalism, Social Democracy among other doctrines in modern times. Arguments are used about definitions of culture, the difficulty in defining culture, political life, emotions, perception and indeed political action as well as the complex character of decision-making within the state. Some case studies by authors are examined to highlight the application of some theories such as Ethnomethodology, Postmodernism and Symbolic Interactionism.
From the Paper "Donald Hancock , et al, (1998) stated that the political culture in Sweden went through a process of change during the nineteenth and twentieth Centuries and that this process of system change is both cause and effect of a political culture that affirms traditional values and simultaneously endorses efforts at political creativity. Hancock, et al, noted that linking these attributes is a willingness among political actors to seek compromise solutions to partisan disagreements. They continue to state that the most important traditional element inherent in Swedish political culture is a deeply ingrained respect for constitutionalism and law."
Abstract The paper presents a brief history of the Canadian film industry and discusses how the English branch of Canadian cinematography continues to lack in distribution on the domestic market. The paper attempts to explain why it has been so difficult for the national industry to develop. The paper looks at various causes and examines the lack of connection Canadians have with their cultural heritage. The paper suggests that perhaps each individual's efforts to reconsider his national identity will lead to an appreciation of the indigenous film industry.
Outline:
A Brief History of the Canadian Film Industry
An Attempt to Explain the Paradox
From the Paper "When talking about movies, most people's mental representation consist of the sign from the Hollywood Hills, the well known Hollywood's Walk of Fame or the glamorous Oscar ceremony which allows them to recognize their favorite actors or actresses. But how many realize that the roots of celebrities who are given the red-carpet treatment aren't exclusively American? For instance, how many cinephiles who have been touched by the story of Titanic, the renowned film that won 11 Oscars in 1998, know that its director James Cameron has Canadian origins? Furthermore, how many moviegoers have found out that contemporary cineplexes representing one of their favorite leisure destinations were invented by a Canadian?"
This paper presents an overview of Irish political structure, taking into consideration the historical factors that have produced the Irish state as it is currently structured and looking at what the future might bring to Ireland.
Abstract The following paper discusses the complex story of the political history of Ireland. The writer examines the complexities in this particular tale that arise primarily from the intricacies of colonization, and the particular kind of colonization inflicted on the Irish by the English. In addition the way in which the volatile religious climate of the land affected Irish history is also be explored.
Introduction
Making of the Modern Irish State Implications for Comparative Politics,State, Society, and Economy
Governance and Policy-making
The Executive
Other Organizations of the State Representation and Participation
The Legislature
Political Parties
PoliticalCulture Conclusion
From the Paper "Humans have inhabited Ireland for millennia, but an examination of the current political structure in Ireland does not have to go back quite so far. Where exactly to begin, however, remains a good question, for every historical event can be seen to have a precedent in what came before. But one of the most obvious places to begin is with the Irish Revolution.
Growing tension and resentment in Ireland over British rule at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries and the question of Irish independence set in motion a chain of events that came to be known as the Irish Revolution. Conflicts between nationalists, who wanted a completely independent Irish republic, and unionists, who wished to remain under British control, led to the establishment of armed paramilitary groups in both areas of the island."
This paper discusses political socialization, the political beliefs or values of the people in a society, which has its roots in the views of ancient philosophers such as Plato.
Abstract This paper explains that political socialization is the process through which individuals acquire the information, beliefs, attitudes, and values that help them to understand the workings of a political system, and as part of the process, adopt some of the beliefs, attitudes and values. The author points out that the importance of the process lies in the fact that the beliefs and the values of the people are the basis for a society's politicalculture, and such culture defines the parameters of political life and governmental action. The paper states that some people argue that people having similar social background, income or education levels, a common religion, race or gender share largely similar political views; hence, political socialization is more of an innate rather than a learned process.
Table of Contents
Background
What is Political Socialization?
Importance
Factors Influencing Political Socialization
Family
Schools
Peer Groups
Mass Media
Arguments that Political Socialization is an Innate Process
Conclusion
From the Paper "Apart from family and schools, peer groups play an important role in imparting political values of young people. Influence of peer groups in the process of political socialization is more pronounced when an issue directly affects the youth. A pertinent example of this is the issue of the Vietnam War during the 1960s. At the time, young people were the most active participants in the movement against the war since they were directly affected by it?being made to fight in the war that was taking a large toll of lives. It is generally agreed, however, that youthful peer groups have greater influence on the lifestyle and dress as compared to politics."
