An analysis of the history of the relationship between the Canadian North West Mounted Police (NWMP) and the nativepeople of Canada and who is to blame for the degradation of their culture.
Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between the Canadian North West Mounted Police (NWMP) and the nativepeople of Canada. It briefly describes the history of the white Canadian's contact with the nativepeople and how the NWMP became involved with them. The paper compares their attitudes towards the Inuit and the Indians and the conflicting opinions of how to deal with the Inuit. Finally, the paper looks at who is to blame for the degradation of the culture of the nativepeoples of the frontier.
From the Paper "The North West Mounted Police were dispatch to the frontier as the law enforcement representative of the Canadian government. They protected the native population from further exploitation from the white settlers, and although contemptuous at times, they were not responsible for the demise of the native culture. Similar the introduction of modern culture to the Inuit by the Mounted Police was not the root cause of the demise of their culture. The encounter of modern society was inevitable, and the generous attitude of the Mounted Police avoided the exploitation that was all too often a part of the integration of native cultures into modern society."
Abstract The paper looks at the multicultural policy that is administered by the Canadian government and concludes that it is marginal. It compares the treatment of the NativePeople in Canada and reflects on the serious problem in economic, health, and educational disparity in comparison to the larger white population. The paper discusses how the current government enactment of racial equality is not effective, yet the government enjoys a global reputation as being racial harmonious and protecting the NativePeoples from segregation.
From the Paper "In this study, the alarming realities of racism brought forth on the Native Peoples of Canada has been a serious issue for modern Canada. Although new efforts by the government have been brought forth to help out this racial minority, it is clear that they still suffer under white hegemony through economic and social measures. In essence, the atrocities committed against Native Peoples in relation to their economic stability, are still being committed and reinforced in modern day Canada. In the past twenty years the problem of racism in Canada has not improved for Native Peoples on an economic level."
Abstract This paper examines the impact of Spanish and Portuguese colonization on Mesoamerican culture, with an emphasis on conversion of indigenous peoples to Christianity. The author describes the native religion and lifestyle prior to the Europeans' arrival, and the subsequent results of conversion to Christianity, both positive and negative. Also described is the treatment toward the nativepeoples by the Europeans. The paper is divided into two sections, one describing the Spanish invasion and the other the Portuguese conquest of Brazil. The author concludes that the effort by Portuguese Christians to convert native Brazilians - by force or otherwise - to Christianity was far less successful than tactics used by Spaniards in Mexico.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
The arrival of the Spaniards into Mesoamerican Mexico
Things did not go well for the Spaniards in 1680s and 1690s
Jesuit priest Father Tomas Miranda raged at the cruel treatment of the Seri
Portugal and the Colonization of Brazil
Works Cited
From the Paper "And because the Roman Catholic leadership in Spain saw the natives as part of a prophecy, a gift from Lord to enrich their Spanish culture, the Franciscan missionaries, the first priests in Mexico, used "indoctrination" as a term rather than "evangelization." The Spaniards reportedly believed that since God had placed these Native Americans on Mexican soil for the enhancement of Spanish culture and religion, that the natives merely needed the facts of Christianity (Roman Catholicism), not the full litany of evangelization. The Spaniards were wrong, of course, and they found themselves in the midst of a myriad of troubling situations they could not possibly have predicted."
Tags: Christianity, conversion, native, peoples, Mexico, Brazil, Spain, Portugal
Abstract This paper examines the image of Nativepeoples in the novels "Tay John" by Howard O'Hagan with an after word by Michael Ondaatje, "The Vanishing Point" (author not known) and "The Scorched-Wood People" by Rudy Wiebe and in the play "The Occupation of Heather Rose" by Wendy Lill. The author points out that, in all four works, systemic racism plays a role in the oppression of the Nativepeoples. The paper relates that reverse discrimination and militancy are used to struggle against racism and oppression so that each work has a positive outcome.
From the Paper "The image of Native peoples, in the novels "Tay John", "The Vanishing Point", and The Scorched-Wood People as well as in the play "The Occupation of Heather Rose", is complex and variable. The patterns of systemic racism, reverse racism and the discrimination, which flow from them, are interwoven with social structures of which the oppressed very often are a part."
Abstract This paper looks at and reviews two articles that deal with the following question: What problems faced immigrant and native groups in Canada in the late 19th and early 20th century? The articles in question are: "Reluctant Hosts: Anglo-Canadian View on Multiculturalism in the 20th century" by Palmer and "Owen Glendower, Hotspur and Canadian Indian Policy" by Miller. "
Abstract This paper goes into great detail about Native American struggles: How the Europeans stole their land and how the government has been trying to assimilate them into mainstream society. It discusses many battles between the Natives and Europeans, as well as the many legal acts that have been created against them.
From the Paper "For centuries, Native Americans have dealt with hardships; it seems as though they are singled out. Native Americans have been viewed unjustly since early colonialism. Their land was stolen, given back, and so on. Criticism has plagued their credibility, pursuits, and dreams. Through treaties and warfare they have been forced to assimilate like White Europeans. They try to live soundly, peacefully, with no outside interference, but to no avail. As this paper will demonstrate, through policies, treaties, assimilation acts, and warfare, Native Americans have been ill-treated."
Abstract This paper looks at how the colonizing forces of North America, specifically the US government has continually been in conflict with the nativepeoples for the last four hundred years, focusing on land rights and usage. Issues discussed are relocation to polluted and toxic land, mining on native lands and re-appropriation of reservations for resources.
From the Paper "One of the major issues, and there are many, facing Native American Indians today is that of land usage and availability in many parts of the US. From the first contact with colonial explorers and settlers, the native peoples of the Americas have been fighting a losing battle with the white forces of power. What seems to be a simple negotiation of land and space is actually a complex series of issues that ultimately decide who has a right to live and in what way. These issues are in no way limited to European colonialism of the Americas, but for this paper, the writer focuses on the problems inherent in land rights in what is now the United States."
Abstract The following paper analyzes the topic of 'International' trade unionism, and the respective impact this has on Canadian Industrial Relations. It argues that the broader notion of 'international' in a Canadian context, has more implications when seen in terms of industry and in turn, labor within the U.S. economy. The thesis of this paper, argues that as North American industries expand their 'branch plant' economies into the underdeveloped nations, the bargaining strength and position of the unions in Canada become weakened.
Abstract This paper explains the complex interaction of the social determinants of health, which have resulted in the very poor health status of the aboriginal Canadianpeople. The author points out that the broadest issues, which impact on native communities, include little control by natives over their own economy, their ability for self-government and unfair decisions about use of resources. The paper relates that these issues are linked with the loss of native language and culture, especially because of the government's and religion's involvement in residential schools. The author underscores that homelessness for Nativepeople is sometimes viewed as a problem that the poor bring upon themselves; however, the mainstream society forgets that nativepeople have lost their resources. The paper concludes that nativepeople are capable of solving their own problems as long as they are given some degree of support, autonomy and justice.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Practice Experience and Issue
The Root Issue Explaining Native Homelessness
Analysis of Practice and Community Connections
Conclusion
From the Paper "During the project, we learned that all the Native people on reserves live under conditions of poverty and despair. It is to escape those conditions that many Aboriginal women as well as young males leave reserves. Aboriginal homeless women are faced with racism and discrimination. Unlike other Canadian women, there are very few Native women who have an income; instead they exist on a welfare allowance which often does not meet basic needs. Because of the extent and complexity of the issues facing Native peoples, I learned that it is not possible to approach these issues without nursing theory and theoretical frameworks."
Abstract This paper analyzes the land claims of the aboriginal people of Canada. The paper discusses the history over the struggle between native and non-nativeCanadians, in regards to their struggle over land, fishing and hunting rights upon property in the country for many years. The paper presents the argument of the aboriginal people and the counter-claim of those non-nativeCanadians who are opposed to the claim, as well as their solution to the problem.
Abstract The paper briefly explains the history of Canadian Indians. The writer details the pattern of death and the main diseases that affect the Canadian Indians, including lifestyle related diseases, infectious diseases and the increased number of violent deaths. The paper discusses the high rate of drug abuse, and suicides found in this group of people. The writer explains that most articles written about these issues suggest the need to increase income, education and social opportunities for Indian youth and adolescents. In conclusion, the writer states that the Indian communities have adapted and integrated both traditional and western approaches to fit their own unique sociocultural needs.
From the Paper "Native Aboriginal also have an increased risk for diabetes. This is probably because their original diet was low in simple carbohydrates and over the centuries, their bodies adapted to this regime. Diabetes is 4-8 times more common in Canadian Indians compared to the general Canadian population. In some Indian communities, up to half of all adults have diabetes. Indian Elders suffer from higher rates of complications from diabetes. Unfortunately, the individuals least open to the regimen of western medicine are Indian elders, making proper treatment of their diabetes more difficult. They are not able to return to the original diet of their ancestors and often die early of complications. "Also there are numerous challenges facing these same individuals, families, and communities in their struggle to reduce the harm due to substance use/abuse. Among Indian and Native people, special challenges include whether or not, and, if so, how to adapt treatment or prevention programs for use in their own communities. Another challenge is how to draw upon and incorporate cultural values, skills, and knowledge into this struggle. In addition, how to reconcile certain cultural practices, such as the ceremonial use of tobacco and peyote, with messages about harmful substance use continues to be a challenge as well. Others include how to develop self-sustaining programs once private, state, or federal support for their start-up has ended. For instance, the Wheel Council uses traditional arts like storytelling as a means to heal social problems such as racism, drug addiction, violence, economic injustice, health crises, child abuse and neglect."
Abstract This paper discusses some of the issues that relate to the rights of aboriginal peoples in Canada. The paper specifically focuses on achieving a deeper understanding of basic terms such as nation, property and people. The paper discusses the barriers between the aboriginal people and white Canadians that are caused by poor communication or differing understandings of terms.
From the Paper "In essence, terms as they are used by whites bear no comparison when they are used by natives. John Locke, for instance, exemplifies European ideas of property. He believed that property in its original form was the earth given by God to human beings. This appears similar to the view of Native peoples. People's reason enables them to make the best use of natural resources and ways of appropriating those resources. "Though the Earth, and all inferior Creatures be common to all Men, yet every man has a Property in his own Person" (Locke, 2002, p. 60). As Locke viewed it, the concept of property actually began with the commons, or that which is owned by all individuals in common. All of this is very foreign to how Native peoples regard land and property. Indians do not even understand the idea of land tenure. In Indian culture, all material goods are held in common. There may be a commons but it is not owned in any sense."
Abstract This ten-page undergraduate paper explores how and why Natives are oppressed and discriminated against in the justice system. Colonization and the "Indian Act" are part of it, and social conditions outside the system fully explain what happen within it: both control inferior people. 10 pgs. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Abstract This paper discusses the impact of the fur trade on nativepeople. The paper presents the argument that the fur trade, especially in the early years was driven by the Natives and the impact this had on the economy of Canada. It suggests that they were smart business people with a strong ability to discern quality and trading abilities.
From the Paper "The Nature and Impact of the Fur Trade The development of Canada is very different from the development of many other industrial countries. This is because Canada has what is traditionally known as a 'staples economy'. In Globalization and Canadian Economic and Industrial Strategy James M. Gillies says, They pointed out that Canada's economic development could all be explained by the overwhelming abundance in Canada of 'staple products' which they defined as bulky, semi-processed, natural commodities with a high-weight-to-volume ratio, which were produced for export (Gillies 187). This meant that much of Canada's development was based on the extraction or harvesting of natural resources such as fish, fur and timber."
A look at the historical importance of Barbara Graymont's book in understanding the relationship between the Native Americans and the locals in the American Revolution.
Abstract This paper examines how the role of the Iroquois Confederacy in the American Revolution and the fate of nativepeoples in its wake is a topic often overlooked by historians. In Barbara Graymont's work, "The Iroquois in the American Revolution", Graymont attempts to shed light on the underlying issues of the American Revolution, more specifically, the effect of that conflict on the cultural identity and tribal unity of the Iroquois peoples. It shows how "The Iroquois in the American Revolution" examines the struggle between Britain and the thirteen colonies to attain the loyalty of the Iroquois, as well as the impending disintegration of the long-standing confederacy. This paper critiques Graymont's work by analyzing important factors such as her biases, sources, background, assumptions, and overall knowledge of the topic at hand, as well as to examine alternate viewpoints of the subject and the relevance of this topic to our course.
From the Paper "To successfully analyse and evaluate a historical work such as The Iroquois in the American Revolution, one must first examine the background of the author, in this case, Barbara Graymont, as well as the type and credibility of the sources used to research the topic and construct the work. Barbara Graymont, a white American author, is an associate professor of history in the United States. Graymont is also an honorary member of the Indian Defense League of America, a position which she achieved through acquaintance with and professional ties to many present day Iroquois in America.1 In light of the fact that Graymont has definite ties to native peoples, a reader would expect to see evidence of favouritism and sympathy toward the Natives as well as more strict criticism of the white peoples involved. Such cases are evident throughout the work. For example, in her prologue, Graymont uses the term Visutskie 2 "pawns"2 to describe the utter usage of the Native peoples by both the British and the Americans in their attempts to defeat the other. In another instance, Graymont's table of contents is valuable in determining exactly who and what the book was written for. The table of contents makes it quite obvious to the reader that Graymont is quite intent on educating the reader about Native culture and that each chapter centres around Native peoples and their roles in not only the American Revolution but in everyday life alongside the white settlers. Graymont makes reference to both the British and the Americans using bribery with alcohol and other presents, promises of military protection, and even grants of land taken from the Natives in the first place to try and win the Natives as allies."
