Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the idea of a nation's independent sovereignty is the basis of proving the irrational and negative aspects of Canadianmilitaryintervention in Afghanistan's democratic elections. Furthermore, the writer points out that the link between warlord policing units and the Canadianmilitary against the civilian population often contributes to governmental destabilization, which is contrary to the people's will. In essence, the writer maintains that the imposing interventionist policy of the Canadianmilitary will have a negative impact on any form of developmental democracy in Afghanistan.
From the Paper "The general definition of a democracy is the rule of the people to chose their own representational leaders in government. The will of the people in Afghanistan should be the guiding rule of law if this form of government is going to be implemented. However, after the military invasion of Afghanistan by the United States in 2001, Canada has decidedly taken the view that the country must become "democratized" in accordance with U.S. policy in the region. This policy is founded on the principle that the country must be under Canadian military control, along with other NATO countries, but has failed to bring any type of stability or order in the country to allow legal elections to occur. Military occupation by the Canadian military has often been a source of antagonism to law and order, as they often do not correctly separate "insurgents" or members of the Taliban from the innocent non-combatant civilians in the region. Alongside the military occupation of Afghanistan, the Canadian and American military have installed a warlord-backed police force to deal with any type of civilian rebellion in the region."
Abstract In this discussion, the writer looks at justifications for international militaryinterventions and rationale's for intervention. The writer examines the regional and geopolitical history of Iraq and Sudan in this regard. The writer also discusses human rights violations. This article looks at relevant literature and discussions and compares the intervention into Iraq with a possible military invention into Sudan.
From the Paper "This paper explores the literature and arguments surrounding the U.S. led intervention into Iraq, with justifications offered for an international intervention into Darfur Sudan today. The question posed is whether the conditions in Iraq leading up to U.S. intervention are comparable to those in Darfur currently and therefore whether they require similar armed military intervention. The paper concludes that the situations are dissimilar and only the conditions in Darfur mandate and authorize intervention. To answer the question the paper looks at the ... "
Abstract This paper argues that Canada should withdraw her troops from Afghanistan. The writer points out that Canadian involvement in the war in Afghanistan has been ongoing since the conflict began in 2001, and what began as a peacekeeping mission in support of the United States against the Taliban has become something different largely because of American involvement in the war in Iraq. The writer discusses that the continued presence of Canadian troops in Afghanistan can today be seen as support for the wider war the United States is waging in the Middle East. The writer argues that Canada should withdraw before the fallout from this extended conflict harms Canadian interests.
From the Paper "Canadian involvement in the war in Afghanistan has been ongoing since the conflict began in 2001, and what began as a peacekeeping mission in support of the United States against the Taliban has become something different largely because of American involvement in the war in Iraq. The continued presence of Canadian troops in Afghanistan can today be seen as support for the wider war the United States is waging in the Middle East. Canada should withdraw before the fallout from this extended conflict harms Canadian interests. Canada's involvement in Afghanistan steadily increased from the start of the conflict. Most recently, Canada undertook a major role in the southern part of that country, based around Kandahar with a battle group of more then 2000 soldiers. Canada also now commands one of the main military forces in Afghanistan, the Multi National Brigade for Command South."
Abstract This study attempts to evaluate the best possible use of militaryintervention so that universal standards of the use of military force can be established for the international community. The paper evaluates the dangers involved in both the use of force and in not using force and attempts to determine which situations make the use of military force appropriate.
Table of Contents
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Purpose of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Hypothesis
Literature Review
Methodology
Collection of Data
Data Analysis and Search Tactics
Discussion
Recommendations
From the Paper "Generally speaking, the use of military force has been restricted to the expansion of territory and with the apparent needs of capitalism such as trade, finance and natural resources. However as of September 11, 2001, the doctrine of military intervention has drastically transformed because of the new threat of terrorism that has surfaced. This threat of terrorism does not appear in the form of state, nation or ethnic group, but rather in the form of individual groups who seek to solve their disputes by resorting to violence because they see the world and its residents as selfish and greedy who have failed to address their needs."
Tags: civilized, world, united, states, fanatical, groups, demand, instigating, human, rights
Abstract This essay focuses on the national debate in the US as to whether there should be militaryintervention in Iraq if the weapons inspectors are hindered. The writer presents an analysis of the arguments both for and against intervention and highlights the position of President Bush and those who oppose him. The paper maintains that Iraq has attempted to create weapons of mass destruction and needs to be stopped. It concludes by arguing that there is currently worldwide support for a US led initiative and this makes it an opportune time to persevere in attempting to bring stability to the region.
From the Paper "There is a nationwide debate-taking place about whether or not the U.S. should intervene militarily if Iraq hinders the weapons inspection process. The debate is not just across political party lines, Americans from all walks of life are contemplating this decision. If war is declared with Iraq, the U.S. and hopefully, their allies, will be looking at a military campaign with the use of ground troops, possibly occupying Iraqi cities. I believe there is credible evidence that Iraq has attempted to produce weapons of mass destruction and should be stopped."
This paper argues that the United States's regular intervention into the domestic affairs of other countries has been the biggest cause of exponential growth in terrorist activities around the world.
Abstract This paper states that America's foreign policy, requiring militaryintervention by the United States every time something goes wrong in any corner of the world, has not resolved the conflict and has given rise to immense resentment against United States interests. The author believes that the Middle East conflict is the most perfect example of American intervention going haywire; the case of Lebanon is used as an example. The paper contends that even the United States cannot afford to intervene in every conflict, since its military and economic resources are limited, and America's intervention in internal insurgencies is likely to backfire.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Case against USA Intervention Counter-argument
Conclusion
From the Paper "We must bear in mind that current rise in organized terrorism has its roots in all such US interventionist attacks in Middle Eastern region. Deep-rooted resentment against America's double standards and its selfish interventionism has given birth to a chain of terrorist organizations that have now become a major threat to peace and security of Americans everywhere in the world."
Abstract This paper seeks to determine the 1982 militaryintervention of the United States in Lebanon. The paper explains that this beholds a many faceted justification for military action before diplomacy was even considered. The paper discusses how the wide variety of information on financial and military support for Israel decidedly offers an argument that limits the moral justification of saving the lives of PLO members, as well as the Christians, that had been killed due to combat between Arabs and the Israeli Army.
From the Paper "This political study will examine the 1982 origins of the military intervention by United States military forces in Palestine. By analyzing the various Israeli-Palestinian conflicts of this era, we see the nature of military intervention to protect Christian populations in Israel ultimately failed as a consequence of the U.S. Embassy bombing in 1983. The justification to provide safety for those Christians outside of the conflict between Arab and Jew was the main source for intervention, but failed due to policy issues and political/military misjudgments that were not taken into consideration within the Reagan Administration. In essence, the close ties with Lebanese/Christian Arabs and the support America had given financially to the building of a large Jewish army resulted in an unsuccessful military intervention in this region."
Abstract The paper compares the method and history of US involvement in Iraq and Panama and looks at how each state internally operated prior to, and following, US intervention. The paper provides a literature review that shows how, although militaryintervention successfully instilled democracy in Panama, because the US destroyed economic and political institutions within Iraq the struggle will continue to drag on far into the future. The paper argues that US intervention is no longer what it used to be, and the Latin-American model will not be successful in the rest of the world.
Outline:
Introduction
Method
Findings
Literature Review
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "Since Barack Obama was elected president of the United States on November 4th, many have speculated how he could work to repair the tarnished reputation of the US abroad. Iraq, to much of the western world, has epitomized US ignorance. What many thought would be an easy democratization, has instead turned into a costly prolonged struggle. Because of Iraq, many are now looking to President Elect Obama for answers. Although the US has maintained an impressive sphere of influence in the world as CNN State Department author Elise Labott put it in an article titled, High Hopes and High Expectations Abroad for Obama, "U.S. power is declining, and not entirely by fault of its own. The concept of a single-superpower world no longer fits." However, as history demonstrates, the US has been able to yield hegemonic power in previous attempts to influence politics within nations. For example in 1989, the US was able to single-handedly overturn Panama's government and leave in its place a functioning democracy. What has been different in Iraq, and will the US be able to continue its impressive sphere of influence and intervention in the Middle East as it has in Latin America?"
Abstract This paper explores the growing cocaine and marijuana market in Latin American countries and the lack of local resources available to prevent this valuable and profitable industry from expanding even more. The writer of this paper details the U.S. military's role in aiding these countries, as well as the cost to the American people, while pondering if the American military should even be involved in drug related issues outside the U.S. The cost for the militaryintervention in the war on drugs continues to rise and has created entirely new perceptions about money and the military both within and outside the U.S. This paper discusses the military involvement in the war on drugs and cites the leading recipients of aid, military equipment, training and personnel. This paper also delves into a program, involving military participation, which was recently introduced in Congress, called the Western Hemisphere Drug Elimination Act. This act would authorized $2.3 billion over three years for military hardware, personnel, training and a small amount for alternative crop development in various Latin American countries.
From the Paper "Even though the House and various representatives have called on military action, the Pentagon was reluctant- albeit, it finally was dragged into it. Even though the Pentagon budget continues to grow, year after year, there are still concerns that legislators who dole out the tens of millions of dollars are underestimating the total cost. In a recent report to the House and Senate armed services committees, the Department of Defense estimated that "24-hour surveillance of the U.S. 'southern fence', the border from Jacksonville, Florida, to San Diego, full interdiction capability, and C13 programs, would cost between $480.4 million and $760.5 million annually, depending on the equipment mix ." All this money without a single soldier leaving the continental U.S.- even though advisers may now be operating in the various targeted Latin American countries. All that has been publicized, and strongly so, are planes and equipment, everything from helicopters to flame throwers which are supposed to be used by the local troops."
Abstract This paper argues that the Canadianmilitary involvement in Afghanistan is laudable. It suggests that realists have a better understanding of the realities of international security and human rights protection than do liberals. The paper outlines the general content of both the liberal and realist arguments regarding Canadian involvement in Afghanistan and then briefly looks at how human rights and liberties can only be maintained if those who would violate those rights and liberties are held accountable.
From the Paper "To close, the realists are really the more perceptive of the two groups inasmuch as they seem to understand that international rules and protocols have no "teeth" (e.g.: enforcement) if they are not followed up by force. Moreover, it may be said that radicalized elements infused with religious radicalism and with an intense hatred of the west are not exactly the kind of people who will listen to diplomatic reason - or to sanctions (like embargoes) that can hurt others as much as they hurt them. In the end, the Canadian military is doing a good thing - and should be commended."
Abstract This paper explains that devising a direct coercive intervention to promote Canadian trade is a complicated task because Canada's participation in such international forums, as the World Trade Organization and NAFTA, limit the choice of direct and coercive interventions as tariff barriers. The author points out that the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade may be well advised to consider an indirect intervention policy. The paper relates that the voluntary nature of this policy is attractive enough to acquire widespread adherence to boost significantly Canadian trade and that its indirect characteristics minimize Canadian exposure to retaliatory measures by its trading partners.
From the Paper "It must be acknowledged that devising a direct, coercive intervention to promote Canadian trade is a complicated task given the fact that Canada's participation in such international forums as the World Trade Organization and NAFTA limit the choice of such direct and coercive interventions as tariff barriers. However, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade may be well advised to consider indirect interventions that, while voluntary, are attractive enough to acquire widespread adherence and thus may significantly boost Canadian trade while their indirect characteristics minimize Canadian exposure to retaliatory measures by our trading partners."
Abstract This paper examines the status of women in contemporary Canada and Afghanistan, highlighting two societies that really cannot be compared. At the same time, this paper's topic remains illuminating because it shows how women have been given unequal roles, over time, as they have been fitted into changing economies and societies in ways preventing gender equality. This paper refers to a handful of sources that offer some less considered features of both societies with regard to the status of women.
Abstract Resistance ? with the proper tools, strategy, and determination ? can countermeasure any unwanted entity. This paper shows how the anti-Soviet forces in Afghanistan not only pushed the invaders out of their country, but helped precipitate the eventual fall of the USSR as a world power. The paper studies the question: How did the Soviets lose that war, or how did the Mujahidin ? the soldiers of God ? win?
From the Paper "The Afghan resistance fighters, under the guidance of their Islamic mullahs and provincial warlords, devised effective tactics and strategies to engage the large Soviet and pro-Soviet forces: avoid direct combat with a superior force; use the element of surprise; attack more at night; yield a battlefield to the enemy if it means a large result of death for the resistance forces; conduct terror and disinformation campaigns in enemy-held villages. These soldiers of God would conduct successful ambushes through the course of the war. They would attack small convoys through mountainous routes if they were lightly armed; they would attack larger forces within small valley or ravines by destroying lead and aft position vehicles to cause a jam and create confusion and panic as soldiers; they would disguise themselves as pro-Soviet soldiers and conduct disinformation campaigns in local villages to create disorder and add to the confusion amongst the rumor-mill of the local populace; or they would infiltrate firebases and conduct small raiding parties upon equipment or supplies, destroying what they could quickly, and withdrawing back into the mountains."
Abstract The paper discusses the Indo-Canadian gang problem in Vancouver, Canada where deaths continue to mount and recruits of young Indo-Canadian males from related families drive the violence. The paper explains that intercepting the growth of Indo-Canadian gangs requires intervention at two key transition points. The paper also overviews several programs that assist youth through these pivotal points. The paper calls for a program that would create significant change for Vancouver Indo-Canadian gang-involved youth, and reinforce a safe environment for the larger community.
From the Paper "Bolan (2008) provided a thorough recount of the events encompassing a ten year period characterized by over 100 murders between three Indo-Canadian gangs: the Independent Soldiers, the United Nations, and the Indo-Canadian Mafia. The motivations for the killings, according to Gordon (2008), were primarily related to drug control; were familial, retaliatory, and originating in India. The deceased kingpin of the United Nations, still a commanding gang in B.C., was reported to have killed his own associates on impulse for threats of desertion, and simple negative comments directed at him."
Abstract This paper explores the Kosovo conflict, its escalation in 1998 and its subsequent management. It is divided in four parts. First, it deals with the accusations of human rights violations within the province and presents diverse evidence from various human rights groups on the existence of such abuses. Second, it examines the Serbian response to these allegations and the reasons behind Milosevic's unwillingness to rectify the worsening situation. Third, it presents an evaluation of the need for intervention with regard to International Law and previous humanitarian practice. Fourth, it analyzes the diplomatic and military actions taken by the International Community.
Table of Contents:
Introduction.
The Human Rights Situation in Kosovo:
History of Albanian Mistreatment.
Allegations of Human Rights Violations.
The Serbian Response to Accusations of Human Rights Violations.
An Evaluation of the Need for Intervention with Regard to International Humanitarian Law
An Examination of the Accusations of Human Rights Violations.
On the Legality of MilitaryIntervention.
International Action
International Humanitarian Action in Perspective: The Failure of Diplomacy and the NATO Bombing Campaign
Belated Recommendations: Was there an Alternative?
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Bosnia and the Kosovo conflicts marked the biggest outbreaks of violence in Europe after the end of the Second World War. The instable political environment in federal Yugoslavia after the fall of communism, brought about the emergence of salient ethnic issues, which led to the deaths of tens of thousands of people. The focus of this paper is the Kosovo conflict, the human rights violations that led to its escalation, and the international response that followed. Even though the situation in Serbia has changed and democratic parties are in power, the Kosovo question is still far from being resolved due to the mutual hatred of Serbs and Albanians. Moreover, the downturn of the Kosovo crisis gave credibility to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) as a political player, which has further exacerbated the situation not only in Kosovo, but also in neighboring Montenegro and Macedonia."
