Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that in Canada in the early 21st century there is the widespread belief that racism is largely a concern of other countries given such state policies as multiculturalism. This being said, this essay argues, through the critical examination of scholarly texts on the subject, that, in fact, the development of Canada as a racist political culture defines the fundamental institutions of the Canadian state to the present day. The writer maintains that when Canada is considered in terms of its historical development, in terms of its policy making - as in the case of multiculturalism - or in terms of its political culture manifested in the mass media and the economy, there exists overwhelmingly evidence in support of the contention that Canada is a fundamentally racist political culture.

From the Paper
"Consider, for example, the unrest that has often erupted in Canada between Aboriginals and the government/land developers who are seeking to build on sacred Aboriginal lands. Even if we set aside the issue that all of the North American continent itself originally belonged to the ancestors of these Aboriginals, the fact that it has been so difficult for these First Nations to enforce their treaty rights through the courts that they must resort to peaceful civil disobedience is evidence of the radical inequality in the Canadian social, political and economic systems. Indeed, as the conflicts years ago at Akwasasne and Oka, dissent and civil disruption appear to be the only way that marginalized populations can make their case in the public arena given that they are effectively dispossessed."

Tags:multiculturalism, political, cultures, civilization

Abstract
This paper argues through the critical examination of scholarly texts on the subject, that the development of Canada as a racist political culture defines the fundamental institutions of the Canadian state to the present day. Various examples are given of what are considered racist policies.

From the Paper
"In Canada in the early 21st century there is the widespread belief that racism is a largely a concern of other countries given such state policies as multiculturalism. This being said, this essay will argue, through the critical examination of scholarly texts on the subject, that the development of Canada as a racist political culture defines the fundamental institutions of the Canadian state to the present day...."

Tags:racist, canada, state

Abstract
A look at Malay political culture from the perspectives of Anthony Milner. The author investigates the Malay political experiences, traditions and customs and analyzes these from the Milner's point of view that political relationships in Malay are based on leadership and support.

From the Paper
"Anthony Milner's central point in his examination of kerajaan is that the key to understanding political motivation must involve an understanding of differing political experience. European observers often saw political relationships in Malay societies as being based on accumulation and distribution of wealth, whereas to Milner the process had a deeper political motivation; to gain supporters."

Tags:politics, tradition, wealth, honor, motivation, leadership, support

Abstract
This paper first explains that the framers of the U.S. Constitution took for granted the presumption that human nature is essentially selfish, self-serving and less than noble; therefore, they created a structure for government to govern itself. Next, the author enumerates several ways in which the U.S. political culture differs from other cultures and the ways that the American people may joke about their government. The paper concludes that, while Americans may distrust their leaders and while their government has been at various times in history held captive by special interests, faith in the governmental system itself has never wavered.

From the Paper
"Whereas other industrialized nations attempt to govern by consensus, strive for social harmony and focus on obligations, U.S. Americans are, on the whole, a contentious lot. Government is by the majority -- in theory, "We the People" -- who can be fiercely protective of their rights. The very nature of this arrangement makes conflict inevitable. Yet this same diversity that causes conflict, ironically, has so far protected the rights of the minority. Because there are so many groups in the U.S., and because political power and authority is divided among so many branches and sub-branches each with their own agenda, it is rare that anyone can agree on whose rights should be denied."

Tags:laughter, calvinism, contentious, equality, marketplace

Abstract
This paper explores the political culture of the various ethnic and socio-economic groups in the U.S. and how participative they are in local and state governments. The writer believes that the social and economic status of a person or group of people has a bearing on their political power within the current American political system.

Contents:
The Factors of Political Culture
General Difference in Political Culture Between Native-Born and Immigrant Americans
Political Culture by Ethnic Background
Political Culture by Socio-Economic Background
Political Access: A Case Study: California
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The culture of the politics of the United States of America is as diverse as the composition of its population. With a wide range of citizens from virtually every nation and culture around the world as well as myriads of citizens in different economic situations, one is likely to envision different viewpoints of politics from each of these groups. There are many reasons for the different viewpoints of politics. Firstly, the nature of the United States is for political freedom for all. People come to America from around the world to experience the freedoms granted by the Constitution to all citizens. Many arrive with certain premonitions of the nation that play a role in their political viewpoints and stances. Often, these viewpoints about the United States and its politics are widespread among the group and often specifically taught to the young."

Tags:finance, privilege, hispanic, african, black, socio

Abstract
This paper assesses the issue of political culture and whether its varying nature in different countries affects the establishment and maintenance of democracy. The paper achieves this by first offering a definitional explanation of political culture and how its characteristics alter depending on the country in question. The paper then examines the manner in which democratic processes are affected by national political culture. Two countries ae used as examples in exemplifying the inherent links between the two concepts; Pakistan and Slovakia. The paper contends that political culture is a vital component in the democratic process. Therefore, if a respective political culture fails to either understand or believe in the underlying principles of democratic thought, it becomes very difficult to instil a culture based on democratic principles. The paper further contends that further factors such as; national history; religious beliefs and the role of the military have a large part to play. Indeed, the two example countries provide us with prove of this fact.

From the Paper
"Let us look at out first example country, Pakistan. Since independence from Britain in 1947, much of the political culture of Pakistan has been formed on the same theoretical basis as that of the British Raj. When the British left what is know known as Pakistan, the democratic forces they attempted to instil were often contradictory in their nature. On the one hand, democratic representative government was established, but underpinning it lay the same subject based culture that had endured during British rule."

Tags:independence authoritarian, national history, religious beliefs, military role

Abstract
This paper looks at the American political culture after the terrorist attacks of September 11 and the effect those attacks had on the tolerance in American political culture. It contends that, as a result, of the attacks, American political culture is more accepting of authoritarian views. This paper also looks at how the war on terrorism and the related struggle against the spread of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons have become the central elements of a new US foreign policy since September 11.

From the Paper
"September 11, had a polarizing effect on tolerance in political culture .In fact the tragedy made American political culture more accepting of authoritarian views .The terrorist attacks on the U. S. of Sept. 11, 2001, jolted Americans with the realization that young men filled with hatred of the U. S. could, with limited training and guidance, become focused instruments of mass terror, willing and able to kill thousands of Americans."

Tags:arab, and, muslim, world, american, hegemony, war, on, terrorism, us, foreign, policy

Abstract
The paper discusses how Canada and the United States, while both democracies with deep historical and cultural links, represent two radically different political cultures operating on the basis of distinct concepts of governance and political values. This paper proposes to explore these two distinct political cultures in a comparative analysis. The paper explores what is meant by political culture, and how this concept applies to contemporary political and social analysis.

From the Paper
"Canada and the United States, while both democracies with deep historical and cultural links, represent two radically different political cultures operating on the basis of distinct concepts of governance and political values. This essay proposes to explore these two distinct political cultures in a comparative analysis. The paper will explore what is meant by political culture, and how this concept applies to contemporary political and social analysis. For the purposes of this paper: "Political culture is concerned with how people,...""

Tags:political, culture, differences

Abstract
Background
British Influence in the US and Canada
US Civil War ? It?s affect on Canada?s constitution
Constitutional Divergence ? Canada, US, and England
Political Culture
Political Sub Culture
Statistical Facts

Tags:canada, political, science, us, united, states

Abstract
This paper examines the history of American individualism, culture, community and civil rights using Bellah, et al's "Habits of the Heart" and Morris' "Origins of the Civil Rights Movement".

From the Paper
"Social scientists have long debated the relative influence of individualism and community in shaping the American political culture. Bellah, Madsen, Sullivan, Swidler and Tipton make the case that American nationalism is essentially Eurocentric, based in large measure upon the values and norms of the Anglo elements and groups within society and representative in many instances of the British legal and social traditions. While recognizing that this is the case, Aldon Morris suggests that in a society which promotes assimilation as..."

Tags:individualism, culture, community, civil rights